I Tower of London. History of the Tower of London e London

Castle Tower of London yenye ezinika eziphambili UK. Oku nje lesikhumbuzo omangalisayo bokwakha, uphawu esigcwalisa indawo ebalulekileyo kwimbali yookumkani IsiNgesi.

indawo

Ngaba Tower of London e London, ngomhla River iThames. Le yenye izakhiwo zindala e England. Ngembali yaso elide i Tower ixesha ukundwendwela komkhulu, inqaba, intolongo, i-Observatory, a zoo, a zetyeleba arsenal, nguvimba inempahla isithsaba yaseBritani, kwakunye njengendawo enomtsalane kubakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

zokwakha

Tower of London yakhiwa kumanqanaba eziliqela. Isiseko kwimbali isakhiwo zobumnini uKumkani UWilhelm I, nto leyo ngoko nangoko emva kokoyiswa amaBritane Land sele uqalile kwakhiwe iinqaba Uyalwa ukuze oyike kubemi bezo ndawo. Njengenxalenye yale isiganeko esiphambili ngo-1078, i-Tower wamiswa kwisiza se ngamaplanga nqaba endala. Yaba ebuxande enkulu inqaba yokubonisela dimensions 32h36 m, ukuphakama-30 m. Emva kokufa William mna elandelayo ukumkani iNgilani wayalela ukwakhiwa ipeyinti in umbala omhlophe, emva koko ukwakhiwa ngokuba "White Tower". UKumkani Richard abanye iinqaba Lionheart eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo zakhiwa neendonga enamandla, imikrozo emibini ujikeleze isakhiwo omkhulu. Round Tower ke wemba sisihogo esinzulu, wenze enye iinqaba kakhulu kungenakugqithwa eYurophu.

amabanjwa Famous

Tower of London wathabatha ibanjwa yokuqala ngo-1100. Baba Bishop Ralph Flambard, owathi, ngasendleleni, ngaxa lithile yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kulwakhiwo inqaba. Ubomi mfundisi phantsi lock limnandi kakhulu - ke indlu yeyokukhulisa, bafumana isifundo esahlukileyo, ndangcamla iziselo emnandi kunye izitya. Noko ke, ibanjwa basindileyo Tower ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka, usebenzisa intambo, leyo azinika ingqayi yewayini. Ibanjwa elandelayo, Griffin, iNkosana Wales, wavalelwa kule minyaka Fort 150 waza wafa (ingqubekile) ngelixa ezama ukubaleka. Emva koko baye abantu disfavour of igazi blue iba umbanjwa kwi Tower rhoqo. Kukho watyelela ookumkani France kunye Scotland (Yohane II, Orleans uKarl uYakobi kunye iScots I) nababingeleli nezidwangube izidanga ezahlukeneyo kunye nezihloko. Le nqaba odumileyo iye yaba yindawo ukubulala olunegazi nokubulawa. babatshababalisa Kukho abathetheli abangabantwana - a Edward V kunyaka elinambini ubudala kwaye umzalwana wakhe uRichard, wobulawa afe Korol Genrih VI.

Amabanjwa ezigcinwe kwimimandla simahla, indlela zokunciphisa ulawulo inkululeko ibe nantoni na. Umsunguli of Pennsylvania e North America, Penn Uilyam, waye kwiNqaba iinkolelo zawo zonqulo yaye wachitha iinyanga ezisibhozo. I iNkosana Orleans, uCharles, owayevale- enqabeni iminyaka engama-25 ubude kunye oshiyeke emva bahlawule intlawulelo enkulu kuye. Reyli Uolter - lakomkhulu, inzululwazi kunye nomhloli - stints ezintathu entolongweni, kwaye bakhetha ukuba bakhonza ewonke iminyaka elishumi. Wakhula kwi Castle Garden icuba aqabukile ubulolo buhlungu ngokubhala multi-volume 'History of the World. "

izicwangciso yomtshato neeyantlukwano yenkolo

indawo semfene zokuhlukunyezwa kwiNqaba London yaqala emva Ukuvuma kwitrone uHenry VIII, umnqweno ukuba esemthethweni ogama abukhali wamenza enye villains mkhulu kwimbali eNgilani. Henry elaqhekeka Church lamaGrike-Roman, zange ayamkele into yokuba umtshato wakhe umfazi wakhe wokuqala, wamnqumla intloko lwesibini - Anne Boleyn, abakwazi ukuba uzale unyana, ndalahla ngendlela efanayo yi yesihlanu - Govard Ketrin, oku ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno zawo. Ngelo xesha ukumkani eninzi yabantu akwizikhundla eziphezulu babeka ubomi babo kwi Tower.

Edward VI, ukumkani elandelayo eNgilani, waba ezihlangwini ufanelwe kuyise, yaye akazange sinayo isohlwayo sentambo. Ntombi uHenry VIII - UMaria - yaba umKatolika ozinikeleyo yaye ngengcwangu balwa ekuhlambululeni ukholo, naye akwazi ukwenza ngaphandle iminikelo yegazi. Ukongeza, umntu ugonyamelo, kanye phezu kwetrone, ngoko nangoko ikhanda oyimbangi yakhe iphambili kumlo ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi - ezilishumi elinesithandathu Lady Jane Grey. abaqhankqalazi abaninzi babulawa ebudeni bolawulo kaMariya, kodwa Queen elandelayo eNgilani - Elizabeth - equalized kwaye kusingathwe ngokuqatha elalixhatshazwa ngaphambili lakhe lobuKatolika. History of the Tower of London uzele impindezelo enogonyamelo nxamnye nabantu abadumileyo abaye bawela ihlazo ngenxa yonqulo.

Nokubulawa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa

amawaka aliqela kwakukhala kwiNqaba. Noko ke, zimbini kuphela amadoda nabafazi ezintlanu zanikwa iwonga lokuba ikhanda kwi kwintsimi inqaba odumileyo. Ezintathu kwezi iindwalutho baba ookumkanikazi: Dzheyn Grey (etroneni yathatha iintsuku ezisithoba), Ketrin Govard kunye Anne Boleyn. amabanjwa amanene ngaphantsi babulawa kufuphi, kwiNqaba Hill, apho babehlanganisene abalandeli emininzi kufa. Umzimba we mthetho wenza lwaxhomekeka ukungcwatywa enqabeni. Castle Tower of London ivenkile angaphantsi zabo uhlala amabanjwa 1,500.

Sentuthumbo amabanjwa kwiNqaba lwenziwa kuphela imvume kwabasemagunyeni. Ngoko ke, Gay Foks, isaphuli owayezama ukuqhushumba ziziNdlu zePalamente, ngo-1605, yaba phezu yokubeka nqaba. Oku wamnyamezela ukuba igama amagama phambi kokuba abulawe masterminds kwazo Plot.

Tower - indawo entolongweni kwimbali yakutshanje

Kanye phezu kwetrone IsiNgesi Charles II, Tower of London e London phantse akazange amabanjwa kwakhona. Kubulawa yokugqibela kwiNqaba Hill kwenzeka ngo-1747, kodwa nenqaba yodumo entolongweni, yaye mihla. In leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, sele sigqityiwe, kwaye wadubula elinanye iintlola German. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II amabanjwa emfazwe kuqhutyelwa inqaba, ekwakukho phakathi Rudolf Hess. Umntu wokugqibela ezakuphumezwa enqabeni, waba uYakobi uYosefu, watyholwa zaseMelika baxhonywa ngo-1941. Amabanjwa zokugqibela Tower ngo-1952 ngabazalwana-gangsters Cray.

Okunye ukusebenzisa le nqaba

KwiNqaba Tower of London waba yimpumelelo njengokuba zoo, umiwe exotic. Isithethe yasekwa kwinkulungwane XVII ngu Henry III, bafumana njengokuba isipho izilwanyana ezimbalwa ubanike ngumhlali kwi inqaba odumileyo. Ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth I, ezu wavula kwiindwendwe. Kuphela ngo 1830 kweli menagerie Tower kwayekwa.

Malunga 500 neminyaka apho ke kuloo nqaba esisetyenziswa isebe le-Royal Mint. Ukongeza, i-Tower waqhubeka lokuphepha ezibalulekileyo zomthetho kunye norhulumente, kwakunye nezixhobo wamajoni yomkhosi wokumkani ukumkani ngokwakhe.

Guard nqaba kunye nobuncwane Empire British

ukhuseleko ekhethekileyo Tower yavela e 1485. inqaba Palace unogada igama Beefeaters (ukusuka IsiNgesi "yenkomo", gama elo elithetha "yenkomo"), kuba kule minyaka inzima ekutyeni yelizwe abalindi enesibindi kwiNqaba kuquka inxalenye enkulu inyama. Ngaloo ndlela IsiNgesi ezasebukhosini ngokwayo ngaphandle abavikeli ethembekileyo.

I Tower ibhotwe "reyvensmaster" (intsumpa amahlungulu), nenoxanduva yokunyamekela ngumhlambi ngamahlungulu ezihlala apho ke kuloo nqaba. Ilivo wamandulo uthi, ukuba ezi ntaka abamnyama ukushiya Tower of London, i-UK baya yelishwa. Ukuze Ingekalili musa abhabhe, namaphiko azo kuba wayenze isifungo.

Apho ke kuloo nqaba la ubuncwane koBukhosi baseBritani. Bona sasilindwa yi rangers ezizodwa. Iindwendwe bakwazi babubone zingazizinto bakomkhulu ukususela kwinkulungwane XVII. Phakathi izacholo odumileyo - nje enkulu ehlabathini ngayo diamond I. Kullian

Tower ibhulorho

Enye emehlweni ezukileyo England sidume Tower Bridge eLondon. Got igama layo ngenxa kufuphi enqabeni odumileyo. Le elivulekayo phezu iThames yakhiwa kwiminyaka 1886-1894. Ubude bayo kweemitha ezingama-244. Ulwakhiwo ibekwe phakathi ezinde zombini, ukuphakama - iimitha 65. Le ngxelo engundoqo linobude beemitha 61, yahlulelwe kwii amaphiko amabini leyo ibuzwe nge-engile 83 ° ukuba kuyimfuneko,. Iphiko ngalinye inobunzima obumalunga kwenkulungwane, Noko ke, ngenxa yokuhlangana counterweight okhethekileyo, eqhawule malunga ngomzuzu. Ekuqaleni olungu ngeli ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ngamanzi amanzi. Ngowe-1974, ukufuya mechanism kwebhulorho i sasifakwa ngombane drive.

Abahamba ngeenyawo niwele iibhulorho, nkqu karhulumente amanzi - oku apha phakathi izibonelelo ezibonelelwa loqhakamshelwano nenqaba nomphakamo 44 m igalari. Bayakwazi ukukhwela kwizinyuko, ibekwe ngaphakathi ezinde. Ngowe-1982, i galari waqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi kumgangatho ngokubona myuziyam. Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), London, asikho ethandwayo ngaphantsi kwenqaba odumileyo kakhulu.