Icelandic: a Imbali emfutshane kunye neempawu ngokubanzi pronunciation. Indlela ukufunda Icelandic?

Iceland - lizwe enkulu kunye ubutyebi bembali kunye nohlobo amahle kakhulu. Bayahlelwa ulwimi Icelandic ayikwazi kubizwa ngokuba zesiqhelo. Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba emva kokoyiswa kwenye imo kolunye ulwimi likarhulumente boyisiwe, njengoko umthetho, luyancipha koko shwaka, njengokuba kwathi eNorway, xa Danes sayoyisa lizwe. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Danes bezama ukungena ulwimi yelizwe lakhe, Icelandic, ndamelana kuphela Ukuhlasela lo Danish, kodwa wahlala ulwimi ikakhulu buncokola noncwadi. nje uluntu lwasemaphandleni akafuni ukwamkela, kuphela inxalenye Danish encinane abantu abafundileyo nako ndoqhayisa ulwazi. imisebenzi Icelandic kunye neeleta ebhaliweyo omnye komnye, waza waqalisa ukushicilela iincwadi.

imvelaphi

Icelandic - ulwimi kunye nembali enkulu. Libhekisela iqela le esiJamani iqelana kunye aseScandanavia. Imbali ulwimi Icelandic yaqala xa kwabantu bokuqala ukusuka Norway loni ilizwe Iceland kaThixo. beza ne Vikings kunye noncwadi. Ke ngo-1000 i-Iceland ubuKristu bafika emva kokuba kwabonakala ukubhalwa. Kungekudala emva koko, bekukho izibongo lokuqala Icelandic. Imisebenzi zaba kancane ugalelwe, iziza okuntsonkothileyo avule ezintsonkothileyo. ulwimi Icelandic iye ezifanayo ezininzi kunye Norwegian yaye ngenkulungwane XII, abazange ayahlukanga, njengoko Scandinavians oyisa Iceland. Ngaphambili ke wabiza Icelandic Danish, kuba yonk 'into oluchaphazelekayo Scandinavians amandulo, ukuba ziqwalaselwe yi-Danish.

Ummandla lonikezelo

Kule mihla ulwimi Icelandic ulwimi lwenkobe angaphezu kwama-450 amawaka abantu, uninzi lwabo abahlala Intshona Melika, Canada kunye Denmark. Ngaphandle Iceland, kukho ukwehla nenani lezithethi in Icelandic.

iimpawu Jikelele ulwimi

Enye lwimi endala uthathwa ukuba Icelandic. Imbali emfutshane kunye neempawu ngokubanzi kubonisa ukuba utshintsha ngokucotha kakhulu, akukho neze ngokuboleka kwezinye iilwimi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ke uhlala ezifana ulwimi Old kubaphangi. Formation amagama kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa indlela Isimamva, enefuthe elibi kunye tracings, oko kukuthi inguqulelo yokoqobo amagama eelwimi zasemzini ebolekiweyo. E Iceland, kukho nkqu umbutho ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukudala amagama ezilingana sele magama ezikhoyo. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe mazwe Icelandic Danish Icelandic baye benza konke okusemandleni ukuze ukuphelisa amazwi olunye ulwimi kubo.

An into umdla kukuba i-siseko engabhalwanga kwi-Icelandic njengolwimi olusemthethweni karhulumente. Ezi lwimi zokusebenza Danish, IsiSwedish kunye Norwegian. abafundi Icelandic ukufunda iilwimi ezimbini ezinyanzelekileyo: Danish kunye IsiNgesi.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba amagama abantu balapha luqulathe igama patronymic. Kuyinto isiko kwamazwe aseScandanavia. Igama eliphakathi wenziwe yegama katata kwimeko genitive kunye elithi "unyana" okanye "intombi". Ngamanye amaxesha zingasetyenziswa Igama sikanina. Ukwenzela ukuthintela ukubhideka, inokusetyenziswa igama uyisemkhulu lakhe. Iifani kuphela inani elincinane labantu. Emtshatweni umfazi ingathatha igama umyeni wakhe, ukuba ikhona.

nezendawo

Kukho nezendawo ezimbini kuphela:

• ngasentla;
• South.

Umahluko phakathi lwimi oluphawula ulwimi Icelandic, ezimazwi ayahluki kakhulu, yenza kucace ukuba iziyelelane ezisemantla nasempuma kufana uhlobo olwahlukileyo kwiintetho, ekubeni uphuhliso iziyelelane akulunganga kakhulu. Umahluko kuphela kukuba ngentetho emazantsi oonobumba p, t, k kugqame okwanamhlanje kunye preaspiratsiey, yaye ngasemntla kugqame njengoko qegu kunye aspirated.

zamagama

Ngokuqinisekileyo abanye bafuna ukuba bafunde ukufunda indlela ulwimi Icelandic, kuba akukho nje entle, kodwa uyayigubungela iziganeko ezinkulu kunye amabali Vikings nesibindi womelele. Oonobumba Icelandic koonobumba-32. Oku kusekelwe oonobumba umgangatho, wadala kwinkulungwane XIX. Kungekudala emva koko, ukuba unenzondelelo utshintsho. Ezinye iileta izandi yayintsha ulwimi Russian, ngoko ukufunda Icelandic, zikhangeleka nzima yaye bedidekile.

Iileta zilandelayo zisetyenziswa kuphela amagama abolekiweyo.

Le yokugqibela echaziweyo engasekho kusetyenziswa naphi na ngaphandle egameni iphephandaba lasekuhlaleni.

pronunciation

Okwangoku, xa kuthelekiswa kwinkulungwane XII-XII, ungabona indlela kukutshintsha isakhiwo amagama kunoba walitshintsha ulwimi Icelandic. Pronunciation ngandlela ethile eyahlukileyo kulo yintoni ngaphambili. Of ulwimi yanyamalala izikhamiso ngeempumlo, izikhamiso elide bezinze apho baye baba izandi ezibini wabonakala preaspiratsiya (Eskom). Kodwa inye into ayitshintshanga - inani elikhulu ukuguquguquka. Xa amazwi eseleyo lwefuthe igcinwe. Phambi ngezandi elide bezikhamiso ngokuyimfuneko elifutshane lwegama wagxininisa kunye anemfano umi phambi ngeqabane elifutshane. consonants pronunciation esekelwe ubunzulu kunye preasperatsii. izandi oluvakalisa ngolwimi azifumaneki, nezithulu kungenzeki rhoqo kakhulu. Lwegama yokuqala kusoloko ngombane. isimaphambili Unstressed - inqabile kakhulu kuba isenzeko Icelandic.

morphology

Abo baya bafunde ulwimi Icelandic, kufuneka wazi ukuba morphology ye ulwimi kakhulu ezahlukene ukusuka Russian. Kukho izibizo isinye nesininzi, kwakunye eyindoda, ababhinqileyo kunye neuter. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iilwimi yaseScandinavia ezininzi, nto leyo lula kakhulu ukuba inkqubo ukuyilwa ilizwi, ingakumbi declination bunini Icelandic wahlala enyanisekile namasiko alo. Ekubeni Iceland ukude ngaphaya eYurophu, ukwakweli mpumalanga, kunokwenzeka ukuba kulondolozwe ukufana i-Old namaNorse kunye neelwimi Icelandic.

Icelandic has iimeko ezine: yesivakalisi, genitive, wesenzo kunye dative. Izibizo ezithile inqaku kunye naye ke, nale nto. Kukho ngokuqinisekileyo kabini, apho inqaku wongezwa kwesibizo, kuxhomekeke ngokwesiseko ngokwegrama isindululo. Isakhiwo kufana ilizwi Russian, oko kukuthi, ingcambu yongezwe console eqhelekileyo. Isenzi luhlobo yethutyana, imali kunye tyekelo. Kukho kwakhona izenzi omeleleyo buthathaka. Zingakotshwa conjugated umntu kunye nenombolo.

amagama

Ekubeni ukubonakala ulwimi, nto leyo ngenkulungwane IX, akukho nto ingako iye yatshintsha. Oku kuthetha kuphela ukuba abantu balapha uyakwazi ukufunda imisebenzi on ulwimi Old kubaphangi ngokulula. Ukusuka iTestamente Entsha yaguqulelwa Icelandic ngowe-1540 waqalisa lasungulwa kunye nophuhliso. Ngenkulungwane XVIII, abantu balapha ugwilike ukosula ulwimi uze ubuyele ukusetyenziswa kwamagama ubudala. Ke ukuba la magama Icelandic ayanelanga ukuba libhekisela into entsha, kucetywa ukuba ukwenza kwabo iingcambu amandulo Icelandic nezimaphambili. Enkosi nakwiinguqulelo mihla isigama Icelandic phantse simahla ematyaleni amagama eelwimi zasemzini. Nangona uphuhliso olukhawulezayo inzululwazi nobugcisa, i-Iceland ngenyameko ukuze ishishini kunye amagama amatsha indawo amazwi isigama yakho endala. Ngoku, abaninzi amazwi zakhutshwa kanye ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa, ihlaziywe ngokungqinelana nemithetho yolwimi Icelandic, abuyiselwe balapha ngcembe bayaziqhela.