Isenzi njengenxalenye kwintetho

Isenzi ibizwa inxalenye enkulu ngentetho, nto leyo luchazwa ngumntu intshukumo okanye imeko. Isenzi in Russian, uphendula umbuzo othi "yintoni ntoni?", "Kwenzeka ntoni?" Yaye "ntoni?". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imbono ethile imeko okanye inyathelo isalamane: isenokuba mhlawumbi umsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni okanye intshukumo esithubeni kwaye imisebenzi izivamvo, okanye isimo sengqondo. Ukongeza, le nxalenye yale ntetho ichaza iinkqubo ingcinga, ukusekwa features ekubizweni intetho njalo njalo. Nangona umahluko kwiintsingiselo lungelelanisa, onke la mazwi categorical intsingiselo processuality.

Isenzi njengenxalenye abathetha zizityebi kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyo zegrama kunye neefom zabo okusegazini. Ukongeza kwezi ndidi ziqhelekilyo kwezinye izigaba zentetho (umntu didi, inombolo kunye nesini), isenzi kukuthi, unique kudidi yakhe (inkangeleko, isimo, ilizwi, ixesha).

iindidi Morphological of izigaba zentetho yahlukile kwifomu kuqamba. Ngoko ke, lo udidi kunye nohlobo izibambiso zizinto ezihamba zonke iintlobo ngamazwi, kunye nezinye iindidi morphological abanyamezele kuphela iintlobo ezithile. Udidi utyekelo obekwayo zonke izenzi udibaniso, Noko ke, akukho nto iyinqaba ukuya nethi, gerund kunye ebelidlula. Udidi kwexesha ezendeleyo iifom mood kuphela ngumqondiso, ngelixa udidi lwabantu na iintlobo yinqobo nayo kunyanzelekile. Inani kuqhelekile iintlobo zonke, ngaphandle kokuba uhlobo nethi le lokuqala, igrafu, kwaye sodidi kwi isinye - kuphela iintlobo mood esimo kwaye ixesha elidlulileyo baze participles.

Isenzi njengenxalenye yokuthetha iyahlula zonke iintlobo zawo zibe ngamaqela amabini: conjugated kunye unconjugated. Xa igrama academic iiklasi ezintathu iintlobo: ifomu conjugated, le nethi, gerund kunye ebelidlula. Ngelo xesha ngokuchasene iintlobo conjugated lwamaxabiso zegrama xesha, amanani, izimo, ubuso, uhlobo.

Ukutshintsha nesimilo izenzi namaxesha (kubonisa yesenzi), abantu (kubonisa kwaye kunyanzelekile), amanani kunye ukuzalwa kuthiwa conjugation, kunye neefom ukuba oko kwakhiwa - fomu conjugated.

Ngu uhlobo unconjugated yesenzi ziquka nethi, igrafu nemizobo kunye participles, ezahlukileyo izenzi udibaniso kulo ukuba akukho neentsingiselo inflectional ntetho. Noko ke, ngelo xesha, njengoko ento kunye infinitives thaca ifomu enye kuphela, umthendeleko ukuze njengochaswayo akananto namaxesha ziyahluka ngenani bakushiye.

Noko ke, iintlobo zezenzi kunye conjugated kwaye unconjugated adityaniswa kwiifomu kwinkqubo enye, njengoko bazenze zambi iimpawu ezifanayo, kuquka eqhelekileyo akananto akananto lungelelanisa nezakhiwo ezithile kunye nolawulo, ngokunjalo ithuba jikelele wamchazela sisihlomelo.

Isenzi njengenxalenye yokuthetha kwisivakalisi idla uvakalisa isivisa, Noko ke, umsebenzi syntactic, yena ubonisa, kuxhomekeke ukuma kwayo. uhlobo Conjugated yesenzi kuthiwa Isimaphambili, ukusukela ukuba isetyenziswe ezilula okanye isivisa compound ngomlomo. UMthendeleko bakhonza kwisivakalisi ekuvunyelwene inkcazelo, kwakunye yinxalenye encinane ye njengesivisa edityanisiweyo encinane. Ento ukuveza iimeko okanye isivisa eziziisekondari. Ento kunye participles, njengoko inika amalungu zasesekondari kuthiwa attributive.

Esithi - uhlobo lokuqala yesenzi - inokuba lilungu nasiphi na isindululo: intloko isivisa, yaye ilungu isitshixo izivakalisi bukathixo, nokuzimisela, kwaye zincedisana, nesimo. Esithi - fomu apho iziseko akhiwa phantse zonke iintlobo ngomlomo. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukususela yeentonga nethi Iifomu kwixesha elidlulileyo le mood olubonakalisiweyo, izenzi esimo, participles eyona wammela kwixesha langoku, elidlulileyo ebelidlula isixando mali kunye ento.

Isenzi njengenxalenye yokuthetha ibaluleke kakhulu ngolwimi, nguye kuba lowo lwenza isiseko salo naliphina isigwebo kwaye iyavakala yethu ezindindeneyo ngokupheleleyo.