Igosa likarhulumente wengingqi ngubani na? Amagosa kunye namagosa olawulo lwengingqi

Ulawulo lwasekhaya lwaseburhulumenteni (i-LSG) eRashiya lixazulula iingxaki kunye neengxaki zengingqi ebalulekileyo. Isakhiwo esikhethekileyo samalungu afanelekileyo sisekuhlaleni ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo. Imigaqo yokudala ezo ziko zibekwa ngumgaqo-siseko. Nangona kunjalo, imithombo ephambili yombuso wolawulo lolawulo lwengingqi zikarhulumente ngamagosa, abemi, imibutho yamanyano kunye neekholeji, ezivela kuzo iziphi iziphathamandla ezisemthethweni emsebenzini wazo .

Ulwazi oluqhelekileyo kumaziko e-LSG

Isakhiwo soburhulumente bodwa senziwa ngamalungu amaninzi ameleyo, phakathi kwabo ulawulo, intloko, isekela lesigqeba, ulawulo kunye namaziko okubala, njl. Ngokwemigaqo yecandelo elithile, iziphathamandla zesekondari zingabelwa ukujongana nemisebenzi ethile kwiinjongo zabo. Kwaye, nangakolunye uhlangothi, kunamagosa anyanzelekileyo kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni basekhaya-iteknoloji yokwakhiwa kwabo iyafana nakwezinye izakhiwo zikamasipala. Kuloluhlu, kunokwenzeka ukuchonga intloko yemfundo kunye nokulawulwa njengombutho olawulayo.

Unemiba yayo kunye nomyalelo wokunikezelwa kwamagunya. Ngokomzekelo, umqulu wezithili kunye nokuhlala, okuyiziko lokulawula isithili sipala, unokubonelela ngokunyusa kwamagunya alo mzimba. Okokuthi, ukubunjwa kolawulo lwezithili zendawo kuya kwenziwa ngendlela enje ukuba isikhungo solawulo siya kunikwa ngamagunya ebhunga elilawulayo le ndawo yokuhlala. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iindawo zokuhlala azinawo amaziko abo olawulo, kwaye intloko yabo yangaphakathi iqaliswa kumalungu kamasipala kamasipala kwaye iphinda isebenza njengosihlalo wayo. Njengoko kunokubonwa, imimiselo yendawo ingakwazi ukulungelelanisa inkqubo ehambelanayo, ngokubhekiselele kuwo amagosa karhulumente karhulumente wolawulo lwengingqi, amagosa kunye namaziko olawulo. Kodwa, umzekelo, umbutho wokuphendula, ukusekwa kwemimiselo yeofisi, ukulawulwa kunye neminye imiba yentlangano ebalulekileyo imiselwe kuphela ngumthetho kwizifundo zeRussian Federation.

Ulawulo lwengingqi

Isisombululo esisisisombululo seengxaki zengingqi kukulawula. Lo mzimba ulawulo kwaye unikwe amandla okwaneleyo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile yelizwe, edluliselwa kwabasemagunyeni ngemimiselo nemithetho yeRussian Federation. Ukususela kumbono wezomthetho, ulawulo lwendawo luyi-jur. Umntu, oko kukuthi, unikwe onke amalungelo akhe. Kwimiqathango ethile yamagunya ayo, ulawulo lungabandakanyeka ekubunjweni kwamandla karhulumente, kwinqanaba namagosa olawulo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubunjwa kolawulo lwengingqi lusekwe ngumasipala, kunye nesiphakamiso senhloko yalo.

Ngaloo nto, intloko ingatyunjwa ngabameli bekomiti yokukhuphisana. Oku kunjalo, ngenye indlela, ilungu elivumela ukuba libe nesakhiwo solawulo lolawulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwizithili zikamasipala, oomasipala kunye nokwakhiwa kwenkqubo ye-federal, ubuncinci inxalenye enkulu yabameli bekhomishini baya kuqeshwa ngamagunya kamasipala. Inxalenye yesibini yabameli bekhomishini yenziwa ngumphathi ophezulu kwisifundo esithile. Ukuba ngumbuzo wezinto ezisemaphandleni ezisekuhlaleni, enye inxalenye yekhomishoni yokhetho iya kuqeshwa ngamagunya kunye namagosa olawulo lolawulo lwengingqi, kwaye yesibini-isikhungo sokulawula kwisithili sesithili okanye kwisithili.

Ziziphi izithuba ze-LSG?

Inhloko ekhankanywe ngentla ye-management, intloko yesakhiwo sikamasipala kunye namagosa kufuneka ahanjiswe kumagosa athe ngqo kule sakhiwo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisimo, bafumana isethi ethile yamagunya kunye nokuthwala uxanduva kwimida ebekwa ngumthetho. Kukho nawuphi na, igosa likarhulumente wengingqi ngumntu onesivumelwano okanye umntu okhethiweyo onamandla okulawula kunye nokulawula ukusombulula iingxaki zengingqi. Kwezinye iimeko, igosa linokuthatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni kwamalungu e-LSG ngamnye. Njengoko sele kuphawuliwe, banokumela amalungu kumishishini okukhuphisana. Kwakhona kukho iphantsi kwesekela kwisikhundla se-LSG.

Iiofisi ezikhethiweyo zibeka phambili ukhetho lomntu kwindawo ethile ngokusekelwe kumthetho wokhetho. Ukhetho lwenziwa kwinkqubo yokuvota ngasese. Enye indlela kule ndlela yokubamba isithuba kukuqeshwa komzimba omele okanye ikhomishoni yokukhuphisana. Ngokubhekiselele kwisivumelwano, ngokuqhelekileyo kule fomethi, amagosa olawulo lwasekhaya lwaseRussia abahlala kwizithuba zeentloko zolawulo lwengingqi. Ubude besikontraka bunqunywe ngumasipala kamasipala, kodwa kwithuba elingaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2.

Intloko kamasipala

Esi sisona sithuba esiphezulu kwisakhiwo sokwakheka koomasipala, sinikwe uluhlu lwawo lwamandla phantsi komthetho kwizifundo zeRussian Federation. Inhloko inokukhethwa kwisakhelo sotyulo likamasipala ngabameli bekomiti yokukhuphisana okanye abameleli benye yequmrhu le-LSG lendawo. Kwiindawo zokuhlala ezincinci ezibandakanya kwiziseko zasezidolophini, igosa eliphambili likarhulumente wengingqi, ngokwenene, intloko yolawulo eliqeshwe ngumbutho wabemi. Ukuba ukhethwe kwinqanaba likamasipala, intloko ifakwe kummeli omele umasipala kwaye usebenza njengosihlalo walo. Nangona kunjalo, lo mntu akakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yintloko yentloko kunye nosihlalo kamasipala ngexesha elinye.

Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba akusiyo wonke ummi onokukhethwa kwisikhundla sosihlalo ngokubunjwa koomasipala. Kumele kube ngummi waseRussia Federation, owathi ngexesha lokhetho ludibana neemfuno zomthetho uN 171. Ukuba ukhetho luqhutyelwa yikomishoni yokukhuphisana, kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane abafundi ababhalisiwe. Kwakhona, iimeko zokhuphiswano zingabandakanya iimfuno zezakhono zobugcisa, apho igosa likarhulumente wengingqi liya kuhlolwa. Umthetho phantsi kwenani le-171 uvumela ukuba kubekho ukulungelelanisa ukhetho lomviwa ngokubhekiselele kwimigaqo yokufumana imfundo nolwazi, olukhethwayo kwisimo kwenkqubo yoorhulumente wengingqi.

AbaDluli kwiLSG

Iphini i-ofisi ekhethiweyo, enikezelwa ngeemeko zokusetyenziswa kwamandla othe ngqo. Ixesha lokunyulwa kweli phetho likhethwa ngumasipala wasekuhlaleni, kodwa kufuneka lihluke phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-5. Umthetho ngezifundo zeRussian Federation inikezela ithuba lokuba utshintshe ixesha le-ofisi yamasekela, amandla kunye nenkqubo yonyulo. Kodwa oku kusebenza kubaphathi abakhethiweyo. Kwaye kubakho kubalulekile ukwahlula isimo salo sithuba kwiintlobo ezimbini. Njengomthetho, isekela ligosa elikhethiweyo likarhulumente-basekhaya, owenza umsebenzi oqhelekileyo kwisakhelo somqulu. Kwakhona unokumelwa njengelungu lephini likamasipala elimele umasipala, oko kungasisigxina kusetyenziswa amandla akhe.

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba nawaphi na amagunya asekela aqinisekisiwe kwiimigangatho eyahlukeneyo ngumqulu womasipala wasekuhlaleni. Ukongezelela, phantsi komthetho, iziqinisekiso zentlalo nazo zinokumiselwa njengesongezelelo-umzekelo, ezihlobene nokupheliswa kwamagunya. Ngokukodwa ukwandiswa kweziqinisekiso kukuxhalabisa amaxesha xa amagunya egosa likarhulumente wengingqi aphela kusenesikhathi. Kwinkqubo yokuzalisekisa imisebenzi yabo, abaphathi bayalawulwa ukuba bagcine imiqathango kunye nemingcipheko, echazwe kumthetho uN 273-FZ. Ngokukodwa, oku kubhekisela kumanyathelo olwaphulo-mthetho.

Amandla Amagosa

Ngokumalunga namasekela, amagunya abo akhokelwa ngamathuba okumela iimfuno zabemi baseDuma. Njengengxenye yemisebenzi yabo, baqhuba ukwamkelwa kwabavoti, baququze iintlanganiso kunye nabameli be-public, imibutho yabasebenzi, imibutho yabasebenzi, njl. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphini likwamelela nomzimba wakhe we-LSG phambi kwabavoti kwisithili sakhe. Inhloko yesakhiwo sikamasipala inegunya elininzi. Okokuqala, limelela nomzimba we-self-government, kodwa sele sele ulwalamano kunye nabanye oomasipala kunye nabasemagunyeni. Unako ukwenza ngaphandle kwegunya egameni lomasipala wakhe. Kanye kunye nalokhu, amagunya amagosa aseburhulumenteni basekuhlaleni asemagunyeni asemakhanda avumela ukutyikitywa kunye nokupapashwa kwamaxwebhu ngezenzo eziqhelekileyo ezamkelwa yiziko likaMasipala. Ngomda othile, unokukhupha izinto zakhe. Ukuba kunyanzelekile, intloko yeorhulumente wengingqi nayo inelungelo lokudibanisa iintlanganiso ezingenakulungiswa zomzimba kamasipala ukulungisa imiba engaqhelekanga kwinqanaba lendawo. Amandla eenkosana zolawulo lokuzimela kunye namagosa amagosa amisa ngexesha lokunyulwa kwezi zithuba zabanye abantu.

Uxanduva lwamagosa karhulumente wengingqi

Bobabini izakhiwo zolawulo lwe-LSG kunye namagosa ahlukeneyo, ukuba bayaphambukela kwiimimiselo ezisungulwe ngumthetho kunye nemimiselo, banokuhlawulwa ngamagatya athile. Ngokuphathelele izizathu, zisekelwe kwi-charter yemfundo ethile, elawulwa ngumthetho kwizifundo zeRussian Federation. Kwisakhelo semigangatho esemthethweni, umzekelo, uluntu lomasipala luyakhumbula isekela okanye iqumrhu. Ngaphantsi kwesi sicwangciso esifanayo, uxanduva lwamagosa kunye namagosa olawulo lolawulo lwengingqi ngokumalunga nezakhiwo zombuso liqinisekisiwe, kuphela kule meko umgangatho wokuphunyezwa kwemiyalelo ngqo evela kumagosa aphezulu nawo. Ukuphulwa kwabo kungaba sisizathu sokuzisa uxanduva kumthetho. Ukuba inkundla echaphazelekayo inquma ukuba ummeli omele, umzekelo, uye wamkela isenzo esichasene nemithetho yeRussia Federation okanye ummiselo wendawo, ngoko intloko ephakamileyo yezinto ezilawulayo iyakunqumla lo mzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba uxanduva lwamagosa kunye namagosa olawulo lolawulo lwengingqi luluntu lukhulu kakhulu lubekwe ngumgangatho kunye neqilima ekusebenziseni igunya. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ithathe ingqwalasela ixesha elithile apho izigqibo malunga noxanduva lwenziwa. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokukhishwa kwesenzo somthetho esichasene nomthetho, umbutho oseburhulumenteni okanye urhulumente onokuzimela unokuphepha ukunyanzelisa ukuba emva kweenyanga ezintathu uxwebhu luphelile.

Yiyiphi imiba urhulumente wengingqi uyisombulula?

Kuye kwaphawulwa ngaphezu kweyodwa ukuba amagosa kunye namacandelo olawulo lolawulo lwengingqi asebenza ngokusombulula iingxaki zengingqi. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwazo luyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi. Imiba eqhelekileyo ingathunyelwa ekuqwalaselweni kwebhajethi, imvume yabo, ukulawula nokusebenza kwenkcitho. Ngendlela, kukho uxanduva lwamagosa kunye namagosa olawulo lolawulo lwengingqi, ukuza xa kulungiswa ukuphulwa kwindlela yokuqhuba imisebenzi yokuphendula. Nantsi kubalulekile ukuphawula ukusekwa nokulungiswa kwenkqubo yokuqokelela irhafu, enezinto ezizimeleyo ngokuxhomekeke kummandla.

Eminye imiba ichaphazela ukulahlwa kwepropathi enomntu othile. Amagunya asekuhlaleni ajongana neengxaki zokulungelelanisa unxibelelwano nonxibelelwano lwamanethiwekhi-igesi, ukufudumala, amanzi, njl. Imisebenzi yasendleleni iphantsi kwesikhokelo sikarhulumente wengingqi - ubuncinci kwicandelo elikufutshane leendlela. Ngokuxhomekeke kwigosa eliqeshwe okanye elikhethiweyo, urhulumente wengingqi okanye olunye ulawulo loomasipala, oomishinala kufuneka bajonge imeko kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ngaphakathi kwemida yeendawo zokuhlala.

Iintlanganiso zabahlali njengesixhobo sokuzimela

Abemi abaqhelekileyo banokuthi bathathe inxaxheba ekusebenziseni urhulumente, kwaye kungekhona kuphela ukhetho. Ngaphakathi kwesakhelo somthetho, ifomathi yokubambisana kweembambano zibonelelwa, ezinokuthi zenziwe kwiimeko ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, isizathu sokuqokelela eso siqoqo sinokuba ngumcimbi wokulungisa imida yolawulo, olubandakanya indawo ethile. Oku kunyanisekileyo xa umbuzo uphakanyiswa malunga nokutshintshwa kweendawo zokuhlala okanye isithili ukususela kwisakhiwo esisodwa ukuya kwesinye. Kwakhona, kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nabantu abangaphezu kwe-100, umba wokupheliswa komhla wokuhlala, ngaphandle kokuba kubekho ukuhlaliswa kwabantu abemi ngokutsha, nako kusombululwa. Ingakumbi, intlanganiso ayifuni ukuba negunya lomthetho. Intando yentlanganiso inokubanjelwa ligosa elikhethiweyo likarhulumente wengingqi - ingaba yisekela elifanayo eliza kubonakalisa isigqibo esivumelweneyo kwiintlanganiso ezilandelayo zeDuma. Ukuba kucetywayo ukunika iimeko ezisemthethweni kwisigqibo esithathwe ngumbuthano ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwabalamli, umyalelo uchaza ukuba imeko engaphezu kwesigamu samalungu ebandla kufuneka abe nelungelo lokuvota njengabahlali beendawo zokuhlala. Ukongezelela, isigqibo siya kulungeleka ukuba ngaphezulu kwesigqibo sabathathi-nxaxheba kwintlanganiso bavota.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula kunye nolunye uhlobo lokuthatha izigqibo - kwinqanaba langaphakathi, isixhobo esinjenge-referendum sinokusetyenziswa kakuhle. Ukuze kuphunyezwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nenani elaneleyo labahlali bendawo, abafumana ithuba lokuvota ngexesha elifanayo. Izigqibo ngokwazo akufanele ziphikisana nemithetho, kunye ne-charter yangoku yenziwe ngumasipala. Kwaye, kwakhona, ukhetho lokuqhuba iqhinga ngokusebenzisa isekela aliswanga ngaphandle.

Isiphelo

Imithetho ichaza ngokucacileyo imigangatho kunye nenkqubo yokuphunyezwa kobuqu, kunye nokubunjwa kwesakhiwo sayo. Kodwa kukho indawo yokulungisa imigaqo ethile ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zendawo kunye neemeko zangoku. Ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezinjalo, imimiselo yenziwe, ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamagunya olawulo lwamaqumrhu karhulumente, ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokugxininisa kuMgaqo-siseko kunye nemithetho esebenzayo. Amathuba omntu ngamnye ekuphunyezweni kwemisebenzi yolawulo, umzekelo, unokubonakaliswa ekumiseni ixesha ekufuneka likhethwe ligosa likarhulumente wengingqi - oku kungaba yiminyaka emi-2 kunye neminyaka emi-5. Ukukhethwa kwexesha elithile liza kugqitywa ngumbandela wezoqoqosho, umgaqo-nkqubo wabasebenzi, njl. Ngaphezulu koko, kumanyeneyo, nakwizinga lomthetho, iimeko ezizodwa zokubambisa urhulumente wobuqu zichazwe. Imithetho enjalo iyasebenza, ngokukodwa, kwiidolophu zenzululwazi, ukuvulwa kwamaziko olawulo kunye nemimandla, kwimimandla emida, njl. Ngaphezulu, ukulungiswa komqulu ofanayo kwiimeko ezinjalo akupheleli nje kuphela indlela evamile yokumisela umbutho ngokwawo ekubunjweni kwamabhunga kunye namagosa kwisakhiwo sokwakheka koomasipala, kodwa kwaye Izibonelelo ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ukwenza isicwangciso somsebenzi wezoqoqosho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho imimiselo eqhelekileyo yomgaqo-karhulumente karhulumente, echaphazela imimandla ethile.