Abantu abaninzi, kwanabo ithanda kuye, akazazi leediliya - isiqhamo okanye amaqunube. Le mveliso, ngaphandle apho imbali yoluntu akwazi ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu, ikhule kumazwe eyahlukileyo ngaphezu kwamawaka-7. Iminyaka. Kulo mzekelo, abalimi zange awukhathalele, iidiliya - yinto iziqhamo okanye amaqunube. Kubo ke kubalulekile ukuba waba ezininzi iipropati luncedo womntu.
Inkcazelo iidiliya
Le zesityalo sodidi Vitis, ukubayinxalenye usapho Vitaceae Juss. Namagatya akhe, lafikelela ubude beemitha eziliqela, eyaziwa njengomdiliya. Ekubeni iidiliya - yinto isiqhamo okanye amaqunube? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ayintsonkothanga. Ngokuba zonke iimpawu zayo morphological iziqhamo lwezityalo berry. neentyantyambo zaso ezincinane eziqokelelwe ibe embalini ezincinane (ibrashi ezintsonkothileyo okanye nomtshayelo). Iidiliya ingumoya-ezimvumvuzelwa, nangona oko ezimvumvuzelwa nezinambuzane. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi iintyatyambo: Italasi, into eyindoda, abenemfundo eyindoda, esobukhomokazi ngokwenene, onemfundo ababhinqileyo. Konke kuxhomekeke iqondo kuphuhliso iinxalenye zayo inkunzi nemazi. Iidiliya amahle ngokukhawuleza ungena fruiting isigaba. Yena ukungafuni emhlabeni, ngoko ke ekhula kakuhle nokuba kwimihlaba eweni. Iidiliya has a bhetyebhetye elungileyo kakhulu emelana neembalela.
Imvelaphi kweediliya
Kukho izimvo eziliqela malunga indawo awazalelwa yeediliya. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo omnye, lo khona esi sityalo emangalisayo kuthathwa ukuba Asia Minor. Kwelinye - neCaucasus kunye nonxweme lweMeditera. Kule yidiliya zasendle iifom ziye zasasazwa kulo lonke ihlabathi elide phambi kokuba imbonakalo iifom zawo zenkcubeko. Iimbewu bafumanisa zakudala zibonisa ukuba iidiliya akhule on Earth kwiminyaka yezigidi-60 eyadlulayo. Lweentlobo 250 zezityalo, eqhelekileyo kwimimandla yimvula sabutropikhi zombini zifaka, kukho ezingaphezu kwama-70 ikhula kwimozulu epholileyo nefudumeleyo yoMntla saseNtla.
Ukwahluka of
Iidiliya, iifoto ezibonisa inani elikhulu eentlobo zayo emaXhoseni, amawaka eminyaka ubudala zaye ekhethiweyo. Ngelo xesha indoda inye wafuna ukuba nkulu iimpawu zesondlo kwisiqhamo esi sityalo. Okwangoku, sirhoxiswe malunga 3 amawaka. Ntlobo Ezahlukeneyo. idiliya uphawu ixhomekeke ezininzi iparameters. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezininzi amaqela ayo. Kuxhomekeka mihlaba kunye iidiliya nenjongo zahlulwe iintlobo zobugcisa, ukutya, enemisebenzi futhi seedless. Kwakhona kwahluka ngokwemiqathango uqolile. Kukho iintlobo emva kwexesha nasekuqaleni.
Iimpawu zeediliya
Xa ubungakanani amaqunube esi sityalo nazo zahluke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, abaninzi kubo abe omncinci engaphantsi kwe-10 mm. Bona elandelwa, eliphakathi amaqunube amancinci, ezinkulu. Ubukhulu be inkulu kudla mkhulu kwe-25 mm. Kanye njengokuba ezohlukeneyo kunye nemibala zeediliya. Iingcali ukwahlula oluhlaza ukukhanya, ezipinki, obomvu, evuthiweyo, omthubi, oluhlaza, nemfusa, iintlobo abamnyama. Ahlangene amaqunube abagubungela ukutyabeka angwevu, anencindi ebizwa pruinom. Kunokuba angamarhoqorhoqo, noxhamla ubuncwane okanye ubukhulu kwaye womelele. Ukususela sakhiwo yayo ixhomekeke isakhono seediliya egcinwe, zokonakala, ize nozinzo yayo incasa. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka nje kuphela umbala namaqunube, kodwa indlela yabo. Bayakwazi ibe mbhoxo, ngeenxa zonke, ovoid, atshabalalisa okanye evuthelweyo. Iidiliya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingafaniyo enyameni yabo. Kunokuba ashinyeneyo, soft, upholile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba amhlophe nje kuphela kuba izinto ekrwada ekuveliseni ukukhanya sewayini kunye ayo. Bona ezenziwe amaqunube ukuba abe isikhumba esimnyama. iintlobo ezininzi incindi yeediliya phantse enemibala emihle, kodwa kukwakho amaqunube mnyama, naye yena mbala iwayini-ebomvu.
berry quality Taste
Kakade leediliya - it isiqhamo okanye namaqunube, yaye ngoku kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo umgangatho iziqhamo zawo. Nangona iyantlukwano kwezityalo, iingcali bahlule phakathi kwamaqela amakhulu ambalwa, lumanyanisa iintlobo incasa efanayo, kuquka:
• efanayo (cala) ukudibanisa acid kunye ubumnandi, kodwa ukuba naziphi na iimpawu ezikhethekileyo;
• Solanaceae, nasongo iziqhamo lwezityalo herbaceous;
• Muscat - incasa onamandla iimpawu;
• Isabella, apho ivumba istrawberry, blackcurrant kunye nepayina nokuba ido- yangaphakathi.
Ukukhulisa iidiliya
Phantse wonke umntu uyazi ukuba iidiliya ikhaya becala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza incindi, yathamba iziqhamo kunye newayini. Noko ke, udla wenza kunye nendima zokuhombisa isityalo ukwenyuka ngenxa gazebos yolwabiwo, arbors kunye pergolas. Xa imiyezo ekhaya, iintlobo yasebusika-zilwanyana ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu, umdiliya ogama ukufikelela iimitha eziliqela ubude. Ngelishwa, inkoliso itafile iintlobo ezingafanelekanga ukulima ngale ndlela. Xa iimeko zethu zemozulu impumelelo ngokulinywa iidiliya ixhomekeke Indawo esikuyo iindleko lali kunye eziphathekayo. In kwimimandla ekumzantsi, esi sityalo lutyalwa emhlabeni evulekileyo phezu trellis. Kwisibanzi ngaphezulu emantla, itafile iintlobo kakuhle kudla ezikhuliselwe zokugcina ezizodwa itshiswe ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kokwindla. Ubukhulu benani izakhiwo ezinjalo: ubude - 2.5 m; ukuphakama -. 2.1 m Ezinye sabenzi bakhule iintlobo ubushushu-bothando kunye ekhanyayo. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka usike rhoqo imidiliya, ukuyeka ukukhula kwayo, ekubeni ubusika kufuneka yokuhlala kuye kukugodola, bethabathe amalaphu kunye nokubekwa phezu komhlaba. imingxuma dig abaninzi amancinci, apho ibekwe kakuhle izityalo, zigqunyiwe bakhe izinto somfundisi (yekhadibhodi, chips imithi, ingca eyomileyo) wayifulela kunye nomhlaba. Le inshorensi ikuvumela ukugcina komdiliya bunjalo kwanaphantsi yeqabaka enzima. Enye into ezibi ukunqanda ukuguga ubushushu-onothando kwiintlobo kweediliya, kukunqongophala ukukhanya bendalo. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kweemeko zemozulu esibi, berry sinokuhlala eluhlaza de kuSeptemba okanye ku-Oktobha. Bookmark isidiliya na imigaqo ethile. Kufuneka akutyalwa amabakala ezinamandla-yaye slaboroslyh kunye, kufuneka ngokwahlukileyo abekwe neukryvnyh kunye mizekelo igqubuthelayo, basengozini ngokulula kwizifo kwaye abanganyangekiyo kubo, ngasekupheleni nasekuqaleni. Le isityalo kufuneka phantsi zokuthena (emthonjeni kunye ekwindla). Oku kususa onke amasetyana iidiliya yomdiliya kunye nokukhula obuthathaka, nevyzrevshie yonyaka. isivuno Excellent unike kuphela amahlumelo olomeleleyo. Kwakhona ngexesha ehlotyeni, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukususa amahlumelo kukhula emva ngaphezu izihloko ezinkulu esiqwini lonyaka ophelileyo, njengoko ukukhula omtsha "asitsala incindi" isityalo ngokwayo, nokuthintela ekukhuleni berry.
ukusebenzisa berry
iidiliya Table kwahluka incasa elihle, ngoko ke zenzelwe ukuba ityiwe entsha. Ezinye iintlobo iyoma ekuveliseni sultanas kunye neerasentyisi. Uninzi iidiliya baphele wathumela okusingatha kwimveliso incindi kunye newayini. Ekubeni berry esi sityalo lo kuthiwa yintshatsheli zesi siqulatho iswekile (25-30%) kunye nokwakhiwa qualitative, zonke iimveliso ziluncedo kakhulu ngabantu. Xa seediliya ezimbiwa, izinto zendalo (iswekile, ityuwa, potassium) kunye neevithamini (A, B1, B2, B6, C, PP), ngoko ke isoloko isetyenziselwa iinjongo umbala nezinyangayo. Sebenzisa iidiliya kunceda uxinzelelo yomsebenzi, kungengokwentlambululo yendawo yencindi ngokuma, kuphucula imeko yesikhumba. iidiliya Table, iye enkulu, izixa ezintle amaqunube kunye ido- nenyama, abe incasa ukuvumelana. Oku kungenxa isiqulatho ifanelekileyo iswekile lula ukutya kunye asidi. iintlobo ezininzi yetafile abathuthwayo kakuhle kwaye kugcinwe ixesha elide phantsi kweemeko zivuma. Nangona ukubaluleka iidiliya, oko contraindicated abantu ukubandezeleka seswekile, ukuphazamiseka zosulele isisu, nokutyeba kunye zezifo duodenum.
lokwanda iidiliya
Le sesityalo yezeka (ngokuthi emva komnye, izithole). Kwezinye iimeko, kuba ukusetyenziswa abalimi bezityalo kunye nembewu entsha, kodwa kule meko iidiliya ixesha elide akayi kuthwala iziqhamo. Amaninzi, izithole yenzelwe ukuvelisa iintlobo ezintsha. iidiliya ezityalwe kwindawo kwindawo enelanga (ezantsi, mpuma, kumzantsi). Le ubushushu isityalo ifumana, ngcono umgangatho berry kunye nesivuno ephakamileyo. Umhlaba lingaba naliphi na ngaphandle umgxobhozo wetyuwa. Kananjalo kufuneka ukuba umgxobhozo kunye amanzi. Amaninzi, kuncothulwa izithole etyalwe kwindawo evulekileyo entwasahlobo, kodwa ukuba nezityalo yenziwe kakuhle kakhulu, kuvumelekile kunye nokutyalwa ekwindla. Ekubeni uninzi iingcambu beediliya abakwiindawo 20-40 cm phezu komhlaba, izityalo ityalwa kubunzulu ka-0.4 m Umgama phakathi kwabo - .. Xa iidiliya 1.5-2 m Etyelwe imiqolo, ububanzi yazo kufuneka ibe ubuncinane 2 m.
izinambuzane beediliya
Ngelishwa, le sityalo uthambekele kakhulu ukuba izifo nezinambuzane. Kuyingozi kakhulu lwazo nangexoshomba, ngumngundo ezingwevu, angumgubo nangexoshomba, iintsholongwane, banga ziinkumbi ziibhakteriya, mealybug, phylloxera, grozdevoy amagqabi. kuzichanaba izifo kweediliya kukhokelela imfuneko ukumisela iiarhente unyango lwekhemikhali ekhethekileyo izityalo zothintelo kunye nonyango.