IiKoloni zaseJamani: imbali yokwandiswa kwendawo

Amazwe aseJalimane ukususela ngekhulu le-16 afune ukulawula iYurophu. Ngenxa yoko babefanele bathathwe ngamagunya anjengeNgilani, eFransi, eSpain naseMbusweni waseRussia. Ngamanye ala mazwe aphethe amaqoloni awo ehlabathini lonke, enika iingenelo ezinkulu. Iikholomu zaseJamani zabonakala emva kwezinye amazwe.

Isizathu salo kwakuyindawo yokuhlala, ukusabalalisa kwamazwe aseJamani kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle.

Iikoloni zokuqala

Kuze kube ngumnyaka we-18, abantu baseJamani babengenalo urhulumente wesizwe. Ngokusemthethweni, ininzi yemimandla yehlabathi elibizwa ngokuba yiJalimane (amazwe ahlala ngamaJamani) yayiyinxalenye yoBukumkani BamaRoma Oyingcwele kwaye ilawulwa ngumlawuli. Kodwa ubukhulu becala bububuthakathaka kakhulu, inqununu ngayinye yayinokuzimela okukhulu kwaye ngokwayo iyasungula imiyalelo ye-self-government local. Ngokweemeko ezinjalo kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba ulungelelanise amanye amazwe, afuna iimithombo ezinkulu kunye nemigudu. Ngoko ke, i-colony yokuqala yaseJamani yenziwa "yanikelwa".

UKumkani waseSpain, owawuyingxenye yoBukumkani boBukumkani baseRoma, uCharles wayeboleke imali eninzi ngemigangatho yelo xesha kwizindlu zebhanki zaseburhulumenteni yaseBrandenburg. Njengoko wayeyilumkiso kwaye wayethembisa, uCharles wanika amaJamani i-coloni yakhe -Venezuela. EJamani, eli lizwe laziwa ngokuba nguKlein-Venedig. AmaJamani amisela abalawuli bawo kwaye alawula ukuhanjiswa kwezibonelelo. I-Spain nayo yaxolela abahwebi emsebenzini wabo ityuwa.

Iingxaki

Uvavanyo lokuqala aluphumelelanga. Abantu baseJamani abasemhlabeni babengazange bajongane nemiba yenhlangano, babenomdla kuphela. Ngoko ke, elowo wayebandakanyekile ekuphangi nasekunyuseni ngokukhawuleza kwilizwe lakhe. Akukho mntu wayefuna ukubona ithemba lokuphuhlisa umhlaba omtsha, ukwakha imizi okanye ukudala ubuncinci amaziko asekuhlaleni. Inkoliso ye-colonialists yaseJalimane yayibandakanyekile kwi-trade slave kunye nokukhutshwa kwezibonelelo. Inkosi yaseSpain yaxelelwa ukuba abalawuli beendawo zokuhlala bafuna ukungafuneki umgaqo-nkqubo ongafanelekanga, kodwa uKar akakwazanga ukwenza ngokuzimisela, kuba wayenetyala le-Augsburgs. Kodwa ukungabikho komthetho kwaseJamani kwabangela ukuchasana okubonakalayo kwabemi baseSpain namaNdiya.

Uchungechunge lweemvukelo, kunye nokunciphisa ngokuqhelekileyo kweVenice encinci, unyanzelekile uKarl ukuba athathe amaJamani.

IiKoloni ezintsha

Emva kwesi siganeko, ii-colonies zaseJamani zafumana abaphathi abafanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwemithombo ngandlela-thile kwathintela umthamo womhlaba, ngoko ke ukufunyanwa kwemimandla eyona nto ifunyenwe kwamanye amazwe. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, kwakunzima ukufumana umhlaba, kuba kwakukho amakhulu amanyathelo ahlukeneyo karhulumente ahlukeneyo kwimimandla yempembelelo phakathi kweemitha zokuqala ezikhoyo. Ama-colonies aseJamani ayesetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

Kodwa ekufikeni kwamandla ka- Otto von Bismarck, ama -colonies aseJamani ayekho. Lawa awamancinci aseAfrika, amaCaribbean kunye neMzantsi Melika. Ininzi yabo yafunyanwa ngenxa yentsebenziswano namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Abaninzi bathengwa okanye baqeshwe ngemali.

IiKoloni zaseJamani ngaphambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala

Ukuqala kokulawula kwesikhansela "sensimbi" kwaphawulwa ngumgaqo-nkqubo wekholoni. UBismarck wabona ukuba yingozi enkulu eJamani, ekubeni kwakukho umhlaba ongenakubonakaliswa, kwaye ubukhosi bwandisa ukubamba kwabo, iikholoni zaseJamani zingaba sisikhubekiso eBrithani, eFransi naseRashiya. Umgaqo-nkqubo weBismarck wawusekelwe kwiintsebenziswano zoxolo namanye amazwe. Kwaye iinzuzo zezoqoqosho ezivela kwiikholoni zazingathandabuzeki, ngoko ke kwagqitywa ekubeni ziwashiye ngokupheleleyo. Nangona abanye abantu abazimeleyo bekhatyathele ngaphandle kweAfrika. Iikholoni zaseJamani zazingundoqo kwilizwekazikazi.

Emva kokuhamba kukaBismarck kwisithuba seCancellor eJamani, umba wamaKoloni waphinde wavuswa. UWilhelm II wathembisa ukukhusela i-state kubo bonke abakoloni. Oku kuye kwabangela inkqubo, ngakumbi e-Afrika nase-Asia. Olu hlobo lugcinwa kwaze kwagqitywa imfazwe. Kuphela iminyaka engama-4 ngokubanzi lonke uqoqosho lwaseJamani lusetyenziswa kuphela ngaphambili. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, inkxaso kunye nokukhuthazwa kwamakoloni kwakungenakwenzeka. Kwaye emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwimfazwe kunye noMnqophiso weVersailles, iiAllies zahlula phakathi kwazo zonke iikhosi zaseJamani. Inkulungwane yeshumi lama-20 ekugqibeleni yalahla amazwe aseJamani obume be-metropolis.