Iimpawu, iimpawu kunye nenqobo yokugweba zezinto eziphilayo. Yintoni inkqubo live?

Long ukususela, izazinzulu baye bazama ukuchaza ingqikelelo 'ubomi. " Kodwa kunzima, kuba eziphilayo kulo umhlaba, zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Zeziphi iindlela lweenkqubo abahlala kunye awohluke of ukusebenza kwawo, uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Yintoni le nkqubo

System luluhlu lweziqalelo abaqhagamshelwe ngokokulandelelana. Loo isakhiwo kuqinisekisa ingqibelelo yabo kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza. Ngomhla ngemvelaphi kwinkqubo iisoyi kunye zendalo. Iqela lokuqala kuquka zonke izakhiwo wadala umntu. Imizekelo awo zohlukile iintlanti yosiba ukuba amafu. Uyavuma, ngolokuqala yaye kwimeko yesibini, onke amacandelo ale mixokomelwano kuxhomekeke yepateni ecacileyo enxulumene ngendlela ethile. ukuphazamiseka yabo encane ungatshintsha indlela imisebenzi yonke.

iinkqubo Living - zonke izigqeba asirhawule, kodwa ebingaqhelanga ukwnziwa yi ndoda. Bona i "imisebenzi" endalo. iseli engabonakali amoeba, Conifers isigebenga, iminenga emikhulu oluhlaza - zonke zezinto eziphilayo. Kwezi izinto ukwenza ukuba lukhulu lweziqalelo ukuba basebenzisane ngendlela ethile kunye nabanye. Zeziphi iindlela jikelele zezinto eziphilayo? Kwaye ukuba oku kubhekisela ingqikelelo globules protein okanye iimolekyuli amanzi? Ngenxa yokuba nazo zibandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene ngokokulandelelana. Izazinzulu bathi bayakholelwa ukuba ubomi nje iseti leziqalelo ezivalekileyo kubume zeselula.

Amanqanaba mbutho lweenkqubo zokuphila

Iindlela Ukuhlala kwindalo ayikho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo lombutho, ezo iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kumacandelo abo. Ezinto ke omnye wabo, kodwa ubukho balo elizimeleyo ngaphandle iseli akunakwenzeka. Inkqubo ibalulekileyo kuthatha indawo kweli nqanaba - ukugcinwa kunye nokuthengiswa genetic material. Iinqobo lweenkqubo zokuphila kubonakala kakhulu umzekelo esiseleni. Ukuba iyunithi noshowo kwaye zisebenza kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ukususela iiseli luqulathe izityalo, izilwanyana, umngundo kunye neentsholongwane. Ngaphandle na iintsholongwane ukuba ingqokelela iimolekyuli acid acid protini.

Okulandelayo kukho ingxaki yokuba eziphilayo. Iiseli kuhlanganiswa ibe laphu. Ngamnye kubo Igxininisa umsebenzi okhethekileyo. Ukuqokelelwa kwe amalaphu limela kwinqanaba elilandelayo - organismic. Noko ke, kule imeko yomntu azikho ekwanti. Zihlangana kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo. Ngaloo njalo kwenza labemi-iintlobo, biogeocenotic namanqanaba biospheric. Le yokugqibela yeyona jikelele, edibanisa zonke izinto ukuba eziphilayo kuhlala zonke iindawo zokuhlala.

Awohluke zesakhiwo chemical

Iimpawu ezingundoqo kweenkqubo eziphilileyo, nokuba inqanaba labo yombutho, ebonakala, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, kukho imichiza kuqamba ethile. Isiseko lobume data ifomu ezine imichiza element. Ingaba carbon, ioksijini, nitrogen kunye hydrogen. Bebizwa organogenic. Nabo ke, zenza molecule biopolymers - iiprothini, isitatshi, lipids kunye nucleic.

lokugaya

Nayiphi na into ephilayo i inkqubo evulekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka abeke exchange okuqhubekayo kwezinto kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ukufunyanwa izinto, inguqu kwabo, kukhuthaza iimveliso ekupheleni ukutya - aseluphawu ebalulekileyo eziphilayo. Emzimbeni, iimolekyuli ezintsonkothileyo ukuba lwanamathela kunye kukhululwe umlinganiselo othile wamandla. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhula kunye nophuhliso.

Ukwazi zizalana

Ukukwazi ukukhula okanye bavelise kwaye kutsha - nje ikwa nemigaqo eziphilayo. Le propati zinika phambili kuwo onke amanqanaba, yenze ukuphila emhlabeni xa iyonke. indlela yokuza- kuxhomekeke iimpawu noshowo ezi iintlobo. Umzekelo, iintsholongwane zizalana ngokwahlula kwizisele ezimbini, izityalo - kwezityalo kwaye usebenzisa imbambano, kwaye izilwanyana - ngokwesondo.

Moral kunceda eziphilayo ezininzi kangakanani ukugcina zasinda elide. Ukubuyisela iindawo ezilahlekileyo okanye ezonakeleyo omzimba lingakwazi coelenterates, iintshulube, ezirhubuluzayo kunye nezityalo. Ingakumbi ngenkuthalo lidala iiseli hydra amanzi, apho umzimba ungakwazi ukudlula necandelo 1/200.

motion

Akumangalisi ke bathi intshukumo - ubomi. Enyanisweni, ukuhamba esithubeni, izilwanyana ukhangela ukutya, abantu besini esahlukileyo, okanye iimeko ezingcono yobukho. abameli babo kwiseli bafuduka kunye organelles - misila, pseudopods, okanye isiliya. Okumangalisayo kukuba, izityalo ukwazi ukuhamba. Wonke wabukela njengoko amagqabi neentyantyambo Tyhila ukuya ukukhanya, Namagatya leendima zesidiliya entwine nawuphi na umgangatho. Oku ukukhula intshukumo yezityalo.

Growth and nophuhliso

Growth and nophuhliso - iimpawu ezingundoqo eziphilayo. Eyokuqala ibandakanya utshintsho nobuninzi eziphilayo. Ukukhula kwenzeka kwiyantlukawano cell. Kwaye izityalo ukuba mda. Oku kuthetha ukuba bakhule kubo bonke ubomi babo. Kodwa izilwanyana - kuphela ukusa kwixesha elithile. Ukukhula sikhatshwe utshintsho ubuninzi emzimbeni - nophuhliso. Le nkqubo ukuze bafumane imisebenzi ngakumbi ezintsonkothileyo zombutho kunye zomzimba. Inqanaba Uphuhliso eziphilayo ixhomekeke olusemagxeni abo kwinkqubo yehlabathi ephilayo. Umzekelo, angiosperms bafumene Bulelani abantu bakwazi iimpawu ngcembe isakhiwo, ezibandakanya phambi iintyatyambo kunye isichumiso kabini.

ucaphuka

Enye inkalo kweenkqubo eziphilayo ukukwazi kwabo ukuphendula naluphi na utshintsho kwimeko-bume. Lo mhlaba ubizwa ngokuba nochuku. Ngoko ke, lwembali neentyantyambo ezithe bhenqe bubushushu, kunye iMimosa walamba isongiwe ngexesha kwebala. Kwizilwanyana ucaphuka ikhutshwa phandle esebenzisa nervous system kwaye wabonakaliswa ngohlobo ingqondo. Inxalenye kuyo isegazini. Ezi ziquka yokuphefumla, zokuzikhusela, ukuqonda, na usana lwakhe, reflex kwekhesa. Bona ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwimizuzu yokuqala yobomi. Ngexesha ubukho utshintsho izilwanyana afumane iimpendulo ezintsha zokuziphatha.

Iimpawu zezinto eziphilayo ukuqinisekisa ubukho babo ngenxa ngamnye kunye nophuhliso zembali. Ezi ziquka isakhiwo zeselula ubunye ubume weekhemikhali, ukutya, ukukwazi ukukhula, ukukhula, uphuhliso, ukuba nochuku kunye nokuziqhelanisa.