Iimpawu iincwadi yamandulo. Umzekelo classicism Russian kwi comedy "The Minor"

Ebudeni bolawulo Petra Velikogo eRashiya waqalisa ukuba ndiseke of a trend entsha yoncwadi. Iimpawu Classical yavela e Italy ngenkulungwane ye-16. Kwisithuba seminyaka elikhulu eliya kwicala ifikelele uphuhliso yayo ephezulu eFransi ebudeni bolawulo Louis 14, othi neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo.

Imvelaphi ngexesha lakudala kunye neempawu ngokubanzi

Isiseko eceleni zokusekwa kwe intshukumo uncwadi ukwenziwa oonyana bubukhosi enamandla karhulumente. Njengoko injongo iseti classicism indumiso neNgonyama main epheleleyo. Iguqulwe kwi lesiLatini elithi intsingiselo classicus "ongumzekelo". Iimpawu ze yoncwadi lwamandulo bafumana imvelaphi yazo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, yaye sisiseko nemiqathango imveliso uba N. Boileau "Art zemibongo" (1674). It sazisa ingqikelelo amathathu kunye intetho malunga ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo umxholo kunye nefomu.

Isiseko zeentanda-classicism

ezikhona Rationalist Rene Dekarta nempembelelo ukuyilwa kwalo mbutho zoncwadi. Ungquzulwano ephambili kule ezakudala iba izidubedube engqiqo kanye, kunokutshiseka. Ukungqinelana kwisahlulo zonke iintlobo kwi nezimbo aphezulu, aphakathi kunye ephantsi zadalwa inkqubo yobugcisa.

iimpawu eziphambili classicism zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa imithetho onxwe amathathu (ixesha, indawo kunye isenzo) kunye poetics olumisiweyo, ngenxa yoko yaba iziqhoboshi Uphuhliso endalo inkqubo boncwadi. Nangokodidi ekuhlaleni sabaphathi feudal kubonakaliswe umlinganiswa yeengcungcu of classicism. Heroes ezi ngokukhethekayo abameli osesikhundleni na abathwali isidima. ulangazelelo aphezulu emicimbi eyahlukeneyo yezentlalo nobuthandazwe kamva laba isisekelo ukuze kwakhiwe ezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo zoncwadi.

Iimpawu ze yoncwadi lwamandulo. Iimpawu classicism Russian

ERashiya oko intshukumo uncwadi uqala ukuthatha imilo ngenkulungwane ye-17 emva kwexesha. Nangona imisebenzi classicists Russian ufumane uxhulumano kunye N. Boileau, classicism eRashiya yahlukile kakhulu. uphuhliso yalo, waqala emva kokufa uPetros Enkulu, xa abefundisi kunye izikhulu wazama aphinde urhulumente kumaxesha pre-Petrine. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zilunge ngokukodwa ulwalathiso classicism Russian:

1. Kuyinto enobuntu ngakumbi, njengoko waba nefuthe ziingcamango yiEnlightenment.
2. Ndabambana ukulingana lwezimo zabo bonke abantu.
3. Ungquzulwano engundoqo kwenzeka phakathi ebukhosini kunye noohlohlesakhe.
4. In Russia, iye lilidala - kwimbali Native.

izibongo Odic, weklasikhi, ubuchule Lomonosov

UMikhail wayengusosayensi zendalo nje kuphela, kodwa abe ngumbhali. Wayibona ngokungqongqo wemiqondiso classicism, kunye ode yakhe yakudala zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ezininzi weendawo:

1. Ngoloyiso yobuzwe. "Ode phezu Ukuthatha of Khotin '(1739) saqhotyoshelwa kubanjelelwa imithetho versification Russian. Imveliso lisetyenziswa neesimboli kunye waqalisa umfanekiso adibeneyo nejoni Russian.
2. Ode olunxulumene Ukuvuma kwetrone uPhilip, apho iimpawu classicism umkhondo ngokucacileyo kakhulu. Lomonosov wabhalela imisebenzi zithunyelwe ku Anna uKumkanikazi Elizabeth, uCatherine II. Umbhali ode omhle kwabonakala conformal incoko enisebenzela kunye neNkosi.
3. Ngokomoya. Ngenkulungwane ye-18 bathi ukukhuphela izicatshulwa yebhayibhile kunye nomxholo lyrical. Apha umbhali uthetha nje ngamava akhe, kodwa malunga nemiba jikelele.

bacule Lomonosov

UMikhail wanamathela ekubhaleni imisebenzi uhlobo ezizodwa, apho waphawulwa ulwimi wamasiko, ukusetyenziswa iindlela zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa kunye nezibheno - iimpawu eziphambili classicism kwi ode. Lomonosov ubhekisela imixholo zobuqhawe yobuzwe, edume ubuhle lokhokho, kwaye ikhuthaza abantu ukuba bafunde isayensi. Yena nomoya omhle ukumkani yaye "ode ngomhla Ukuvuma etroneni Elizabeth Petrovna," ibonisa lo mbono. Ukuba umntu bakhanyiselwa, uMikhail imizamo yokufundisa lonke yabemi Russia, ngoko inika abalandeli bayo ilifa osisityebi zoncwadi.

Indlela ukwahlula Classic? Iimpawu ze classicism kwi comedy "The Minor"

Product ali izenzo (njenge-5) kunye ngezimanga, yaye umbandela incoko kwi comedy zakudala imeko. Umbhali uyaphawula le miqondiso classicism "ignoramus" yaye "uBrigadier".

Innovative uphawu zikwenza kubonakale ngathi Fonvizin

umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala kwaqala Denis Ivanovich iinguqulelo zezicatshulwa aseYurophu ixesha zidlala indima kwi Drama Theatre. Ngowe-1762 waba thaca comedy 'uBrigadier "emva koko" Korionov ". Best weento zonke ukubonisa iimpawu classicism kwi "ignoramus" - imisebenzi ezaziwa kakhulu lombhali. Le peculiarity umsebenzi wakhe kuxhomekeke yokuba oluchasene-nkqubo karhulumente, bemkhanyela iifomu okhoyo umnikazi ubunganga. Ubona ukumkani efanelekileyo, enqatyisiweyo ngumthetho, nto leyo evumela ukuphuhlisa ongxowankulu kwaye ivumela ixabiso lomntu udidi lwentlalo. Le mibono zazibonakala kwiincwadi zakhe journalistic.

"Foreman": ingcamango kunye nesishwankathelo

Fonvizin kubonakala nje umbhali ukudala Amahlaya zabo. Imveliso "uBrigadier" yaba yimpumelelo enkulu kunye nabaphulaphuli ngokunika umfanekiso adibeneyo yonke iklasi. Isiseko bali-ukungavisisani uthando. Umlinganiswa ophambili kukuba akukho lula ukubona, ngaba ngenxa yokuba ngamnye akakho ngokwawo, kodwa ngumphelelisi kumfanekiso adibeneyo yezikhulu Russian. I yemveli classic comedy uthando ibali wemidlalo ezisetyenziswa kwiinjongo satirical. Zonke abalinganiswa zimanyene kukunyaba nokubawa, bahlukene ngokungqongqo zibe ezihle nezibi - iimpawu eziphambili comedy yamandulo kusindiswa ngokucacileyo. Comic ukusebenza wemidlalo ekufikelelwe abalinganiswa ezipheleleyo ukuziphatha engafanelekanga ingqiqo kunye nokuziphatha kakuhle. "UBrigadier" kwiincwadi Russian yaba simanga uhlobo entsha - oko comedy of nembeko. Fonvisin uchaza izenzo zabalinganiswa nempahla ekhaya. uvuthondaba yakhe ayikho ngekhonkrithi kuba akukho ebhekisela abathwali ngamnye imikhuba emibi zentlalo.

YiNtloko weqela kunye nomfazi wakhe wagqiba ekubeni atshate unyana wakhe Ivanushka kwi Nozipho clever nokuhomba kwethu, ntombi umcebisi ngubani, ngokubuka indlela umkhaya ngaba unqwenela ukuba angene ulwalamano kunye nabo. i azilungise yena, naye, yena kungavakali umtshakazi, yaye xa esiva ukuba she is eluthandweni Dobrolyubova iqinisekisa unina eli nyathelo. Endlwini kukho ngamayelenqe: uBrigadier uwa eluthandweni ngumcebisi kunye nomcebisi - in nomsebenzi wakhe umfazi, kodwa isiphelo yonke iwela endaweni kwaye kuhlala sonwabile Nozipho kuphela IGAM.

"I-Minor": ingcamango kunye nesishwankathelo

Lo msebenzi uba impi enkulu kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. "I-Minor" - comedy classicism ezaziwa kakhulu, iimpawu apho - ubunye ezintathu, ukwahlukana engqongqo loonobumba ezihle nezibi, ethetha la amagama - Fonvizin ukuthobela ngempumelelo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini yezikhulu ukuba umbhali: obubi kunye phambili. Vula umxholo okudalwa serfdom eRashiya. Wemidlalo ezintsha ebonakaliswa luhlobo ayila ngalo imifanekiso ezintle eziphezu nesicwangciso kufuneka ukuba ukunika isiphumo lemfundo, kodwa gqolo ukugcina iimpawu classicism. Xa comedy "I-Minor" Prostakova uphawu yaba uhlobo isityhilelo for Fonvizin. Lo mlinganiswa imele umfanekiso we-mhlaba Russian - hayi kude, uyabawa, bakrwada, kodwa ngothando unyana wakhe. Phezu kwayo yonke loo typicality, kuveza iimpawu ngamnye. A Inani labaphandi sabona comedy features yiEnlightenment ngokoqobo, ngoxa abanye yabhekisela poetics olumisiweyo of classicism.

Prost umkhaya uceba ukutshata nendawo yakhe Mitrofanushka kwi Clever Girl uSophia. Kodwa ke umama kunye notata wam ayidele imfundo athi ulwazi lwegrama kunye nezibalo nto,, asebenzise, unyana ka ootitshala: Tsyfirkin, Vralmana, Kuteikin. Siba Mitrofan eyimbangi - Skotinin, Prostakova umzalwana, ngubani ofuna ukutshata umnqweno ukuba umnikazi nemiti hagu. Noko ke, amantombazana bafanelwe indoda Milo; Malume Sophia Starodum ngabo umtshato wabo.