Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Ancient Greece. History of Ancient Greece

Nelaye lasisiseko senkcubeko mihla yaseYurophu ukufanele ingqalelo Greece Ancient. Le meko iye yaba nempembelelo ephawulweyo kuphuhliso kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi bomntu - inzululwazi, amayeza, ezopolitiko, ubugcisa kunye bulumko. Ezinye ezikhumbuzo zamandulo zamaGrike ezisagcinwe ukuya namhlanje. Oku ngazo kwaye malunga imbali amagunya-kanye enkulu eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Yamandulo Greece nokubaluleka kwayo kwimbali

Phantsi Ancient Greece mbali baqonde wokuhlangana impucuko, eyathatha malunga 3,000 eminyaka, ukususela ngenkulungwane BC wesithathu AD I leminyaka. lisusiwe ingcamango "Ancient Greece" kummandla karhulumente mihla. Kweli lizwe, eli ukwakheka civilizational ekuthiwa Hellas, kwaye bayo nabemi - Hellenes.

Inkcazelo of Ancient Greece kufuneka kuqala ngokubaluleka kunye nendima kuphuhliso imbali impucuko yaseNtshona. Ngoko ke, ababhali-mbali okwenyaniso akholelwa ukuba eGrisi yamandulo wazibeka iziseko yaseYurophu kwedemokhrasi, intanda, ubugcisa bokwakha. Urhulumente Greek yoyiswa eRoma, kodwa kwangaxeshanye waboleka uBukhosi baseRoma kunye neempawu eziphambili inkcubeko zamandulo zamaGrike.

Ezi sezakhiwo Greece yamandulo - asiyo ntsomi ezintle edumileyo kunye ezifunyaniswe kwezenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko, ifilosofi izibongo, amayeza kunye bokwakha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kummandla wejografi of Greece yamandulo akuthethi ungqamane imida karhulumente mihla. Le mbali igama zibandakanya babeziindleko yamanye amazwe kunye nemimandla: Turkey, naseSipro, eCrimea kunye neCaucasus. Monuments of Greece yamandulo asinda zonke ezi nkalo. Ukongeza, le ndawo yamandulo Greek (koloni) ababekhe saa ecaleni kunxweme lweMeditera, iBlack kunye Azov Seas.

Geography ne imephu Ancient Greece

Hellas wayengekho imfundo bengatshatanga, monolithic. On isiseko salo kwasekwa ngaphezu kweshumi eyahlukileyo isixeko-States (eyona idumileyo - Athens, Sparta, Piraeus, Samos, eKorinte). Zonke States of Greece yamandulo aba njalo-ebizwa ngokuba 'imigaqo' (ngamanye amagama, umzi), kunye nomhlaba omelene. isenzo ngamnye imithetho yaso.

Oluphambili central of Ancient Greece i usingasiqithi Balkan, okanye mandithi, inxalenye yayo ekumazantsi, incam osentshona Asia Minor, kwakunye nobuninzi leziqithi kulo mmandla. Yamandulo Greece yayiba zizahlulo ezithathu: Northern Greece, Central Greece kunye iPeloponnese. Kumantla urhulumente erhangqwe kunye eMakedoni Illyria.

Imephu Historical of Ancient Greece ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Cities in Ancient Greece (iinkqubo)

wenza njani umzi e Greece yamandulo?

Asikwazi bathi Lanikwa chic kwaye eqaqambileyo, njengoko kunjalo ngokufuthi ungathanda ukubonisa kwimifanekiso. Enyanisweni - oku yintsomi. Eziphambili bamakhazikhazi kwi Greek isixeko-States wabonakala kuphela izakhiwo eziphambili zoluntu, kodwa imizi abemi abaqhelekileyo baba uNothozamile kakhulu.

amakhaya abantu baye evinjwa kukho ukhuzo. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba amaGrike amandulo zaze zalala ngaphandle, phantsi nesezindlu. network street ezidolophini luye kukungakhathali yokugula-wamitha: inxalenye enkulu kubo yaye akazange phantsi kwelanga.

Le meko imbi wayeseAthene, apho abahambi ezininzi ixesha bathetha ngendelelo. Kunjalo, intuthuzelo ekugqibeleni eyangena amakhaya yamaGrike zesiqhelo. Ngoko ke, utshintsho kuphuhliso lwasedolophini kunye nesicwangciso ezitratweni ngelo xesha wenza Hippodamus umakhi eMileto. Yaba nguye lowo kuqala arhola ingqalelo indawo izindlu esixekweni, wazama ukwakha kubo kumgca omnye.

yezinto bobugcisa Greece yamandulo

Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlale phezu komnye umba obalulekileyo: ukuba of Greece bamandulo akasishiyanga, ngokwemiqathango ezikhumbuzo eziphathekayo?

Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Iindawo Greece - iitempile, amphitheatres, iintsalela izakhiwo zoluntu - aye alondolozwa kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Kodwa abaninzi kubo, Kakade ke, ngomhla ummandla imeko mihla igama elifanayo.

Ezikhumbuzo ibalulekileyo yamandulo izinto inkcubeko yi itempile yamandulo yesiGrike. Njengoko kulo lonke Hellas, kuba kwakucingwa ukuba oothixo bahlala kuzo ngokwabo. Ezi izinto zehlabathi-adumileyo Greece yamandulo lula xa usithelekisa imvelaphi kwezinye amangcwaba Greece yamandulo - iintsalela of the Greek Acropolis kunye nezinye amanxuwa angunaphakade.

iParthenon

Mhlawumbi lesikhumbuzo edume zakhiwo zamandulo zamaGrike itempile iParthenon. Yakhiwa 432 BC eAthene, yaye namhlanje isimboli kubakhenkethi ezaziwa kakhulu yamanje Greece. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukwakhiwa kwale ipomakazi lendlu Doric ekhokelwa bezakhiwo Callicrates Iktinos, kwaye ke kwakhiwa imbeko yothixokazi Athena - ukuba patroness ze Athene Acropolis.

Phambi ixesha lethu ugcinwe kakuhle umbindi kuyo itempile iParthenon kunye amahlanu imiqolo. Xa iziko wetempile ungabona ikopi Umfanekiso ka-Athena, senziwe ngexesha zeendlovu negolide Phidias - ezaziwayo-kakuhle ngomzobi zamaGrike nomkroli.

Freese olungaphambili central ezihonjiswe nemali kunye nemifanekiso ezahlukeneyo, kwaye pediments wetempile - le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo emangalisayo.

indlu ka zekhompyutha

Ubudala tempile zindala Greece yamandulo uyitempile yesithixokazi zekhompyutha. Iingcali zithi yayakhiwe kule BC ngenkulungwane yesithandathu. Ngelishwa, isakhiwo walondoloza mgangathweni njengoko eParthenon ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesine kwasondeza sonakaliswa ngamandla ngenxa yenyikima.

Temple of zekhompyutha ise e Olympia. Ngokutsho legend, oko thaca kubemi elis Olympians. eqongeni Foundation, kwakunye ezimbalwa iintsika aseleyo - yonke into eseleyo lolwakhiwo wamazwi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Umntu nje kuphela into wayefana ngaloo maxesha amandulo.

Ngelo xesha, itempile zekhompyutha ihonjiswe kunye oqingqiweyo uHermes. Namhlanje le Umfanekiso igcinwe Archaeological Museum of Olympia. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba amaRoma bamandulo zekhompyutha itempile e Olympia abe ezingcwele. Namhlanje le ndawo idume kakhulu kukuba edangatyeni Olimpiki ngofinyafuthi kwi olwandulela Olimpiyadi elandelayo.

indlu ka Poseidon

Temple of Poseidon, okanye mandithi zaso zisendaweni Cape Sounion. Yakhiwa 455 BC. Iye yasinda imiqolo-15 kuphela, kodwa bathetha lukhulu nobukhulu sakhiwo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba endaweni etempileni, phambi ukwakhiwa, kukho sele nezinye iindawo zonqulo. Tentatively ke yomhla VII BC leminyaka.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba uthixo Poseidon kwiintsomi zamaGrike - yinto inkosi kweelwandle neelwandlekazi. Ngoko ke akukho kwenzeka amaGrike amandulo wayekhethe indawo ukwakhiwa kwetempile; phezu Bluff elijonge kuLwandle iAegean. Hi ndlela leyi, kule ndawo ukumkani Aegeus atsibe eliweni eweni, xa wabona mgama umkhombe unyana wakhe Theseus kunye iseyile omnyama.

Ekuphetheni ...

Yamandulo eGrisi - yinto isenzeko ngokwenene kwimbali kwimpucuko yaseYurophu, nto leyo eye yaba negalelo elikhulu ekuphuhliseni inkcubeko yaseYurophu, inzululwazi, ubugcisa bokwakha. Okubonwayo of Greece yamandulo - ke iitempile ezininzi ezikhulu, iintsalela ze Acropolis kunye mabhodlo ubangel, nto leyo kukuninzi sasinda. Namhlanje ke kutsala inani elikhulu labakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke.