Iindlela eziphambili Ukuveliswa. Ukwakheka kwigama elisetyenziswayo lomqhubekisi phambili

Le isigama kwalo naluphi ulwimi esoloko ukwandisa kunye neeyunithi ezintsha lungelelanisa. Indlela ephambili wemvula na Ukuveliswa. Le nkqubo iye iimpawu zayo kunye neendidi. Basic iindlela ukubunjwa igama ethile ngolwimi oluthile ngalunye. Kuya kuxhomekeka kubume, iimpawu kunye zokungahambisani izigaba zentetho.

ukuba nombono

Phantsi ukuyilwa ilizwi ukuqonda imbonakalo izinto ezintsha lungelelanisa ngokusebenzisa izimamva, izimaphambili, kunye nezinye iindlela. Umntu owaziyo ukuba igama ukuyilwa ngeelwimi, nako ngokukhawuleza niwuzalise isigama sabo, kwakunye ukufunda nokuqonda amabinzana ngaphandle kokuba ukusebenzisa isichazi-magama.

Kukho ukuhlelwa eziliqela ngeendlela ukubunjwa lizwi. Ezinye iingcali ngeelwimi sebenzisa kwi typology kunye yamagama zokuhlaziya synchrony, kodwa lowo iqhelekileyo unikezelo ngenkqubo ohlobo morphemic kunye nemorfemny. Classification ixhomekeke kulwimi, apho ukwakheka ilizwi. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa iimpawu ngenkqubo ulwimi Russian.

uhlobo olunganeno ngamnye iimpawu zayo kunye neempawu.

Ukuveliswa usebenzisa morpheme

indlela Morphemic luphawulwa kukuba amagama amatsha kulwimi kuvela ngokusebenzisa iiyunithi lungelelanisa ezikhoyo kunye affixes ezithile. Olu hlobo iye iindlela zayo eziphambili ukubunjwa elithi:

• Nesimamva.
• I ziqaliswe.
• imidibaniso eyahlukeneyo prefixal, isimamva kunye neendidi Postaffixal.
• Ukudibanisa.
• Abbreviation.

ukhetho ngamnye uneempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo, iimpawu kunye ukuyilwa imithetho ethile.

uhlobo suffix

Indlela ephambili ukuba Ukuveliswa ulwimi Russian yinkqubo izimamva. Kulo mzekelo, izinto ezintsha lungelelanisa kuvela ngokudibanisa ukuya isiseko igama nesimamva uhlobo derivational. Umzekelo, uchi ezintlanu, uchi Tel. Suffixation ligubungela phantse kuzo zonke izigaba zentetho, kodwa common kakhulu ukuyilwa ilizwi izibizo, Izihlomelo nezichazi.

Le nkqubo lukhatshwa uguqulelo ezahlukeneyo morphemic, ezo yohlulwe sub-Iintlobo ezininzi:

• morphemes alternating: nganye - abahlobo (r-g).
• Akhronimi ekudaleni morpheme: eliphezulu - eziphakamileyo.
• Uzaleke morpheme multiple: opinki - pink.
• Tshintsha uphawu: eluhlaza - oluhlaza.

Olu ayilo luhlu olupheleleyo utshintsho, nto leyo enokukhokelela Ukuveliswa. Izimamva ezinye iimpawu morphemic. utshintsho Level kuxhomekeke iimpawu kolwimi oluthile.

Uhlobo ziqaliswe

Ukuba igama elitsha ukhandwa ngokudibanisa ukuya emazantsi consoles ezichaphazelekayo, sithetha malunga nenkqubo izimaphambili. Mu kuya kwa nshita isimamva, isimaphambili ngokuqhelekileyo iifom iiyunithi lungelelanisa omtsha ngaphakathi inxalenye enye zentetho. Kuba ulwimi Russian usebenzisa indlela yemveli ke Ukuveliswa yesenzi. Umzekelo: ukuba ukupheka - ukupheka - alungiselele; bhala - uphawu - ukubhalisa njl

Nangona sekuthiwa ngokubanzi olu hlobo, ngokufuthi prefixing isetyenziswa kunye nezinye iintlobo ukubunjwa lizwi. Lidla oko nezimamva, postfiksatsiya kunye nabanye.

Indibaniso izimamva, izimaphambili kunye postfiksatsii

Modern ukubunjwa igama luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa ngaxeshanye amagama kunye izimamva, izimaphambili, kunye nezinye iinketho ezifanayo kwakunye nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo zawo. Ngolwimi Russian umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Prefixal-nesimamva. Igama elitsha senziwa ngaxeshanye ngoncedo izimaphambili kunye nezimamva. Umzekelo, indlela - ngeplantain; umda - phesheya.
• Postaffixal. Ukuvela yegama entsha postfix ngokudibanisa: xia, uzibaxe izinto, ngenye imini, ka- Othetha njl Umzekelo, umntu - nabani - nabani na ..
• Prefixal-Postaffixal. Kulo mzekelo, igama elitsha ukhandwa isimaphambili postfix ngaxeshanye. Kaninzi, ukhetho onjalo ekhoyo kwi ndawo enye zentetho. Ngokufanelekileyo, ngendlela oko Ukuveliswa izichazi, izibizo, izenzi, njl Umzekelo, ifowuni kunokwenzeka - ukubiza .; ubuthongo - ebuthongweni kunye nabanye.
• Suffixal Postaffixal. Eli gama livela ngaxeshanye isimamva kunye postfix. Umzekelo, amampunge - idalwa; izihlwele - isihlwele. Ukuveliswa yezenzi - ummandla kuphela ngolwimi Russian, esebenzisa le ndlela.
• Prefixal-nesimamva-Postaffixal. Olu uhlobo luphawulwa ukuyilwa amagama amatsha ngokusebenzisa zombini izimamva, izimaphambili kunye postfiksatsii. Umzekelo, bezikrokrela - indhlebe; ukuthetha - intetho.

Ezi ntlobo wesiseko gama iyasebenza kakhulu nje kuphela Russian, kodwa nakwezinye iilwimi ezininzi.

Ngaphezu

Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba ulwimi Russian ke ubukho Ukongeza njengendlela ukubunjwa lizwi. Kulo mzekelo iyunithi entsha lungelelanisa ivela njenge ngenxa yokudibanisa amagama amabini okanye ngaphezulu ekhethiweyo enye. Kuxhomekeke amagama ezidibeneyo, apho indlela ukwahlula iindlela ezilandelayo engundoqo ukubunjwa ilizwi ngokusebenzisa Ukongeza:

• Stem-. izinto ezintsha lungelelanisa kuvela emva kokuba kongezwe amagama amabini okanye ngaphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa interfiksa. Kule meko ke icandelo lokugqibela enkulu udibaniso. Umzekelo, eye, njalo njalo imihla.
• Ukudibanisa amagama amabini okanye ngaphezulu, luphawulwa ubukho ukulingana eninzi. Umzekelo, neebhedi esofeni, iNkulumbuso kunye nabanye.

Ukudibanisa ngenkuthalo ezisetyenziswa iilwimi Russian kunye namanye, kunye isikakhulu inoxanduva Ukuveliswa of izibizo kunye nezenzi.

abbreviation

A indlela yokwakha, nto leyo uyilo zeziliphu ezintsha usebenzisa iinxalenye usifake Ngamanye amazwi, ebizwa segama. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela kunye indibanisela neempawu ezisetyenziswayo izigaba zentetho, balandela khona abbreviation:

• Ekuqaleni. Kulo mzekelo, amagama amatsha siphuma ngokusebenzisa izandi ngamnye okanye oonobumba. Ngako oko, isifinyezo okokuqala ibe oluvakalayo (umz, MAT, isikolo) okanye alfabhethi (umz, NLO, kweLPG sikude et al.).
• Syllabary. Olu hlobo luquka ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zamagama ezahlukeneyo (umz, ivenkile isebe, umbutho wabasebenzi et al.).
• Mixed. Olu hlobo ludibaniso kwinxalenye yokuqala ibenye iiyunithi lungelelanisa kunye nezinye iiyunithi ngokupheleleyo (umz, umvuzo, umanyano, njalo njalo).

Ufinyezo kolu suku kufaneleke ngokukodwa kule lwezichazi mihla, ngenxa yokuba ngoku kukho oko kwenzeka ehlabathini malunga ekuqinisekiseni ngobuciko ubuninzi kunye conciseness lolwimi.

Nemorfemnye Iintlobo wesiseko elithi

Ke ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu ezintsha lungelelanisa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa morpheme, ngoko kukho ezi ndlela zilandelayo engundoqo ukubunjwa elithi:

• Lungelelanisa kunye syntactic.
• Morphological kunye syntactic.
• Lungelelanisa-esemantiki.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, amagama amatsha abonakale ngenxa utshintsho enye inxalenye zentetho ukuya kwenye, okanye ngxubevange le omzimba lentsingiselo lungelelanisa amazwi kumacandelo ngamnye.

indlela lungelelanisa and syntactic

Olu khetho ikwabizwa ngokuba coalescence, kuba amagama amatsha kulo mzekelo akhiwa ezo kwibinzana elithile. Oku kukhokelela koko iyatshintsha intsingiselo lungelelanisa lo gama nje kuphela, kodwa indima yayo syntactic. Umzekelo, inkangala - evergreen: niyageza wehla - isisihiba et al.

Amaninzi unit oxhomekeke lungelelanisa lisebenza isihlomelo, yaye ngokufuthi kakhulu Fusion ilizwi ukubunjwa iziphawuli participles. Ntonye zezi yunithi lungelelanisa zihlukile ukuba ethile kunye odolwa engqongqo zonke iinxalenye zayo.

indlela Morphological and syntactic

Olu uhlobo luphawulwa ukuyilwa amagama amatsha ngokutshintsha enye inxalenye zentetho ukuya kwenye. Le iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela elandelayo yale ndlela:

• Substantivation. Le nguqulelo inxalenye intetho ibe kwimo evumayo. Umzekelo, ingcali ephambili kunye umkhosi umboniso, ukulwa kwabangxwelerhiweyo cwaka kunye nabanye balimala.
• Adjectivization. Ezishukumayo lwesichazi zentetho. Umzekelo, imvumi abo basandula kuqalisa, njl itafile zenziwe.
• Adverbializatsiya. Ukushukumisa njengesibizo i isandiso. Ngokomzekelo, ngentsasa yasebusika - kusasa elizayo.

Kukwakho nezinye iindlela indlela morphological kunye syntactic. ulwimi ngamnye uneempawu zakho, neentlobo zayo ehambelanayo kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo.

indlela lungelelanisa-lwesemantiki

Kulo mzekelo, kuvela izinto ezintsha lungelelanisa emva igama Wazityanda ixabiso layo isiseko, aze extra. Umzekelo, i-satellite - zombini njengoko iqabane kunye nomzimba yasezulwini; titanium - giant wasentsomini kunye nentsimbi kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo isigama ulwimi olutshintsha ngenxa ukutshintshatshintsha le semantics ilizwi.

Kuba Ukuveliswa Ngokufanayo kufuneka iimeko ezithile kunye nokufana le nesenzeko ezimbini okanye izinto. Oku kufuneka kakhulu ixesha elininzi.

owabumba seLizwi IsiNgesi

Ukwakhiwa amatsha amagama ngolwimi IsiNgesi yenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwemveli, iingcali zeelwimi ukwahlula enefuthe elibi kwaye Ukuveliswa njengoko ukuyilwa igama IsiNgesi. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa oku:

Njengoko kuba enefuthe elibi, ngoko le ndlela uphawu ulwimi Russian. Ngokufanayo, ngolwimi IsiNgesi akhiwa phantse nayiphi na inxalenye yokuthetha. Umzekelo, kuyena, intombi, ezimnyama-blowu, umntu et al. Ukuveliswa luphawulwa ukuyilwa ezinye iiyunithi lungelelanisa. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokuguqula enye inxalenye zentetho kwenye (impendulo - ukuphendula), utshintsho kwisithuba uxinzelelo (ungquzulwano - kwingxabano), lo alternation lwezandi (iingcebiso - ukucebisa) okanye affixation esebenzisa izimaphambili kunye nezimamva. Ukudityaniswa inguqu - kuko okulungiselela isiseko, eba ukuyilwa igama IsiNgesi. Itheyibhile ibonisa.

Indlela ephambili ukwandisa isigama - a Ukuveliswa, nto leyo eye izinto zayo kwakunye iimpawu kuxhomekeka izigaba zentetho. Inkqubo ukusekwa kweeyunithi ezintsha lungelelanisa akayeki kwaye iimpawu zayo eyahlukileyo ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo.