Imvelaphi kunye yokuphila Cro-Magnon

Cro-Magnon ithathwa ukuba izinyanya ngabantu mihla, owayephila emhlabeni ngo ngasekupheleni (okanye ngaphezulu) of the Paleolithic (40-12 amawaka kwiminyaka eyadlulayo). Igama olu hlobo lwabantu eyayingekaphuhli weza evela Cro-Magnon umqolomba, ibekwe kumzantsi-ntshona eFransi. Kwaba apho 1868, zakudala Lui eliphezulu ngexesha ezombiweyo Bakhubeka phezu iintsalela abantu bamandulo, oko, ngenxa yabo imbonakalo sahlukile amathambo Neanderthal wafumana ngaphambili, zifana Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens). Nakhodka, ubudala ogama 30 iminyaka eliwaka, ngoko nangoko kwatsala ingqalelo izazinzulu abaye bafunda ngembali yelo xesha, enyanisweni malunga yokuphila Cro-Magnon ngoko ayaziwa ke loo nto. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, iintsalela zazo, kunye nezixhobo nazo zifumaneka kwezinye iindawo (Mladech kunye Dolni Vestonice kwi-Czech Republic, Peyvilend eNgilani, Peştera cu Oase e Romania Murzak-Koba eCrimea, Sungir eRashiya Mezhirech e Ukraine fish Hoek, Cape Flats eAfrika, njalo-njalo. d.).

Imvelaphi yokufudukela

Imvelaphi Cro-Magnon de namhlanje abaqondanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphambili, ababhali-mbali kunye zesayensi ezigcinwe ingcamango ngokweMarxist imvelaphi yalo hlobo Indoda yakudala. Ukuba awukholwa yiloo nto, i Cro-Magnon uyinzala ngqo a Neanderthal. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye babuza le ngcamango. Bona oyikholelwayo ukuba Bamandulo Phaya kunye Cro-Magnons bavela bephuma kumntu omnye, yaye emva koko waqalisa ngamnye kubo nihlukane.

izazinzulu Modern abakwazi ukufikelela kwimvumelwano mhaka, izinyanya yokuqala yomntu zalamaxesha nayiphi na inxalenye yehlabathi yaye xa kanye kwenzeke. Inguqulelo iqhelekileyo kukuba Cro-Magnons kwasekwa njenge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo malunga 200,000 eyadlulayo, kwaye kwenzeka kwinxalenye esempuma Afrika. Emva kweminyaka 70,000, kufuneka bafumane umhlaba omtsha ukuba ubomi baqalisa aya kuMbindi Mpuma. Ngoko omnye Cro-Magnon ugcwale i Near East kunye Indian Ocean, omnye waya emantla zaze emazweni Asia Minor kunye kuLwandle Northern Black. EYurophu, Homo sapiens wabonakala malunga 40-45 engamawaka eyadlulayo.

ukubonakala

sekubonakala kakuhle Cro-Magnons? abantu bamandulo, eziphili indoda yahlukile isakhiwo abantu umzimba mihla kunye nobukhulu ebuchotsheni. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abameli Homo sapiens yayifana abantu namhlanje, kodwa zazinkulu. Kwizinto zakudala baye ukufumanisa ukuba Cro-Magnon womntu, ayakhe eYurophu yamandulo, kufikelelwe ukukhula 180 cm (abafazi ngaphantsi), ibinobuso ibanzi kwaye namehlo ezinzulu-abekwe. Umthamo we lobuchopho bomntu abakrelekrele yaba 1400-1900 iisentimitha cubic, ongqamana ukuba abantu banamhlanje. Yokuphila Cro-Magnons, ngubani kwafuneka kusinda kwiimeko ezimaxongo bamaxesha amandulo, nesandla ekwakhiweni eziqulunqile-kakuhle ubunzima kwezihlunu.

impilo

abantu bamandulo ababehlala noluntu inani yafikelela kubantu-100. imisebenzi engundoqo kuzingela kunye nokutya etheza izityalo. Baba ngabokuqala ukwenza izixhobo emathanjeni kunye neempondo. Kunye nale, baye bahlala ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo ngamatye. iimveliso kukhanya eziphuculweyo baye bavumela ukuba avelise ukutya ngakumbi, ukuthunga impahla, ukuba zizakhele izixhobo ukuququzelela ubukho babo. Izazinzulu aqinisekile ukuba abantu bamandulo beli xesha sele intetho phambili kakuhle.

izindlu

Cro-Magnon ndoda waqhubeka ehlala emiqolombeni, kodwa sele baqalisa kuvela iindidi ezintsha lwezindlu. Bafunda ukwakha indlela iintente robust ezenziwe ngezikhumba zezilwanyana, ukhuni bone. inga siwa izindlu abanjalo, ukuze ubomi Cro-Magnon uyekile ukuba izinziswe. Ebhadula ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye ngenjongo yophuhliso kumazwe ezintsha, ke idluliselwe kumntu izindlu kunye noqoqosho. Cro-Magnons baba amadoda yokuqala kokubhalwa kwembali abakwaziyo okumdambisa inja kwaye usebenzise njengento mncedi.

Iminyanya uluntu waba ukwanda lehlelo ukuzingela. Oku kungqinwa ezafunyanwa ezininzi engamanani zezilwanyana, abahlatywe iintolo, wafumana ngexesha bemba i zokuhlala. Iindonga zayo abantu lwezindlu yamandulo azihombise imifanekiso yezilwanyana kunye nemifanekiso nokuzingela.

imigodi ukudla

Kuzingela ngokuqinileyo ebomini Cro-Magnon. Zenene Stone Age ezifana ukuba, ukuze, ukuze ukuzondla, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba bambulale. Siye bamfuna nabemi bamandulo kumaqela kakuhle iplanethi yethu ngayo abantu 10-20. Iinjongo intshutshiso yabo izilwanyana ezinkulu (mammoths, iingcuka, imikhombe ezinoboya, amabhere, ixhama, inyathi). Ukutshabalalisa irhamncwa, banikela abahlali babo eninzi zezintsu kunye nenyama. Izixhobo ephambili ukuxhela Izilwanyana Cro-Magnons baba kwangulamntu umkhonto, itswele eliluhlaza. Ukongezelela ngokuzingela, baye benza ekubambiseni iintaka neentlanzi (ukuba iseshoni yokuqala wasebenzisa nasesibatheni, nangenxa yesibini - ngeenyembe amagwegwe).

Ukongeza inyama nentlanzi, inzala abantu mihla niphetshethwe izityalo ukudla zasendle. Bamandulo Phaya Ukutya ne Cro-Magnon sifana kakhulu. Badla yonke indalo wabanika (amaxolo, amagqabi kunye neziqhamo zonke zemithi, iziqu, iintyatyambo kunye neengcambu izityalo, ingca, amakhowa, amandongomane, Ingca yolwandle njalo njalo. D.).

yokungcwaba

E Cro-Magnons baba amasiko nokungcwaba umdla. izalamane abangasekhoyo, Bamisa engcwabeni endawni isiqingatha uzimisele. iinwele yabo ezihonjiswe kwesefu, izandla - izacholo, yaye ubuso ngamatye flat. Imizimba Sasaza ezifileyo imbola ebomvu. abantu bamandulo bakholwa kokufa, ngoko bamngcwaba kunye nezalamane zabo impahla yasendlini, imihombiso kunye nokutya, beqinisekile ukuba baza kuya kufuneka ukuba emva kokufa.

I-Cultural Revolution Cro-Magnon

Abantu ababehlala ngasekupheleni Paleolithic, wenza ezifunyaniswe eziliqela eyayibenza ukuba bebodlula kakhulu kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko langaphambili. Ukufezekisa eziphambili loMgangato lenyengane indlela inoveli imveliso yabo kwimbali ezilogwe othi "Indlela imela-ezifana nembasa." Le kwafunyaniswa iye yaguqula nokuveliswa kwezixhobo. Indlela kukugcina yokuba ukusuka eziguqula ilitye (isiqalo) okanye ungayithandi ebongoza umntu iipleyiti apho iimveliso ezahlukeneyo wavelisa kamva. Ngenxa ubuchwepheshe obutsha yabantu ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali baye bafunda ukuba uphume ikhilogram enye lesilicon ukuya 250 cm zomsebenzi edge (Bamandulo Phaya abazange ngaphezu kwe-220 cm, kunye langaphambili kwayona 45 cm).

Akukho shu yaba kwafunyanwa Cro-Magnon imveliso izixhobo okondla izilwanyana. Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ngokuzingela, indoda yamandulo waphawula ukuba amathambo, iimpondo namabamba izilwanyana luphawulwa ngamandla aphezulu. Waqalisa ukwenza kubo imveliso ngokomgangatho entsha lula ubomi bakhe. Kwakukho iinaliti bone kunye zokuthunga, ngoko kwaba lula ukwenza iimpahla ngaphandle ngezikhumba zezilwanyana. izinto Animal ekrwada baqalisa ukuba asetyenziswe ekwakheni izindlu ezintsha, kwakunye imveliso kulo ngezihombo kunye mifanekiso. Ukuphuhliswa izinto ezintsha kukhokelele wayila lwemipu wokuzingela nobunzima kakhulu - kwangulamntu umkhonto, itswele eliluhlaza. Ezi zixhobo ziye zanika Cro ukubulala izilwanyana amaxesha amaninzi ophezulu kubo ngamandla kunye nobukhulu.

Umfanekiso ubomi Cro-Magnon nje kuphela zokuziphilisa endle. Abantu ukuhlinza aye afuna egqibeleleyo. Zashiya inzala yabo eninzi imisebenzi yobugcisa. Lo mzobo mizobo kwi emiqolombeni, kunye nezixhobo nezidanga ehonjisiweyo unique, mawenziwe lenyengane, udongwe, amathambo kunye eqingqiweyo amabamba bison, namahashe, amaxhama nezinye izilwanyana. YaMandulo Cro-Magnon umntu babenqula ubuhle njengebhinqa. Phakathi kwezinto ezafunyanwa, wafumanisa zakudala, kukho amanani amaninzi besini ngobulungisa. Emva kokuba iifom ikratshi mbali mihla igama kubo "Venus."