Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo. Yintoni zilingo iintlobo zezityalo

Okubona ngefestile okanye uhamba nje isihla ngesitrato, ungenza ngonaphakade ukubuka ubuhle bendalo. Kwaye konke oku ubuhle senziwa ngokusisiseko izityalo nje. Loo iindidi eqaqambileyo, edlamkileyo eliphambili, ukuba esifubeni nje ukuze azichukumise; ubumnandi babo Nentabalala babubone ubungangamsha.

Zezinto eziphilayo zezityalo

Owu, yintoni kukho iintlobo zezityalo! Iyonke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho phezu 350.000 iintlobo ezi zidalwa ezizodwa indalo. Bonke hayi enye nesakhiwo bangaphandle, kunye yokuphila kunye neempawu angaphakathi.

Kwinkqubo yehlabathi ephilayo umbuso wonke isityalo. Ulwahlulo elula ezi zinto ziphilayo ziya kuba loo:

• elisezantsi (umzimba yahlulwe amalungu, eli lona lisiza kunye ulele);
• ephakamileyo (umzimba yahlulwe amalungu, abo abe ingcambu, isiqu namagqabi).

Ngenxa yoko, iyantlukwano iintlobo zezityalo kweli nqanaba liphezulu okuboniswe kwicandelo kwi maqela alandelayo:

1. Ibihlungu (ubulembu, yefeni, horsetails, ubulembu club).
2. Gymnosperms (Conifers, Ginkgo, sagovnikovye).
3. Angiosperms, okanye izityalo kweentyatyambo.

Iqela ngalinye zayo ngendlela iiklasi, kwisizukulwana kunye neentlobo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba iindidi zezityalo kwiplanethi yethu bukhulu kangaka.

iifom Life

Enye izizathu eziphambili apho abameli nezihluma zahlukile enye kwenye, nto leyo imbonakalo. Yiyo le nkalo isiseko ukuhlelwa eziphilayo. Plant diversity zingabonakala, ukuba mabazihlele zibe ngamaqela:

1. Imithi (Conifers: pine, nespruce, umsipres nompleyini ezinjengezo; ezivuthulukayo: ezinde, kwemioki nemipopulari, apile, njalo njalo).
2. Amatyholo (Lilac, uHazel, Weeks, njalo njalo. D.).
3. Amatyholo (currants, wavuka iinyonga, rasberries).
4. Imithana (umhlonyane, Astragalus, eurotia, Salsola).
5. Semishrubs (lavender, umyalezo).
6. Ingca (mat ingca, sedge, ukulibala-kum, itywina kaSolomon, iinyibiba, njalo njalo).

Le yokuhlela igquma kuphela ephakamileyo izityalo angiosperm, apho uninzi lo mhlaba.

ulwelwe

Iindidi zezityalo nezilwanyana kwiilwandle kunye neelwandle ibisoloko bayinqule bonke abaphandi kunye nabathandi zehlabathi kwamanzi. Beautiful and engaqhelekanga, inemibala, yingozi kwaye ukuzikhusela, bakha lonke ihlabathi, hayi unexplored ngokupheleleyo, elinesoya kangaka yaye kungakholeleki.

Yintoni na abameli nezihluma zifumaneka apha? Le ulwelwe kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini, igcinwa kwamanzi okanye antywiliselwe umva wayo kunye inxalenye esiqwini.

Ulwelwe yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezininzi:

1. Blue-green (umz, cyanobacterium).
2. Kwiseli enye green (chlamydomonas, Volvox).
3. Green multicellular (ulothrix, Spirogyra, Ulvi).
4. Kelp (fucus, kelp, Sargassum).
5. Bomvu (abomvu radimeriya).

Ezona mpawu ziphambili olwahlula ezi zityalo akumi yokuba nemizimba yabo (in abameli multicellular) singahlukaniswa kwi amalungu. It imelwe rhizoids kunye thallus, enza umsebenzi we-attachment kwi zeendawana.

Kweentyatyambo ezemidlalo yamanzi

Ukwahluka kweentlobo zezityalo webhunga zolwelo medium ayiphelelanga lisiza. Ngoko ke abameli ezininzi eneentyatyambo ezintle bayeneliseka ngobungangamela yayo, kwakudada phezu kwamanzi okanye wayetshona kuphela inxalenye.

Ezi ziquka:

• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo neenyibiba zamanzi;
• calla;
• vodokras eziqhelekileyo;
• nomzi;
• hippuris;
• loosestrife monetchaty;
• kubamba;
• inaliti Bolotnitsa;
• imana;
• amanzi Urrutia;
• iris Siberia;
• amanzi Ranunculus;
• Air Marsh kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Plant diversity ityuwa kunye namaqumrhu amanzi acocekileyo bukhulu kangangokuba uyakwazi ukwenza komhlaba yonke, zombini iisoyi kunye zendalo. Abantu basebenzisa flora ukuba bahombise akwariyam, amachibi yobizo ihonjiswe kunye neminye imithombo ezenziwe ngumntu.

ibihlungu

Eli qela kuquka malunga 43 lamawaka. Iintlobo kumasebe ahlukeneyo izityalo ngaphezulu. Ezona ziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• Bryophyta (ubulembu, isibindi, antotserotovye, ndiwutwabulule Moss);
• Lycopsids (ubulembu club);
• Horsetail (Equisetum).

Eyona iphambili - le yindlela yokuzala, leyo kunciphisa ukuyilwa iiseli ezizodwa - sikuyo. Kwakhona umdla kukuba ezi zityalo ubomi, ekuqhubeni alternation kwizizukulwana kwi kumjikelo kuphuhliso: isizukulwana ngokwesondo sporophyte maqanda gametophyte na indawo, yaye vice versa. abameli ezinjalo abakwazi iintyatyambo kunye nefom iimbewu kunye neziqhamo, ngoko ke andingowawo kudidi ibihlungu. impilo yabo ixhomekeke kakhulu amanzi njengoko ezizalayo kwenzeka kuphela kwindawo ifumile.

Abameli zinokubaluleka ebalulekileyo ezoqoqosho kwaye zisetyenziswa kuphela kwindalo kodwa ebomini bomntu. Zokuhombisa, isicelo amayeza kukuba ukubaluleka kwabo abantu.

coniferous

Conifers zizityalo ukuba babe mpawu zilandelayo:

• amagqabi ilungiswe lube yinto ekhethekileyo inaliti-ezifana kwaye zibizwa ngokuba "naliti";
• uhlobo izityalo - imithi namatyholo;
• isakhiwo zangaphakathi igcwele-oyile ezibalulekileyo, nentlaka kunye terpenes;
• imbewu kwakheka, kodwa akukho iintyatyambo ngonaphakade;
• imbewu abhijelwe isikali cone nezivele, yiyo elinye igama - Gymnosperms.

Iintlobo zemithi coniferous kakhulu, malunga 630. Benza igalelo elikhulu iyantlukwano lulonke zehlabathi kwezityalo, kukho iintlobo ixesha elide yaye ezixabisekileyo umthi. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, kukho imithi pine, ezo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-5000! Imbonakalo coniferous nowokuchwayita nayiphi na indawo, neziyolo kwaye owuthanda kunye okumangalisayo. Eyona eziqhelekileyo Iintlobo ziquka:

• pine;
• ukudla;
• imisedare;
• larch;
• nemisipres;
• yesihlanu;
• konwele;
• yew.

Enye iimpawu eziphambili enomtsalane ezi zityalo kukuba ziluhlaza kwaye musa uphalaze amagqabi ebusika ixesha ebandayo (ngaphandle - larch).

Kweentyatyambo izityalo, okanye angiosperms

Le yeyona inkulu onke amaqela ezaziwayo manje kwezityalo, apho kuqikelelwa ngaphezulu kwama-280 amawaka iintlobo. Eyona iphambili - Ukwakheka welungu okuzala wentyatyambo, leyo isakhiwo ekhethekileyo aguqulelwe sizale.

Amathupha intyatyambo, kunye nembewu esiyiyo, nto leyo ke ikhuselwe izihlunu Palsy. Yiloo nto ezi zityalo yaye kuthiwa angiosperms. Ngokwabo iintyatyambo zahlukahlukene kakhulu ngembonakalo, imilo, ubungakanani Corolla umbala ukuba nimangaliswe kuphela nimangaliswe.

ukubaluleka Great linikiweyo phakathi kweentyatyambo izityalo zamachiza. Zinceda abantu kunye nezilwanyana nxamnye zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ibe nempembelelo kwiinkqubo zomzimba phantse bonke.

Ukuhlelwa nokugqama ebanzi, ngoko siqwalasela usapho kuphela yeyona ixhaphakileyo iiklasi ezimbini eziphambili - monocots kunye dicots.

1. Monocotyledons: okuziinkozo (irye, ingqolowa, ihabile, amazimba, amazimba, umbona), inyibiba (amahle, iinyibiba, icula), itswele (itswele, igalikhi, ingaphelelwayo engcotyeni ingca).
2. Bipartite: Rosaceae (rose, pere, Plum, ama-apile, rasberries, amaqunube, wavuka), ibhabhathane, okanye imidumba (peanuts, ilupini, nemingampunzi, iimbotyi zesoya, ertyisi, i-, iimbotyi), cruciferous (ikhaphetshu, ukudlwengula, lwemostade, horseradish , isithombo), nightshade (iitumato, okanye iitumato, iipepile, nightshade, seqanda, UPetunia, njalo-njalo), kanti elithi (Dandelions, imipha, cornflowers, oojongilanga, unina kunye nomnye umama, kunye nabanye).

Iintlobo ngeentlobo kweentyatyambo izityalo makhulu kangangokuba ukugquma zonke inqaku elifanayo, Kakade ke, akunakwenzeka. Ngapha koko, lonke usapho ngamakhulu namawaka iintlobo, uneempawu zawo ngamnye kubume nenkangeleko.

izityalo azive

Ngelishwa, nangona ubuhle nanto izityalo ezininzi abe iipropati enamandla ezingenabungozi, okt ayityhefu kakhulu ezahlukeneyo ezixinene inezinto ukuba bungabi okanye ukubulala abantu, izilwanyana kunye nazo zonke ezinye iintlobo izidalwa eziphilayo.

Nabameli ezinjalo kufuneka bazise abantwana ebuntwaneni, khon 'ukuze uqonde kangakanani na ihlabathi yingozi ngaphandle. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo akwi yityhefu, mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, kukho amawaka iintlobo. Ukuze igama ezimbalwa ngabameli eqhelekileyo kuphela:

• ikhephu snowdrop;
• empumalanga eseshumi;
• ekwindla crocus;
• daffodils;
• amaryllis;
• inyibiba entilini;
• Poppy soporific;
• lamprocapnos;
• buttercup eqhelekileyo;
• iris;
• dieffenbachia;
• rozi;
• oleanders kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kucacile ukuba eli qela ekunokuthiwa izityalo ezingamayeza. Ithamo kwandisa naliphi na iyeza kunokuba ityhefu.

iintyatyambo ezidla

Umdla yi indlela yonikezelo ezinye izityalo ekweleenjiko kunye ikhweyitha le planethi. Ba insectivorous lipapashe hayi ivumba elithozamisayo kunye umdla ivumba enukayo. The main Iintlobo:

• flytrap Venus;
• sundew;
• eyekiswe;
• Sarracenia;
• pemphigus;
• pinguicula.

Ngokwangaphandle, ukuba imilo umdla kakhulu kunye nombala eliqaqambileyo. Baye iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo ukubamba ekwetyiseni izinambuzane nezikrekrethi ezincinane.