Iinyosi: inkcazelo Iinyosi uhlobo, iimpawu kunye neemveliso ukufuywa

Species of bee (Apoidea) kukho imali enkulu. Kuphela inxalenye yaseYurophu elalisakuba yiSoviet Union kukho ngaphezu kwewaka. Kodwa, Kakade, umdla ngabantu kuphela elinye iintlobo - bee honey (Apis mellifera).

Ukuba zikhethwe izinambuzane kakhulu yokuzalela nemveliso kunye nabantu babo kwakudala. Umphumo waba ukuvela kukho inani elikhulu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo Iinyosi. Ngamnye kubo, kucetyiswa ukuba ukulima kwindawo ethile kunye neemeko zezulu ezifanele.

A bit imbali: amatakane yokuqala leenyosi iimpawu zazo

Indawo awazalelwa kuyo Hymenoptera ingqalelo kuMbindi-Mpuma, iYurophu kunye Afrika. Kunikwe kwakhona indawo iinyosi kwezinye iindawo abantu umhlaba nasonasiphi na isiphumo phantse akazange abe. Uzimisele kakhulu zizinto ngentsimbi efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ngenxa yokukhetha yendaleko - ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngokwendalo - kwakukho ezinye iintlobo zamandulo leenyosi. iinyosi Modern kubabiza iintlanga. Iqela ngalinye kwaye wakhonza njengendawo yokuqala yokudala iintlobo ubuninzi elinemveliso ezifuywayo. "Ufakelo" ukuze kuloo ndawo ethile - loo nto ikakhulu luphawulwa izinambuzane ezifana iinyosi. Uhlobo, reviews apho okona kulungileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo regionalized. Kwiimeko ezininzi, igama lweentlobo kwenzeka ukusuka kwindawo apho kuyo kususelwe. Ihanjiswa, nayiphi na usapho mveliso kungenzeka ukuba balahlekelwe kwimveliso.

Ziziphi iintlobo ezifuyelwa eRashiya

Kwilizwe lethu, ukufuywa kananjalo ukwenza ixesha elide. Ngoko ke, iintlobo "abafazi abasebenza" owayenefama apiary, zininzi. Nazi zohlobo uthandwayo leenyosi Russia:

• entabeni abaseAfrika;

• Kranjska;

• Buckfast;

• zeCarpath;

• Ukrainian;

• emathafeni;

• Russian Central.

Abameli zonke ezi ntlobo - a iinyosi gqitha yaye ezizalayo. Uhlobo iinyosi zisenokwahluka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kuba yintoni na, uze ujonge elandelayo.

Kuphantsi kweziphi izizathu olulodwa zingahlukaniswa kwezinye

Eneneni bees izinambuzane ekuthiwa Hymenoptera kusapho Ulwamvila esibukhali kwaye isisu segolide wayifulela imivumbo abamnyama. Kulo mzekelo, omnye zohlobo evela kwenye nga azakubalulwa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ubude khala;

• ubunzima kunye nobukhulu;

• features umbala;

• ulunya leyo;

• roylivosti;

• ukumelana nezifo.

Central bee Russian: inkcazelo jikelele

Olu hlobo siyakhuthazeka eRashiya yonke indawo. Kuyinto ethandwayo kuquka eSiberia. Wamsa naye apha ngo-1792 ukususela Bashkiria Colonel NF Arshenevsky. Emva koko, le iinyosi ngcembe baqalisa ukuhlala kuyo eSiberia. Kwinkulungwane edluleyo, ukuvela kweentlobo Bashkir aliguqukanga. Srednerusskaya hlobo leenyosi neneempawu zilandelayo:

• khala 5.9-6.4 mm;

• elikhulu kakhulu (ngenye imini bee ubunzima malunga ne-110 g);

• umbala emnyama - ukusuka amnyama grey nzulu, ngaphandle yellowing;

• impendulo fast ezintweni lwangaphandle ulunya leyo;

• wayevuma ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana nezifo nonyamezelo.

Izinto eziluncedo zinyosi Central Russian

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le hlobo uthathwa ukuba kwilizwe lethu elinemveliso kakhulu. Yokubalekela Central Russian bee bekukho isixa esikhulu yobusi. Ukuba lo hlobo, umzekelo, onazo ingqokelela irekhodi kunye fireweed - 328 kg ngonyaka yentsapho nganye.

Ukukwazi ebelapha ukudlulisela bezobletny isiCoci-xesha ngenyanga 7-8 - enye inzuzo eyahlula ezi iinyosi. Ezizalana kuyo iinyosi, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, ku fuduka zabo kunqabile kakhulu. Kuba eRussia akunjalo. Le yenye neentlobo ezinqabileyo ukuba batwabulule phezu kwiindawo ezinkulu ngaphandle koncedo lomntu.

Ngelishwa, namhlanje abafuyi Central bee Russian anikela ingqalelo kakhulu. Kwaye kulilize. Oku ngenene hlobo engcono iinyosi kwi kummandla Russia. ukusebenza kwayo phezulu, sifo kwizifo, unyamezelo - onke ukwenza apiary Kuninzi iindleko-ngempumelelo kunokuba kwiintlobo zizalele esemazantsi.

emathafeni Ukrainian: Inkcazo

Njani kanye kanye le hlobo nangoku ayaziwa mntu. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba iinyosi emathafeni Ukrainian - yinto nje isebe emazantsi Central. Abanye bathi ukuba isalamane le Carpathians okanye Kranjska. Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, emathafeni Ukrainian yahluke kakhulu naziphi na ezinye iintlobo leenyosi kokubini inkangeleko nokuziphatha iimpawu lula bodwa luhlobo olwahlukileyo. Eyenziwe 1929, izazinzulu A. S. Skorikovym.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili olwahlula emathafeni Ukrainian zezi:

• khala 6.34-6.64 cm ubude;

• ubunzima kunokuba phezulu (105 g);

• umbala emnyama grey ngaphandle yellowing;

• hayi ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ulunya leyo;

• wayevuma eliphantsi ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana nezifo nokunyamezelana kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo leenyosi emathafeni Ukrainian

Izinto eziluncedo yale hlobo, ukongeza unyamezelo, iquka ukuvelisa eliphezulu kunye nomsebenzi, ukukhusela iindlwane zazo ukubiwa ubusi nezinye izinambuzane. Ukuchuma, chaza lula ngaphandle predroevogo, utyekelo ukugcina ezifanelekileyo kuyasetyenzwa ya ntumbuluko - into eyahlukileyo Ukrainian iinyosi emathafeni. Zizala iinyosi ukwahlula kunye neemeko flow nobusi. emathafeni Ukrainian kule nkalo nganto kwezinye iintlobo. Phakathi ezingeloncedo zayo ngokuyintloko ukuba uyakwazi ukuqokelela incindi kuphela kwizityalo ezinomthamo omkhulu iswekile (18%).

bee zeCarpath: imiqondiso amatakane

Olu hlobo linophawu iseti yonke lweempawu kwezoqoqosho kunye eziphilayo. Uphononongo ngokucwangcisiweyo nto yaqala ngo-1966 phantsi kulinyathelo Professor selhozakademii kubo. Timiryazeva GA Avtisyana. Ebonakala uhlobo zeCarpath leenyosi ezilandelayo iimpawu eziphambili:

• elide kakhulu khala 6.3-7 m;

• yobukhulu enkulu (ukuya kwi 110 g);

• isisu ndiyingwevu;

• uxolo;

• hayi wayevuma eliphezulu kakhulu ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana kuthelekiswa izifo kunye novelwano kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Iinyosi zeCarpath abadlule ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo, ubudala kusiya kuqokelelana umpe. Ubusi, ezi zinambuzane print 'owomileyo "indlela.

Abanye kwexesha eyadlulayo, iinyosi abalimi ezizodwa zizala uhlobo bee zeCarpath yayi vezelwe - eMoscow. izilwanyana imini Ubunzima le iqela ukufikelela 120 g imibala uhlobo leenyosi eMoscow na ubuhle eliqaqambileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo amatakane zeCarpath

Izinto eziluncedo leenyosi abahlala eentaba i Carpathians, ziquka imveliso phezulu, unyamezelo nesimilo ngoxolo. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye abaninzi, eli hlobo uyakwazi ukuqokelela isixa esikhulu yobusi, nkqu nezityalo isiqulatho iswekile eliphantsi. Bobubi yale bee isiqhelo ukuba ubusela, sinciphise imveliso propolis kunye sengqondo akakukhathalele njengenundu amafutha. Noko ke, ngenxa imveliso ephakamileyo, zeCarpath kunye eMoscow - yathandwa kakhulu leenyosi eRashiya.

Kranjska bee

Olu hlobo senziwa eentaba Alps. Evela kuye kamva waya bee zeCarpath. Sezulu zethu olu hlobo zinexabiso elikhulu kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko ahlukile zezi:

• hayi nkawu elide kakhulu (6.9 mm);

• ubunzima enkulu kangangoko nengenzulu (110 g);

• grey kunye Ndileka yesilivere, umbala omnyama okanye sinombala le isisu;

• ubuntu enoxolo nezolileyo;

• wayevuma kunokuba phezulu ukuphithizela;

• hardiness ebusika kunye ukumelana nezifo.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezi zilwanyana iphawulwa luphuhliso kwentwasahlobo. Iinyosi incindi ukuba ungakwazi ezinobude ka 1500 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Iingenelo neengozi Kranjska bee

Izinto eziluncedo yalo uhlobo ziquka umsebenzi ophezulu yingqokelela ubusi nkqi, ukukwazi ukuswitsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka okubi ukuya izityalo kakhulu ukuba lungqanyaniswe nemozulu embi, ukusetyenziswa eyongayo wokutya ebusika. Eyona ethile ephambili zeCarpath uhlobo wayevuma ngaphandle ukuphithizela kucingwa ukhuselo ezibuthathaka iindlwane ukusuka ubusela.

Iimpawu zizala Buckfast

Uhlobo leenyosi, ukuchazwa endababalwa ngentla, kunokuba cultured phantse yonke imimandla yelo lizwe. Buckfast - uhlobo elinemveliso, kodwa hayi ebandayo-enganyangekiyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kufanelekile ukuba ukulima kwi engundoqo kuphela ezindaweni esemazantsi. Kusungulwa kulo hybrid kwaba kokuwela, lia, iintlobo Italian Macedonian, umYiputa namGrike kwi-20 ka seal kwinkulungwane yokugqibela Carl Kerhle. Ezona mpawu olubonakalisa ephambili inyosi Buckfast zezi:

• khala ubude eliphakathi;

• ubunzima enzima (115 g);

• umbala umfaniswano yellow-brown;

• ukuthula;

• avareji wayevuma ukuphithizela;

• ukumelana nezifo (ingakumbi akarapidozom) novakalelo amaqondo aphantsi.

Iinyosi le hlobo icocwe kakuhle kakhulu kobutyobo kunye ezindlwini zazo inokubhabha kuba isicengo esi phezu imigama emide.

Ubuhle lobubi

Kuzo zonke zohlobo Western Yurophu bee Buckfast yeyona elinemveliso kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ezi iinyosi ezahlukeneyo fecundity kunye nezimo kakhulu iimeko zokusingqongileyo ukutshintsha. Bobubi ziquka degree eliphantsi ikakhulu lwe hardiness. Xa ezizalayo kwimimandla esemantla eRashiya ukuba ezi zisele leenyosi kufuneka ifudumale.

Mountain bee abaseAfrika: iimpawu eziphambili

Yintoni uhlobo leenyosi Yaphathana kumazantsi kwilizwe lethu kodwa? intaba abaseAfrika uhlala isikakhulu ezintabeni eArmenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Kwilizwe lethu, oko exutywe kwi Krasnodar kunye aseStavropol Territory. iimpawu olubonakalisa ezingundoqo zezi zilandelayo:

• khala 6.7-7.25 mm;

• umzimba kakhulu ubunzima (90 g);

• umbala yesilivere-nozithobela akukho inclusions ngechitin lulubhelu;

• wayevuma ezincinane ukuphithizela;

• na ukumelana eliphezulu kakhulu ukuba izifo, novelwano yiqabaka.

Iinyosi le hlobo ongayithandiyo ngamathontsi. Ngoko, kwi zisele kwakufuneka amalungiselelo umoya olungileyo. Ngexesha ebandayo, le iintlobo leenyosi aya kugcinwa nje kuphela iindlela ebusika, kodwa kwakhona ngaphandle.

Iingenelo neengozi uhlobo gray abaseAfrika

Izinto eziluncedo ze lolu hlobo iinyosi kwindawo yokuqala kukukwazi makaqokelele isixa esikhulu yobusi, nkqu izityalo eziqulathe iswekile encinci. Weight inzuzo kwi indlu kunokuba ukuya ku 1.5 kg ngosuku. Kwakhona a plus Grey abaseAfrika uhlobo kugqalwa umthamo kakuhle iintsapho ukukhusela iindlwane kunye isivuno eliphezulu propolis.

Bobubi ezi zilwanyana leenyosi zinxulumene ngokuyintloko hayi enokumelana okuhle kakhulu sisifo. Kuba abo kwi zisele of amathanga bee kufuneka ibe ukudala iimeko kakhulu bekhululekile. Xa kuthelekiswa emathafeni Ukrainian kwaye kumbindi weRashiya, olu hlobo awukwazi ukumelana kakhulu obushushu aphantsi. Yiloo nto kumlungele kuninzi yokwandisa kuphela kwimimandla emazantsi eli lizwe. Kwakhona, le iinyosi baphelelwa ezinye iintlobo eziliqela ubusi ngokwemiqathango imveliso kwi ukunyotywa eliphezulu.

Eyona engundoqo imveliso ye ukufuywa

Inzuzo ephambili kuzo zonke iintlobo ezichazwe ngasentla, kakade, imveliso ephakamileyo. Kuthetha ukuthini eli gama? Iimveliso eziphambili zezi bee nobusi, amafutha kunye propolis. Ukongeza, ezi zinambuzane ezifuyelwa kwi apiaries ukuze bafumane ijeli royal ezixabisekileyo kakhulu, umungu kunye bee yinyongo.

iimpawu ubusi

Imveliso engundoqo ukufuywa iye kakhulu ikhemikali kuqamba ezintsonkothileyo. Ubusi imithi, bactericidal kunye neempawu zokutya. iimpawu zayo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi: amatakane leenyosi, iintlobo zezityalo, imozulu, njl Kuxhomekeka yobusi unokuba isiqulatho ezahlukeneyo amanzi, imichiza ukubunjwa, umbala, sisidanga crystallization, etc .....

Iintlobo le mveliso, kukho ezininzi:

• engamanzi kakhulu (clover, nemingampunzi);

• ulwelo (buckwheat, ikalika);

• obukhulu (edandelion);

• ngcina (uju);

• jelly (Irhasi).

Ubusi isetyenziswa ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa kunye namayeza. Lusetyenziswa iikeyiki kunye ehla, kwenziwe ukusebenzisa kwayo anti-ukuguga izithambiso, ziwe kunye ishampu. Xa amayeza, le mveliso kakhulu isetyenziswa ekomelezeni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kunye nearhente anti-ukudumba. Ukongeza, ubusi naye olwa yendalo.

value fini

Le imveliso kwi indlu lenza imisebenzi ezimbini: ukukhusela iinyosi ukusuka ukufuma ngokugquma iqokobhe zabo ngechitin, kwaye isebenza material ekwakheni iiseli. Njengobusi, ziinyosi wax unokuba umbala owahlukileyo kunye nokwakheka. Sebenzisa le mveliso exabisekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zoqoqosho: ishishini weemfele, ishishini ukukhanya, ukutya, kwaye ngexesha yokunyibilikisa isinyithi kunye noshishino moya lowo. Enye yezona iinkalo ziphambili sicelo amayeza. Le wax esetyenziswa ukunyanga izifo zezikhumba, njengoko inxeba ukuphiliswa kunye nearhente anti-ukudumba.

Yintoni propolis?

Le yenye imveliso ingafunyanwa ukuxutywa izinambuzane ezifana iinyosi. Uhlobo zinyosi kuninzi, kwaye bonke ukuvelisa propolis luncedo. Ngokuthi ngcina njengokuba ezizodwa umnyama ngebala. Iinyosi zisebenzisa ukuba kutywinwe iintanda ngaphakathi endlwini yazo. Umbala kunye ivumba ukwimo zixhomekeke ngokuyintloko koko uhlobo lwezityalo nobusi bekhula kufutshane ukuya apiary. Propolis ingaba esimdaka okanye lube mnyama. Zonke iintlobo zezondlo - iivithamini, acid kunye nezinto umkhondo - le mveliso iqulethe imali enkulu.

Le nyosi sikwi ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu ezifumaneka amayeza. Ngoncedo aphathe yayo nangokhwekhwe kunye nezinye izifo zezikhumba, gastritis, isilonda Peptic, ukudumba kunye t. D.

jelly yasebukhosini

Oku mhlawumbi imveliso kakhulu ezixabisekileyo ukufuywa. Lobisi lokondla izinambuzane zesibeleko mibungu kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso. Kuyinto ivuselela enamandla kakhulu eziphilayo, eziquka inani elikhulu sineendidi. Ukuyondelelana zejeli kufana cream ezimuncu kwaye umbala omhlophe.

Oku iimveliso bee ziluncedo kakhulu yokuba iyakwazi kakhulu ukwandisa omzimba lomntu. Ubisi iphinde isetyenziselwe iinjongo unyango lwezifo nervous system, ubudlolo kwakunye induku, uxinzelelo ukuzinza, bemthoba iswekile yegazi, njalo-njalo. D.

Umungu bee ukuqaqamba

Wabiza ambrosia pollen, izinambuzane eqokelelwe azigcinele ebusika. Ukuze ukungcamla le mveliso kufana rye isonka. Xa perge njengoko propolis, iqulethe izixa ezikhulu asidi acid, iivithamini kunye neeminerali. Nezicola konke kwi-100%. Eyona ndawo iphambili lokusebenzisa umungu amayeza kunye cosmetology.

Bee ukuqaqamba siyimveliso okhethekileyo umsebenzi secretory kumzimba nesinambuzane. Kuyinto ecacileyo ulwelo, ezingenambala kunye livumba kunokuba mnandi. nokubunjwa kwayo chemical akukaqondwa kakuhle kude kube ngoku. Kukholelwa ukuba linokugqiba abantu babe 500 impovane ngexesha elifanayo. Ibe ncinci njengoko bee ubuhlungu zingasetyenziswa njenge-arhente anti-ukudumba kunye elwa.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

iintlobo Bee, Yaphathana eRashiya, zininzi. Inkoliso yabo luphawulwa kwemveliso eliphezulu. Zizalele Russian, Ukrainian, iinyosi intaba ezingwevu Central kunye nezinye iintlobo kuxoxwe ngasentla ingaba ishishini eliphumelelayo ngokwenene, bezise inkosi yakhe ingeniso entle, kwaye uqoqosho - iinzuzo eziphathekayo.