Amalungu excretory ku mbambela. Indlela esakhiwe ngayo esi saselwandle esineqokobhe

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana. Oku kunye flatworms, kunye coelenterates, kunye annelids, kunye arthropods kunye echinoderms kunye chordates. Inzululwazi ojongene isifundo kubo kuthiwa biology. Esineqokobhe - Kwakhona enye iintlobo zezilwanyana. Baya kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku. Kukho kwakhona isebe ekhethekileyo eziphilayo, lifunda iqela yezilwanyana. malacology wabiza. A inzululwazi ojongene isifundo iqokobhe mollusc, - conchology.

Uphawu jikelele kweembaza

Abameli olu hlobo kwakhona ngokuba spineless. Abasakwazi zahlukahlukene. Inani iintlobo - malunga 200 amawaka.

Eli qela izilwanyana multicellular zahlulwe iiklasi ezisibhozo:

• Namaqokobhe.
• Vehicles.
• Solenogastres.
• Caudofoveata.
• Monoplacophora.
• Neegastropods.
• Izinyo shell.
• Izilwanyana.

Umzimba yezi zilwanyana kuba amalungiselelo kwenye yaye lo mgaqo mnye. Okulandelayo iya ukuxoxwa ingenkcukacha ezininzi yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe isici.

amalungu kunye neenkqubo ilungu

Esineqokobhe, kwakunye nezilwanyana ezininzi multicellular, yakhekani yeendidi ezahlukeneyo amalaphu, ezo yinxalenye abasemagunyeni. Nevuthisayo ngexesha icala, benza iinkqubo omzimba.

Ubume kweembaza ibandakanya iinkqubo zilandelayo:

• yegazi;
• system kunye nokusebenzisa ingqiqo amalungu luvo;
• sokugaya;
• excretory;
• uphefumlayo;
• sex;
• izigqubuthelo zomzimba.

Masithathe ngolungelelwano.

kwegazi

Ku mbambela yena Vula uhlobo. Oku kuquka imibutho efana:

• intliziyo;
• nezitsha.

molluscs intliziyo ubunjwe amagumbi amabini okanye amathathu. Le ventricle omnye imithambo omnye okanye emibini.

igazi abaninzi spineless ine umbala engaqhelekanga elinombala. Le imibala unika sombala hemocyanin kwakhe nokuphefumla, kuhlanganiselo eekhemikhali ebandakanya zezobhedu. Le nto iye umsebenzi ofanayo naleyo mpilo.

Igazi ujikeleza phakathi molluscs ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: empahleni yegazi oko obegalelwe kulo izithuba phakathi imizimba - lacunae kunye sinuses. Wabuya ke buthathwa kwiinqanawa ebebunikwe iimpumlo okanye semiphunga.

luvo

Ku mbambela engena iintlobo ezimbini: ileli uhlobo saa-node.

Okokuqala kwakhiwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kukho peripharyngeal isangqa ukusuka apho yandisa umphanda ezine. Ababini kubo innervate unyawo kunye nezinye ezimbini - ngaphakathi.

Luvo lohlobo saa-node kube nzima ngakumbi. Liphethe ngambini eesekethe seli zemithambo-luvo. Ezimbini esiswini linoxanduva innervation amalungu angaphakathi, yaye ezimbini emoto - ngonyawo. Zombini ngababini eesekethe-luvo ngamakhonkco akhoyo - ganglia. Zisoloko izibini ezintandathu: buccal, ebuchotsheni, pleural, enyovwayo, Parietal kunye visceral. I innervate yokuqala pharynx, le yesibini - le Mpondwana namehlo, eyesithathu - yokwaleka, kunye neyesine - umlenze, lwesihlanu - isixokelelwano sokuphefumla, owesithandathu - nezinye nezibilini.

ingqondo

Kukho saselwandle esineqokobhe imizimba enjalo, ebavumela ukuba bafumane ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo:

• Mpondwana;
• amehlo;
• statocysts;
• Osphradium;
• iiseli nemizwa.

Amehlo kunye nemisipha afumaneka phezu kwentloko yaloo nkomo. Osphradium kufuphi isiseko iimpumlo. Oku izitho imichiza. Statocysts - a amalungu ukulingana. Ba ngeenyawo. iiseli Ukudideka banoxanduva ingqiqo wetatshi. Bona kubekwe esesiphelweni yokwaleka, intloko kunye nomlenze.

inkqubo alimentary

Ubume udaka libonelela amalungu zilandelayo iphecana:

• emqaleni;
• umphimbo;
• isisu;
• midgut;
• hindgut.

Kwakhona, isibindi ekhoyo. Xa izilwanyana , kukho kwakhona zepancreas.

Le umqala soft-eyomeleleyo kukho nomzimba esikhethekileyo besila ukutya - radula. Kubhaliwe wayifulela amazinyo ukusuka ngechitin, ehlaziywa njengoko ngokugaya yamandulo.

amalungu excretory ku molluscs

Le nkqubo iqulathe ezi izintso. Zibizwa ngokuba metanephridia. amalungu excretory ku mbambela ezifanayo nezo ze-iintshulube. Kodwa zicwangciswe nzima ngakumbi.

amalungu excretory ku mbambela kuvela njengeseti emajikojiko neetyhubhu ayoni. Metanephridia enye isiphelo ivula esakeni coelomic, kunye nezinye - out.

Excretory amalungu mbambela ekhona hi mpimo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izilwanyana kufuneka metanephridia omnye kuphela ibekwe kwicala lasekhohlo. Xa monoplacophora elifana neli kangangoko ulwabiwo 10-12 omzimba.

Xa metanephridia saselwandle esineqokobhe baziqwebele iimveliso inkunkuma. Bona zimelwe izigaqa uric acid. Zisuswe umzimba wesilwanyana ukuba qho emva kweeveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu.

Kwakhona yinxalenye yenkqubo excretory kwi molluscs zingabizwa imithambo, athi abenoxanduva yokuhluza igazi.

isixokelelwano sokuphefumla

yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe ezahlukeneyo ngayo limelwe kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, uninzi iigilizi abakhoyo soft-eyomeleleyo. Kananjalo ngokuba ctenidium. It nesithandwa imizimba ilungelo feathery. Bona ise em- yokwaleka. Xa mbambela eziphila emhlabeni, endaweni iigilizi, kukho ukukhanya. It is a yokwaleka umgodi iguqulwe kancinane. neendonga zaso ukungena yi imithambo yegazi.

Kwakhona yindawo ebalulekileyo exchange igesi ithatha ulusu yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe umoya.

uhlelo zokuzala

Kokuba zicwangciswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kukho phakathi squid ezi hermaphrodites kunye neentlobo dioecious. Kwimeko xa kwezichumiso hermaphroditism izenzo umntu ngamnye abe inkunzi nemazi.

Ngoko ke, ndakubona konke iinkqubo iziko yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe.

izigqubuthelo zomzimba yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe

Ubume lwesi sakhi yahluka xa abameli kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.

Makhe sijonge iinketho ezahlukeneyo integument, apho kufuneka imizekelo saselwandle esineqokobhe, isilwanyana ezivela iklasi ethile.

Ngoko ke, ngo solenogastres neendebe caudofoveata lizisa yokwaleka esigquma umzimba wonke, kunye Ulobuza eyenziwa glycoproteins. Kwakhona spicule langoku - uhlobo lwe yenaliti, enamakhulu kwekalika.

Xa bivalves, neegastropods, izilwanyana, kunye amazinyo iqokobhe monoplakfor Ulobuza ndingekho. Kodwa kukho iqokobhe, nto leyo iquka kwipleyiti enye okanye ezimbini kwimeko namaqokobhe. Ezinye ngezigaba of neegastropods iklasi le nxalenye sheets ezishiyiweyo.

Iimpawu Shell isakhiwo

It lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngeengcamba ezintathu: engaphandle, phakathi kunye ngaphakathi.

Inxalenye engaphandle yeqokobhe isoloko kwakhiwa ukusuka organic amachiza. Amaninzi ke conchiolin. Le Ngaphandle kuphela kulo mgaqo kuya kuqwalaselwa silwanyana Crysomallon squamiferum kwiklasi ye neegastropods. Kuye .lulwaleko lwangaphandle ubunjwe sulfides ferrum.

Inxalenye phakathi lembaza iqokobhe yenziwa calcite columnar.

Internal - ipleyiti calcite.

Apha siye sakufunda ngokweenkcukacha ubume molluscs.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela yithi gqaba-gqaba amalungu ezinkulu kunye neenkqubo iqumrhu soft-eyomeleleyo kwindlela yemigca. Kwakhona ukunika imizekelo molluscs akwi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo.

Ngoku cinga abameli kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo squid kunye neempawu yesakhiwo.

Apha siye sahlolisisa iimpawu noshowo ngabameli ezingundoqo zohlobo kweembaza.