Iipropati Chemical asidi

Asidi ebizwa iikhompawundi ezintsonkothileyo yabhalwa-athom hydrogen kokuba ikhono kufakwe athom yesinyithi, kwaye kukho intsalela asidi.

Asidi are electrolytes. Iipropati zemichiza asidi ichazwe ngu ukwakhiwa kwawo.

Lokuhlela acid ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

1. Ngokutsho inani athom hydrogen.

2. Xa kukho ioksijini.

3. Ngokutsho iqondo dissociation.

Ngokutsho inani athom oxygen (oku kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zemichiza asidi) ukuba yahlulwe anoxic (emanzini, zehydrochloric acid njalo njalo. D.) Yaye ioksijini-equlathe (nitric, kabi, kunye silicic t. D.)

Ngokutsho inani athom hydrogen le acid zezi:

- monobasic, elinye iperoksayidi atom (zehydrochloric acid, nitric acid);

- dibasic equlathe athom ezimbini hydrogen (sulphuric acid, hydrogen sulphide);

- tribasic equlathe ezintathu atom hydrogen (phosphoric).

Njengokuba inkalo sesithathu iasidi yahlulwe electrolytes ezibuthathaka (phosphoric, గుర్తులు ibhaloni, njl D.) Yaye electrolytes eyomeleleyo (zehydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric).

Iipropati Chemical asidi

Ukubakho ion ze-hydrogen izisombululo asidi umisela imeko yabo iacid ubumuncu. Noko ke, aninako uzame phezu ulwimi kangangoko ukutsha imichiza.

Litmus Isalathisi methyl iorenji kwaye itshintsha umbala layo phantsi kwempembelelo asidi.

izisombululo Acid azithethelele oxides ezingundoqo, nto leyo uluhlu yityuwa namanzi.

Le asidi basabela kunye metal ukuya ekhohlo element hydrogen iintsimbi ombane kumqolo. Ngenxa yoko a netyuwa intsimbi kunye hydrogen.

Le asidi ukuxubana iziseko. Indlela abasabela okuphindwe ityuwa, kunye namanzi. Indlela abasabela phakathi acid kunye kwealkali (isiseko) ubizwa ngokuba basabela neutralization.

Le asidi basabela kunye izisombululo ityuwa, xa imeko ingenzeka kunye ikhondo indlela ukuya ekupheleni kunaniselwano ion, ngamanye a kwenze okanye igesi uyakhululwa.

Iimpawu imichiza organic asidi babe neempawu zabo.

Iimpawu phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid kunye nezisombululo zayo zolwelo ezi asidi buthathaka kakhulu ezifana nitric kunye sulphuric. Le asidi, apho isakhiwo kukho athom ezintathu oksijini. An dissociation electrolytic of phosphoric acid kwenzeka stepwise. UMbane oQhelekileyo acid - phosphoric acid, iimpahla zazo yamachiza ichazwe kuqamba.

Ngesisombululo phosphoric acid, ion phosphate dihydrogen ezisegumbini engundoqo. Ion leyo akhiwa kule isigaba dissociation lwesibini kakhulu ngaphantsi, kunye ion phosphate, isiphumo kweqonga ionization wesithathu, phantse emsebenzini. Kwinqanaba lokuqala Inqanaba phosphoric acid - enamandla acid eliphakathi. Ekubeni kukho iintlobo ezintathu iintsalela emuncu kwi intsebenziswano ye-acid phosphoric kunye neetyuwa kwealkali akhiwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: phosphate, phosphate hydrogen phosphate dihydrogen.

Orthophosphoric acid inokuba ahluka ukusuka kwenye nenye esiti awasabela nitrate yesilivere, apho kwenziwa i kwenze ezimthubi. Nezinye ii-asidi phosphorus Ngokusebenza nitrate yesilivere ukwenza kwenze emhlophe. Orthophosphoric acid on zokufudumeza kwaye yenza lusicande amanzi pyrophosphoric acid.

Iipropati lwemichiza zehydrochloric acid

Zehydrochloric acid i acid monobasic obuluqilima iipropati boqobo asidi. Enemibala lokhu kancinci isisombululo ulwelo hydrogen chloride emanzini. Neetyuwa ze zehydrochloric acid zibizwa ngokuba "chloride".

Zehydrochloric acid nibe senilungile ngokuhlanganisa izisombululo sodium chloride kunye sulphuric acid, kwaye hydrogen chloride unyityilikiswa emanzini. Zehydrochloric acid idityaniswe isiseko, ngaloo ndlela bakha ityuwa kunye namanzi. Ngokuhlanganisa ndawonye neutralization kwealkali basabela kwenzeka. Unga uqinisekise le salathisi. utshintsho zawo umbala, into ke leyo exela isisombululo cala.

Indlela zehydrochloric acid kunye nitrate isilivere ikhokelela ukuyilwa neetyuwa enganyibilikiyo - chloride isilivere leyo ngokwemvula.

Zehydrochloric acid idityaniswe nesinyithi esebenzayo. Ukuba ufake isicombululo, zinc, ukubunjwa esebenzayo iqala nokukhululwa hydrogen.

Zehydrochloric acid lo boqobo acid, idityaniswe iziseko, isinyithi kunye neetyuwa.