Kwabantu enokwehla eRussia

Ebudeni benkulungwane yama-20, isosioloji Western kwaphawula ngendaleko ebalulekileyo, ngoko ngoku yinkqubo entsonkothileyo yeengqiqo, iimbono, iindlela kunye neengcamango. kwabantu enokwehla ibhekisa iingqiqo ebalulekileyo yokuhlalisana kwenkulungwane yama-20, kunye kwithiyori impixano zentlalo, uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kwaye esebenza, sociometry, ingcamango interactionism zokomfuziselo, isigama exchange lwentlalo yokuhlalisana phenomenological.

kwabantu enokwehla ibandakanya iinkalo ezimbini eziphambili:

- isicelo izifundo enokwehla apha kwabantu, lo msebenzi wabo ukwenza uphando ijolise ekusombululeni, imisebenzi yeprekthikhali kakuhle echazwe.

- Academy izifundo enokwehla apha kwabantu, lo msebenzi wabo ukuyilwa ulwazi lwenzululwazi malunga iinkqubo iziganeko kubomi kunye neendawo ezithile eziza kusetyenziswa njengesiseko methodological uphando lwezenhlalo.

kwabantu enokwehla ukusuka kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20 iyakhula hayi kuphela US kodwa eNtshona Yurophu. Abameli yesikolo reseach kuchaphazela kakhulu uluhlu olwahlukeneyo iminqweno, kodwa iingxaki eziphambili zezi isiseko solvable sethiyori methodological uphando, kwakunye ngokunxulumene nonxibelelwano nemiqulu lweendawo izicelo kunye nemfundo.

kwabantu olwenziwe eRashiya savela phambi kokuba revolution (P.Petrazhitsky, M.Kovalevsky et al.) Yaye kule yokuqala kwiminyaka elishumi emva (A.Gastev, S.Strumilin, A.Todorsky, N.Antsiferov, A.Chayanov, I.Bobrovnikov, A.Boltunov, M.Kornev, M.Lebedinsky, V.Olshansky et al.). Enokwehla Sociology eRashiya kule minyaka ingama-20 bafunda iingxaki yombutho yomsebenzi, ukwandisa ukuyilwa inkcubeko, indlela yobomi kunye nemveliso, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Ekuqaleni nenani-30 beqhuba izifundo ezo wema waza waqhubeka kuphela 70s (YuLevada, A.Zdravomyslov, I.Kon, G.Osipov, V.Rozhin ,, V.Shubkin, A.Harchev, V.Yadov et al.).

Namhlanje ukubona utshintsho kwindlela ulwazi. Umzekelo, VA iityhefu eyaziwa kwabantu, Russian lubonisa-qhinga zilandelayo reseach yophando iindlela ezahlukeneyo theoretical component. Nguye iceba ukwakha ethile enjalo paradigms theoretical: i ebekufudulwa yokuhlalisana - imvisiso ebanzi yolwalamano beengcamango ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

a) Ulwamkelo impendulo efanayo bulumko lo mbuzo, "yintoni social";

b) Ulwamkelo uluhlu ethile elipheleleyo ngxaki ukuze kwenziwe uphando ngaphakathi yipharadaym ethile;

c) ukuqaphela indlela ethile luxhaphakile ngokufaneleka nokuthembeka imigaqo ulwazi ngokunxulumene iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nezimo.

Uphuhliso lwe-Russia kunye isosioloji yskoy ngokutsha nezigaba ezithathu:

Inqanaba 1 (60- 80. ngenkulungwane lethoba.). Kukho yokuhlalisana kwi West kunye eRashiya, yaye, kanye. Oku kuthathwa nje isayensi, usebenzisa nezinye izifundo zesayensi njenge "yokugcina" izibakala eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso imithetho yayo ezithile malunga zentlalo statics. Ngeli xesha, zombini isosioloji yaphuhliswa njengesakhiwo esikolweni, organicism, ngezengqondo: yentlalo-psychism kunye nesikolo ayinyani.

kwabantu ayinyani wabumba imigaqo yakhe phambi nabani na. Injongo yaba umnqweno siphikise iingcinga ukulwelwa Russian kunye socialism.

izimvo indlela zengqondo ayihlola indima ebalulekileyo yimiba yenkcubeko eziphembelela lokukhuthazwa yokuziphatha kwabantu.

Isigaba 2 (80 -. 90 19.). Ngeli xesha kwakhiwa ufakelo antipositivist kunye Marxism. Ngeli xesha M.M.Kovalevsky wakhupha umsebenzi wakhe 'Sociology ". Wayeqonda kwabantu njenge inzululwazi yendaleko kunye nombutho kuluntu. Wagxininisa ukuba xa isosioloji nzima uyahambelana zoqoqosho, ngokwasengqondweni, imiba geographical, kodwa akukho namnye kubo, kwangaxeshanye, aliveli izigqibo.

Isigaba 3 (ukuya imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yama-20). Izikolo Ukukhokela - iniyo. Ngelo xesha ayila "isosioloji zamaKristu".

Inyathelo 4 (80s C 'kwinkulungwane yama-20 de N.V.). A nqanaba entsha, ziphawulwe ngokuthi utshintsho oluphawulekayo kwabantu, nto leyo ivunyiwe i isayensi elizimeleyo.