Yintoni na le ehlukanisayo ombane

Izahluli ombane ezisetyenziswa kakhulu elektroniki kuba ukuvumela ngendlela kangangoko zokusombulula ingxaki yommiselo ombane. Kukho izisombululo ezahlukeneyo oganogram kusukela elula, ezifana ezinye izibane eludongeni, ukuya koko kuntsonkothileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze shift iibhodi zolawulo normalizers engathi le ombane mbane.

Yintoni na ehlukanisayo ombane? Ukusekwa elula - sisixhobo ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke ugqithiso ratio (iqwalaselwe ngokwahlukileyo) olawula ombane imveliso kuthelekiswa igalelo.

Ekuqaleni kwiivenkile ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana isibane, isibane eludongeni, eyenzelwe kwanezibane ezimbini. phawu awodwa kukuba izibane baye yenzelwe ukusebenza kunye lombane volts 127. Le nkqubo idityaniswe ikhaya amandla socket ne-220 kwaye yasebenza ngempumelelo. Akukho imimangaliso! Eyona nto kukuba le ndlela kokuxhuma abaqhubi kwakhiwa nto kodwa ehlukanisayo ombane. Masikhumbule ingcamango esisiseko umbane, oko kukuthi, uqhagamshelwano enxuseneyo serial labathengi. Njengokuba kulazisa, silandelelaniswe kakuhle imo ziguquka kul ngokulinganayo, kunye notshintsho ombane i (umthetho ukukhumbula Ohm kaThixo). Ngoko ke, umzekelo nohlobo olufanayo bulb isibane oxhulumene kwi series, enika ukwehliswa kubonelelo ombane amaxesha amabini (110). Kwakhona, lo nomabi ombane ingafunyanwa kwi isixhobo, asasaze uphawu ukusuka eriyali enye ukuya nomabonakude ezininzi. Enyanisweni, imizekelo emininzi.

Makhe sihlolisise nomabi ombane elula kwi ngokwesiseko resistors ezimbini R1 R2. Resistance elidityaniswe kuyo series kwi izigqibo ekufumanekeni ekubonelelwe igalelo ombane Kaya Ukusuka kwindawo phakathi umqhubi odibanisa ezi resistors, kukho output olongezelelweyo. Oko kukuthi, kungcono ninikane emancamini ezintathu, ezimbini - ezi ezinjengeetheminali yangaphandle (phakathi ixabiso elipheleleyo ombane U) nakumndilili U1 yenza uze U2.

Ekubaleni nomabi ombane, esebenzisa umthetho Ohm kaThixo. Ekubeni = U / R, U na imveliso ye yangoku kwi uxhathiso. Ngako oko, le ndawo R1 kunye ombane na U1, lo gama R2 ukuba U2. Le yangoku ngoko ulingana (uxhulumaniso serial). Ngenxa umthetho abaphathi epheleleyo, siyabona ukuba supply isixa U U1 + U2.

Yintoni na ke ngoku phantsi kwezi meko? Generalizing inxaki, sifumana:

I = U / (R1 + R2).

Kule sikwazi ixabiso ombane (U uphume) kwi we nomabi (oku kunokuba zombini U1, kunye U2):

U uphume = U * R2 / (R1 + R2).

Kuba Izahluli kunye resistances adjustable kukho ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka kuqwalaselwa nenqanaba kokuhlaliswa, kunye nokusebenza.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, ezi izisombululo ayikwazi zisetyenziswa ukunyenyisa lombane kwabathengi ezinamandla. Umzekelo, kule ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuba amandla enjinini yombane. Esinye sezizathu - kuba resistor uyakuxabisa ngokwabo. Resistance kilowatts ukuba zinqongophele khona, iingcinga omkhulu enyamalala inxalenye amandla Nakuba ubushushu.

kufuneka alidityaniswanga ixabiso ukumelana umthwalo ngaphantsi kwe uxhathiso wombane busebenze le nomabi, kungenjalo kufuneka ukuba kubalwe le nkqubo lonke. Ngokufezekileyo umahluko nomabi R kunye umthwalo R kufuneka ibe nkulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kubalulekile ukuba ngokuchanekileyo khetha imilinganiselo R1 R2, ekubeni iimvaba ngokugqithisileyo kubandakanya ngokugqithiseleyo idrophu ombane, kwaye uya shushu ngokugqithisileyo ephantsi kakhulu, ilahleko kwi-eneji ngokutshisa.

Ukubala ehlukanisayo ixabiso ngokuqhelekileyo ezikhethiweyo ngexesha layo ngoku (umz, 10) mkhulu ngaphezu kul umthwalo enxibeleleneyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukwazi zangoku ombane, umlo edityanisiweyo ibalwa (R1 + R2). Ngakumbi iitafile elilandelayo amaxabiso ezikhethiweyo standard R1 R2 (ngenxa yokuba izakhono zazo yokusingatha amandla ukuphepha ukufudumeza kakhulu).