Self-buphindwe - yinto ... self-lokwanda eziphilayo

Ukukwazi lokuyivelisa ngokwayo luphawu eziphilayo. Kwindalo, kukho iindlela ezininzi yokuzala, ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwizizukulwana kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu.

Self-lokwanda eziphilayo

Ngaphandle inkqubo lokwanda eziphilayo kuya abasekho. Kodwa eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu bubuntu yenkqubo. Nokudlulisela ulwazi kuwo onke iimpawu ngesakhiwo ezibekwe impahla yemfuza eziphilayo, inikeza self-yokuzala. Le meko ibalulekileyo ngobukho ebomini. Ngapha koko, ukuba umzimba omtsha iza kuba ezinye iimpawu, oko nje abayi kusinda kwiindawo ezithile, idake. Ngokomzekelo, masithi: iintlanzi bazalwa emiphungeni endaweni iigilizi. izizukulwana ezininzi zezi zilwanyana njengaye. Bathi nje abanalo ixesha kwimo engqongileyo emanzini batshabalale. Kodwa oku akwenzeki indalo ngenxa yobukho iindlela ezininzi yokuzala.

agamobium

Self-lokwanda iiseli kunokwenzeka ngaphandle ukubandakanywa gametes. Kwizityalo, kuliwa ngokwamalungu kwezityalo. Abaninzi fungi, moss, horsetails, yefeni kunye ubulembu zibe imbewu - iiseli asetyenziselwa ukujikwa maqanda. Ezinye izinto eziphilayo kwiifom emzimbeni Buze, nto leyo likhula ngokuhamba kwexesha uguqulwe omzimba entsha. Khawuqwalasele ezi ndlela ezizalayo ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

sporulation

Self-nokukotshwa eziphilayo ngoncedo mbambano okokuqala inokufumaneka kwizityalo ezininzi abangekaphuhli - lisiza. Umzekelo, ziwela kwiseli Chlamydomonas, eshiya iseli inwebu kumzimba koomama, ukwandisa ngaphandle yaye ngokukhawuleza kukhule kubungakanani bayo. Kakade emva kweveki enye isencinci ayakwazi zokubumba iiseli asetyenziselwa ukujikwa maqanda. Le nkqubo phindwa amaxesha amaninzi.

izityalo ibihlungu ePhakamileyo kumjikelo yophuhliso mzuzu sizukulwana ngokwesondo kunye maqanda. Iingxabano kuye kwasekwa amalungu ezizodwa. Umzekelo, ukuba uzakumelwa ngebhokisi moss esiqwini, ngaphakathi ezo seli maqanda. Ukubaluleka yale nkqubo kukuba luwela luqokelelane ifane kumzimba koomama.

ngezakhi

Isiqu, amagqabi kunye neengcambu - igunya apho nayo yenziwa self-yokuzala. Yeyona iindawo kwezityalo ze kwisityalo. Undoqo yale nkqubo kuxhomekeke ekubuyiselweni nxalenye kulahleke omzimba. Umzekelo, petioles amagqabi ntyatyambo phambi amanzi, ubushushu kunye ingcambu radiation elanga ekhula.

izityalo Wood ibithuthwa badla ezityalwe kwezithungu - yinxalenye iHlumelo obude ethile. Ngelo xesha inye khona kwabo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke uhleli iidiliya, currants, gooseberries. Okona kubalulekileyo, le petioles kwakukho izintso ebonakalayo.

Isetyenziswa ukuze kwenziwe kanye ukuguqulwa amalungu kwezityalo. amatswele Potato, istrawberry amabhovu, iibhalbhu eTulip, rhizomes zingumsebenzi oyinyibiba wentlambo - ezi imizekelo yezityalo ukuba imilibo siguqulwe. Ukulungisa i ingcambu, ethi isetyenziswe yokuveliswa kwezityalo, sesona tuber. Dahlia kunye neebhatata phinda ngayo ngokusebenzisa kuyo.

gemmation

Self-phindana - inkqubo yokudala uhlobo lwazo. Enye indlela ngayo oku kwenzeka kuthiwa lolu. Ngoko ke nande igwele, amanzi hydra, scyphoids polyp nekorale. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kidney, oluthi luqokelelane kwi emzimbeni kamama, ukuba isisihla kwaye iqala khona elizimeleyo. Kodwa ngaba asithunyelwanga neekorale kwenzeka. Ngenxa zixhobo yoko kwasekwa iimilo ingako.

Forms kwenkqubo ngokwesondo

ukuzala okuzala ithatha indawo inxaxheba gametes - okuzala. Ezi ntlobo abangekaphuhli yokuzala sesincwaso conjugation kunye parthenogenesis. Eyokuqala ezi kuthathwa njengento umzekelo ciliate-izihlangu. ibhulorho cytoplasmic ukhandwa phakathi kwiiseli eziphilayo, apho ukutshintshiselana iinxalenye genetic material eziqulethwe iimolekyuli DNA.

Parthenogenesis naye self-phindana. Le nkqubo yophuhliso kwe ephilayo entsha esuka iqanda unfertilized. Ubukho parthenogenesis njengendlela yokuzala linentsingiselo eliphezulu kakhulu eziphilayo. Ngapha koko, le meko ukuze kuvele yokungabikho kwexesha elide amadoda ngamnye. Kwaye ngoko ke ubukho boluntu buya kuba semngciphekweni. Ke ukubonakala abantu iiseli ababhinqileyo lokuzala ngaphandle inkqubo kwezichumiso, uyayisombulula le ngxaki.

Ephezulu angiosperms amalungu okuzala nentyantyambo. iinxalenye yayo olusebenzayo - stamens kunye pistil - ziqulathe gametes: sperm namaqanda, ngokulandelelana kwazo. inkqubo isichumiso ngokuyimfuneko olungaphambi uvuvuzelo - ukudluliselwa umungu ukusuka istameni ukuya ibala. Oku kwenziwa ngumoya, izinambuzane okanye abantu. iiseli lwegciwane Further kwi ifomu ekudibaneni eyintsholongwane zizondlo nanceba - endosperm. Ndawonye bakha imbewu, nto leyo nayo umzimba yokuzalana ngokwesondo.

Kwezilwanyana, gametes ibekwe namadlala, benziwa ngeendlela deducing. Ngokutsho uhlobo uhlelo zokuzala yokwakha ukuba dioecious kunye Italasi - eziphilayo apho zombini ifomu kunye namabhinqa, kunye neeseli zesini eyindoda. Oku ikakhulu izilwanyana olwaye lwamfimfitha bondliwa ngumnini kwaye musa ukuba inkqubo yabo yokucola zabo, abahlala imibhobho of amathumbu akhe.

Meaning of self-phindana

Self-reproduction - i kulondolozwe ubomi bakhe. Ukukwazi ukukhula, kunye nokutya, ukuphefumla, ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, luphawu eziphilayo. Kukho kwakhona abameli zehlabathi eziphilayo, apho inkqubo ihamba yodwa. Ezi iintsholongwane - iintlobo ubomi non-cellular. Ziye ke yakhiwa iimolekyuli nucleic acid (iDNA okanye RNA) kunye ziiprotein iqokobhe. Ekubeni eso sakhiwo ukukwazi ukuvelisa yinkqubo kuphela kunokwenzeka isigqibo ngoweqela eziphilayo. Zingene umkhosi, bathi beqala ukuvelisa nucleic zayo kwaye protini. Le ndlela yokuzala kuthiwa self-ibandla. Kulo mzekelo, iinkqubo ezifanayo imisiwe umkhosi eziphilayo. Le ntsholongwane kuqala ukwanda. Iqala umkhuhlane, i-herpes, kobuchopho kunye nezinye izifo kunye nesisekelo efanayo. amasuntswana Abafa wentsholongwane egazini ngokuthi isenzo kwiiseli ezingenambala - leukocytes. Athatha amagciwane, ukuba bawaphanzisa.

Ngenxa yoko, bakwazi ukubhala ngokutsha abameli zonke izikumkani indalo. Kwaye inkqubo yokuzalela kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kugqiba ukuqhubeka izizukulwana kunye nokuqinisekisa eziphilayo emhlabeni.