Iipropati Thermophysical ekhasa

Xa indebe ngamanzi limele ixesha elide, ngoko ekugqibeleni onke amanzi kuwo ngumphunga nje. Kweli nqaku, sithetha nje malunga nokuba kutheni oku kusenzeka, uze uxoxe ngeempawu umphunga.

Abe ngumphunga kunye amafu

Iimolekyuli amanzi lobushushu efanayo ezihamba ngezantya ezahlukeneyo. Kakade ke, abaninzi kubo babelane amaxabiso oqhelekileyo isantya, kodwa ezinye kwezi zalathisi zahluke kakhulu.

Phantsi kwezi meko, yenzeka ukuba enye molekyuli fastest ufikelela umphezulu simahla emanzini.

Umphezulu simahla emanzini - lowo umda apho ulwelo yahlangana emoyeni. Emva ekubuyeleni isantya molecule singoyisa nokutsala kwezinye kancinci, iimolekyuli, nokuba ukushiya amanzi ngokwako. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ngumphunga. Iimolekyuli Abatyekayo amanzi ajikwa ngomphunga. Ngoku siza ngokwalo.

Ngumphunga - ukuguqula amanzi aba ngomphunga. Le nqubo ingathatha kwenzeka kuphela kwi-interface kunye nomoya.

Izinto zobumnini umphunga kubonisa kangangokuba emva kwexesha elithile imolekyuli ungalucima kwakhona emanzini. Oku kuthiwa ngamanzi.

Ulweliso - into malunga ngumphunga.

lizama nezakhi

Properties umphunga iyantlukwano, yaye ngoku siza kuthetha enye yezi.

Eku sunguleni, siye saxubusha ntoni xa molecule ishiya ulwelo, kodwa umzekelo sele kukhokelela indebe yamanzi evulekileyo. Ngoku makhe sithethe ngoko kwenzekayo xa indebe ivaliwe ngokuqinileyo. Kulo mzekelo, lexinene umphunga wamanzi baya kuvuka. Ngenxa yoku, amasuntswana kuya kuphazamisana nabanye ukuba ushiye umda kunye nomoya kuya kuncipha ngenxa yale nkqubo vaporization. Ngelo xesha bekuya ukwandisa izinga amafu, kuba ngenxa imali ukuqokelelana kwisibini molecule zitshintshele kwakhona emanzini uya kuba mkhulu.

Maxa wambi, kule meko, izinga amafu iya kulingana umlinganiselo ngumphunga. Ezi iimpawu zamanzi kunye umphunga kuthiwa - a lwesilinganiso olutshintshayo.

sizinze Dynamic - kuxa elinye kunye nexesha elinye, inani iimolekyuli ezithe wajika umphunga, lilingana nenani iimolekyuli zigqithile umva emanzini. Ukusuka oku, kulandela ukuba umthamo wamanzi akuyi ndinciphe, kwakunye nemali zomphunga. Oku kuthetha ukuba izibini baba "elizele".

umphunga ifumile - oku xa zilingana olutshintshayo ngamanzi, beza kuyo. Ngokufanayo, le umphunga ukuba ayikho kwimo lwesilinganiso eliguqukayo, ebizwa unsaturated.

Properties kumphunga kubonisa ukuba umphunga ifumile kuba usoloko ixabiso elikhulu ndinyanzelekile kwanokuxinana ngaphezu unsaturated. Oku kunjalo kuba uxinzelelo engumphunga ixabiso elikhulu kunye mninzi. Physics, ezi amaxabiso zibhalwe njengoko p kunye _n ρ _n, ngokulandelelana.

Iimpawu zomphunga ifumile

Oku kulandela inkcazelo ngasentla ukuba imeko engumphunga kungachazwa yi i'quadratic efanayo njengoko imo yegesi efanelekileyo. Ubuncinane ubudlelwane phakathi lexinene xi waphawula.

Iimpawu zamanzi kunye umphunga isimanga, ubuncinane, ngenxa yoko. Yaye isibakala le kunyuka lifane yegesi ofanelekileyo, iqinisekisiwe yi lokulinga. Okuphawuleka kuba iimpawu kunyuka zahluke kakhulu kwezo zegesi efanelekileyo. Kufuneka dwelisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo.

Density ukuxhomekeka lobushushu

Kufuneka wenze ekuqaleni sokumakishwa kwakhona kwaye bathi ukusebenzisa igama elithi "umphunga", oko kwakuthetha "umphunga elizele". Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu wobushushu zomphunga kwathetha ukuba lexinene ikwiqondo lobushushu efanayo akuxhomekekanga on volume. Ngoko ke, ukuba wenze i uxinzelelo ngumntu ngesitya etywiniweyo, ukunyuka umphunga for kwexesha elithile. Kwaye ekukhawuleziseni amafu kwaye maxa wambi udlula inkqubo ngumphunga. Oku kuza kuqhubeka de oko akwenzeki i lwesilinganiso olutshintshayo. Ekubeni Ukufika mninzi yayo yesiqhelo kwakhona.

Into efanayo ukuba azole ukuhlisa uxinzelelo, kuphela ukwanda loxinano umphunga iya kuba ukuhla. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba yokunyusa ngumphunga. Kodwa inkqubo izakuqhubeka ukuzinza ngokupheleleyo zonke iinkqubo.

Njengoko kakuhle umthamo yomphunga nangayiphi na indlela enefuthe zaphembelela. Oku kungenxa yokuba isixa alichatshazelwa kunye mninzi. A lexinene yengcinezelo ifomula - ixabiso okuhambisanayo kule meko. Ukusuka oku kulandela oku umgwebo.

Isiphumo lobushushu kwi loxinano

Iipropati Thermophysical amanzi, umphunga kuye kwathetha ukuba elinye lomqulu lamanzi phantsi ukufudumeza ukunyuka ezinoxinano kunye nokuncipha ubushushu, icala, bewuhlisele.

Xa amaqondo obushushu kwandisa, inkqubo ngumphunga inyuswe kakhulu. Yaye njengokuba bekunjalo kumzekelo wokuqala, ibe lwesilinganiso eliguqukayo aphazanyiswa, ngenxa ngumphunga ngokugqithisileyo, kodwa kuphela okwethutyana. Maxa wambi, iinkqubo ngumphunga kunye amafu kwakhona nganye ezinga malungu abantu.

Ngokufanayo kwenzeka xa amaqondo obushushu uyawa. Kuphela ngale ndlela kuya kuncipha izinga ngumphunga kunye amafu liya kwenzeka kude kube lelo xesha, kude kube kukho ulungelelwano phakathi kwabo bobabini. Kodwa ke, loo nto iza inani elincinci kakhulu ngomphunga.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, singatsho ukuba umthetho Charles umphunga ifumile ayisebenzi. Ngoko kungenxa yokuba ubushushu kunye Ukupholisa amanzi litshintsha ubunzima bayo, yaye oku, neliya, kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi akukho yomgama.

Ukuxhomekeka kuxinzelelo lobushushu

Ukuqhubeka lo mxholo, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuxhomekeka enye ngaphezulu. Inyaniso kukuba ukwandisa lobushushu, uxinzelelo umphunga kwandisa izihlandlo eziliqela ngokukhawuleza. Enyanisweni, oku kuxhomekeka kukuba yabonakala uxinano, kodwa kwesi sigqibo kukuba lexinene uxinzelelo - ezinxulumene amaxabiso kwifomula.

Uxinzelelo ukuxhomekeka lobushushu akwenzeki ukwahlula emthethweni irhasi ofanelekileyo, njengoko kubonelelwe yi ukuxhomekeka bomtya.

air ukufuma

Lifikile ixesha lokuthetha nokufuma. Air ebizwa manzi xa iqulethe umphunga. Kwaye ke, ukuba oku kuxhomekeka kukuba umlinganiselo ngqo. Oko kukuthi, isibini na ngakumbi, umoya ofumileyo.

Kukho kwakhona ingqikelelo "ukufuma lungundoqo" - into edla wadala xa uxinzelelo emoyeni lilingana uxinzelelo umphunga. Kodwa le meko isebenza kunye nomphunga mninzi.

ukufuma Relative lulwahlulo le ukufuma epheleleyo zezulu ukuba uxinzelelo Ukwanda Bungumphunga, ngokucinga ukuba ubushushu iyafana.

Psychrometer - a isixhobo sokubala ukufuma. It iqulathe kwiithemometha ezimbini, enye kuphela apho zigutyungelwe ngelaphu elifumileyo. Umgaqo yayo yokusebenza ukuba ukufuma sezantsi kwesikhundla vaporization esiqwini aqhubeke ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa apho ubushushu ozisongele lungapholi ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yale nto kukho umahluko kwofundo phakathi kwefowuni. Ngako oko, le ukufuma sele sibalwa kakhulu.