Iiseli T-umncedi, yintoni na? Funda ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba umncedi iiseli T wamvusa okanye base-

Umzimba womntu iquka ezininzi amacandelo kuzo kulwalamano rhoqo kunye nabanye. Iindlela eziphambili zezi: Iinkqubo zokuphefumla, wokudla, sentliziyo, enzala, yonyango kunye luvo. Ukuze ukukhusela ngalinye kula macandelo, kukho ukhuseleko ezizodwa. Indlela esikhusela iimpembelelo ezibanga ingozi kwimo engqongileyo kuthi, ugonyiwe. Yena, njengamanye iinkqubo lomzimba, inobudlelwane kunye nenkqubo luvo kunye nezixhobo yonyango.

Indima amajoni omzimba emzimbeni

Eyona umsebenzi okukwazi - kukuzikhusela izinto zasemzini ukugqobhoza ukusuka kokusingqongileyo okanye eyakhiwe endogenously ngexesha iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo. isenzo sakhe uwugcinayo ngokusebenzisa iiseli ezikhethekileyo igazi - lymphocyte. Lymphocyte ziiseli zegazi ezimhlophe kunye emaXhoseni zisoloko khona emzimbeni womntu. Ukwanda abo libonisa ukuba isixokelelwano uyasokola kunye arhente zasemzini, kunye ukuncitshiswa - nokungaphumeleli zokuzikhusela zomzimba - intswelo omzimba. Omnye umsebenzi ukuba yokulwa neoplasms, nto leyo zimiliselwe ithumba necrosis factor. Amajoni omzimba iqulathe ezininzi kwezidumbu, bakhonza asisithintelo izinto eziyingozi. Ezi ziquka:

• esikhumbeni;
• thymus;
• spleen;
• zamanzi;
• lomongo wethambo ebomvu;
• igazi.

Kukho 2 iintlobo nobuchwephetshe zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa. okukwazi yeselula yenza ulawulo lwe amasuntswana eziyingozi ngu T-lymphocyte. Ezi izakhiwo, nto, nohlulwe T cells umncedi, T-suppressor kunye neeseli T-umbulali.

Work okukwazi yeselula

okukwazi yeselula isebenza kwinqanaba izakhiwo zincinane umzimba. Olu khuselo ibandakanya iqela lymphocyte ezahlukeneyo, nganye ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile. Bonke iphuma ezimhlophe iiseli zegazi ukulidla enkulu kubo. Igama T-lymphocyte ngenxa kwindawo yabo imvelaphi - thymus. Le ndlala thymus iqalisa ukuvelisa ezi zakhiwo omzimba naxa uphuhliso osandul kwabantu, iyantlukwano luphela zabo ebuntwaneni. Ngokuthe ngcembe, umzimba uyayeka ukusebenza, kwaye kwiminyaka 15-18 iqulathe kuphela okunamafutha kwithishyu. Thymus olwakha kuphela iziqalelo sifo yeselula - T cells: iiseli umncedi, iiseli umbulali kanye suppressor.

Emva Ngokudibana arhente zasemzini, umzimba isebenze inkqubo wayo omzimba, ie nezifo. Okokuqala yonke into eyingozi uqale ekulweni macrophage, umsebenzi wazo, ukufunxa iantigens. Ukuba abakwazi ukumelana umsebenzi wakhe, ngoko qhagamshela kwinqanaba elilandelayo wokhuseleko - nezifo zeselula. I ngowokuqala ukuwubona iantigens T-mntu - umbulali arhente zasemzini. Imisebenzi leeseli T-msizi ukunceda amajoni omzimba. Ziyayilawula ukwahlulwa kunye nohlenga zonke iiseli zomzimba. Omnye umsebenzi wabo - ukuyilwa ukuzalana ezimbini iintlobo sifo, okt uncedo B lymphocyte cell izilwa-buhlungu, ukusebenza nezinye izakhiwo (monocytes, iiseli T-umbulali, iiseli imasti). T-suppressors ziyafuneka ukwenzela ukunciphisa umsebenzi ngokugqithisileyo abancedisi xa kuyimfuneko.

Iintlobo zeeseli T-umncedi

Kuxhomekeka umsebenzi iiseli T-umncedi zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: eyokuqala neyesibini. Ukuveliswa lokuqala uphuma ithumba necrosis factor (neoplasms ukulwa), wesigrike interferon (ukulwa agents wentsholongwane egazini), interleukin-2 (inxaxheba ngayo ukudumba) okwenziwa. Zonke ezi mpawu ziye sineenjongo ezingatshabalalisa antigen ngaphakathi iiseli.

Uhlobo lwesibini iiseli T-umncedi kufuneka ukunxibelelana kunye nezifo humoral. Ezi seli T ukuvelisa neeinterleukins 4, 5, 10 no-13, ngokubonelela le lwalamano. Ukongeza, T umncedi uhlobo 2 linoxanduva kwimveliso IgE, oludityaniswe ngqo kunye kukwalisa yento ephilayo.

Ukwanda kunye ukuhla T umncedi ephilayo

Kukho imithetho ezikhethekileyo lymphocyte emzimbeni, isifundo sabo kuthiwa immunogram. Nakuphi na ukutenxa, nokuba luyaphucuka okanye ukunciphisa iseli uthathwa ukuba yinto engaqhelekanga, oko kukuthi, ukuphuhlisa naliphi na ilizwe yezifo. Ukuba T umncedi bazifinyeza kuthetha inkqubo yokhuselo omzimba kukuba nako ukusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwayo. Loo urhulumente ukunqongophala omzimba kuvandlakanywa ukukhulelwa kunye zisanyisa, emva ukugula, izifo ezingapheliyo. Oku kucingwa ukuba ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo usulelo lwe-HIV - uphazamiseko ngokupheleleyo nezifo yeselula. Ukuba iiseli T-umncedi anda, emzimbeni kukho phezu-abasabela ezisegazini, okt kolawulo lwabo edlula kwinkqubo abaqhelekileyo kwi indlela zophendlo lwezifo. Loo imeko kwenzeka xa komzimba.

Unxulumano sifo kumaza humoral

Njengoko yaziwa, amajoni omzimba yenza iipropati zokukhusela kumanqanaba amabini. Omnye wabo eziphatha kuphela isakhiwo yeselula leyo ukunxibelelana iintsholongwane okanye rearrangements gene engaqhelekanga isenzo isebenze ka-T-lymphocyte. Inqanaba lesibini - ummiselo humoral oluqhutywa ngokuvelisa umzimba nge immunoglobulins. Ezi nkqubo yokhuseleko kwezinye iimeko unako ukusebenza ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ukuba banxibelelane nabanye. Unathi okukwazi yeselula kunye humoral yenziwa iiseli T-umncedi, oko kukuthi, "nabancedi". Le labemi T-iiseli ezivelisa neeinterleukins ezithile, ezi ziquka: IL-4, 5, 10, 13. Ngaphandle ezi zigqeba uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza yokhuseleko humoral akunakwenzeka.

Ixabiso iiseli T-umncedi kwi amajoni omzimba

Ngenxa kokukhutshwa interleukin amajoni omzimba ekhula kwaye ikhusela kwiimpembelelo eziyingozi kuthi. Ithumba necrosis factor kuthintela iinkqubo umhlaza, nto leyo ngomnye weyona misebenzi ibaluleke gqitha umzimba. Konke oku iiseli T-umncedi wenziwe. Nangona yokuba benza ngokungangqalanga (ngokusebenzisa ezinye iiseli), ukubaluleka kwabo xa amajoni omzimba kubaluleke gqitha, njengoko zinceda okuququzelela iimpawu ibakhusela eziphilayo.