Iklorin dayoksayidi: izicelo ifomula. Isenzo chlorine dioxide emzimbeni

Chlorine dioxide, okanye ClO ₂ - yikhompawundi ezingaphiliyo ukuba element wemichiza Cl (ichlorine) kunye imichiza element O (oksijini). Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ngokweenkcukacha ezinkulu lwesiyobisi ufumanise isetyenziswa apho, oveliswa ngayo kwiilebhu kunye noshishino, njengoko enza izinto emzimbeni.

Yintoni dust? Ngokungafaniyo dayoksayidi oxide

Abafundi abaninzi balahlekile kwi emehlweni elithi "dust", kuba sohlala kweli inzululwazi, ngathi chemistry, lo mbono kancinane ngaphandle komhla. Igama elithi "dust" lisekho afumaneka kwiincwadi zezifundo, iincwadi kunye kwi-intanethi, kodwa sele ezinye izikolo wama ukuchaza ukuba yintoni na.

Ngoko ke, sonke siyazi ukuba eli oxide. Oksayidi - a ambaxa oksijini (O) naziphi na ezinye iikhemikhali element kangako electronegative. Oxide kunye ClO _2. Dioxide kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba ezimbaxa apho ekhoyo athom ezimbini O. Isiqalo "di" kwi "dust" lithetha "ezimbini."

Ukuba usiva igama elithi "dust" kuthetha kule uqhagamshelo ezimbini atom ioksijini. Oku kuya kukunceda ukuba ubhale indlela eekhemikhali ezimbaxa.

iimpawu Physical osisiqu

Iklorin dayoksayidi - into sukube ukuba libe livumba iimpawu, kunye umbala obomvu-mthubi. Kodwa degrees kubushushu ngezantsi-10 Celsius into utshintsha imeko yaso emzimbeni iba ulwelo bubomvu-mdaka. Xa edubulayo shushu. kakuhle kakhulu kwaye oko enyibilikayo emanzini. ixutywe kakuhle kakhulu kwaye enyibilikayo izinyibilikisi ezithile organic ezifana acetic acid kunye sulphuric acid. lobushushu kweziyobisi yokunyibilika Iqondo lobushushu lihle laya -59 C, kunye nendawo yayo nokubilisa - 9.7 kuphela izidanga Celsius.

indlela laboratory Ukulungiselela

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, sebenzisa indlela enye kuphela ukuvelisa iklorin dioxide elabhoratri - ngu indlela potassium khloreyithi (KClO ₃₎ kunye oxalic acid, eba H ifomula ₂ C _{2 O-4.} Ngenxa yale yokusabela yabelwa ClO _2, ngokunjalo namanzi kunye sodium oxalate.

Nangona kunjalo ClO ₂ uyakwazi ukufumana enye indlela. Ukulungiselela le njongo kukho ufakelo okhethekileyo. Ukufakelwa chlorine dioxide - yinto imodeli yenzululwazi luncedo. Loo ufakelo iqulathe iyunithi yolawulo, a reactor ngenxa iimpompo ukutshintshwa wezenzi ezahlukahlukeneyo-reactor, kwakunye kwezivalo ezahlukeneyo kunye lwezivalo. Kuba ClO ₂ usebenzisa sulphuric acid, izisombululo ze sodium chloride kunye sodium chlorate. Oku kukhokelela kumxube chlorine dioxide.

Ukulungiselela indlela industrial

ClO _2, oosonzululwazi bafunda ukuvelisa indlela mveliso ngayo. Ukuze kuveliswe indlela abasabela ukuncitshiswa apho sodium khloreyithi lincitshiswe isalfure dioxide. Xa indlela iklorin dioxide kwiwebhsayithi, ukulungiswa apho esiyenzileyo, kunye sodium hydrogen sulfate.

Iipropati imichiza ukwimo

Chlorine dioxide uye iipropati yemichiza ebalulekileyo eziliqela. ClO ₂ kuyinto oxide asidi (liveza iipropati emuncu, kwaye uzoba kislosoderzhaschie acid). Xa kupheliswa emanzini of chlorine dioxide lwenzeka ngumbala disproportionation, ngamanye ukuyilwa asidi ezifana chlorous kunye chloric. Ukuba chlorine oksayidi ngokwayo uqhuma ukukhanya, izisombululo zayo abasakwazi isitali ebumnyameni kwaye ukukhanya akukho aphuma, kodwa kancinci zathotywa.

ClO ₂ reactions ezininzi uziphethe ngathi amandla oksilitel medium, idityaniswe iikhompawundi ezininzi kangaka organic chemistry.

isicelo

Chlorine dioxide, ukusetyenziswa apho yinto exhaphakileyo kulo lonke ihlabathi, ngoku ithandwa kakhulu. iziyobisi ngokufuthi izenzo iblitshi. Iklorin oxide ezisetyenziswa ngokukhethekileyo sokukhanyisa izinto ezifana nephepha, umgubo, njl

Ukongeza, iyeza ingqalelo ekhemisi ClO ₂ enye arhente elwa zinamandla ehlabathini lonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto idla ngokusetyenziswa inzala kunye kweentsholongwane izinto ezahlukeneyo. Libulala iintsholongwane yayintsholongwane eyosulela ngu igcwala, ngenxa yokuba lo oxidizer ngumlinganiselo. Iklorin dayoksayidi,, isicelo ngenxa yokwanda iipropati asidi ngoku izinto ufunwayo.

Le nto zilahleka kushishino, ngenxa yokuba kukho zimbalwa kakhulu izinto ukuba iintsholongwane izinto enoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kweentsholongwane nokusetyenziswa ClO ₂ kukhuselekile kakhulu-bume esingqongileyo. Nanamhla oku, esebenzisa igesi kunye engamanzi Cl inzala kunye kweentsholongwane. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yezizathu zokusingqongileyo, usebenzisa ikhuselekileyo zintsholongwane - chlorine dioxide. Ngokungafaniyo chlorine into ecocekileyo, eyaziwa kuthi ClO ₂ Asingeni indlela chlorination kunye nezinye izinto kunye imichiza.

Amanzi iintsholongwane chlorine, umntu ukusela kuphela, kodwa ukusebenzisa sokuhlambela ngesikhumba. Kodwa chlorine dioxide kuye kwanceda ukusombulula le ngxaki: kukhuselekile ngokupheleleyo, kuba akukho inxaxheba kulo basabela chlorination.

Isenzo chlorine dioxide emzimbeni

Iklorin dayoksayidi, isiphumo yayo phezu eziphilayo wafunda zizazinzulu amashumi eminyaka. Ngoku ikhemikali esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino ukutya isongezo E926. Ngelishwa, ziyingozi kakhulu amachiza amaninzi E, kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo, abathengi bemveliso, kangako yaziwa ngabo. Ezinye ongeziweyo, Noko ke, azinabungozi, kodwa kukho kuyingozi kakhulu. Iklorin dayoksayidi ezinokubonelelwa poseredinke: oko kuyingozi emzimbeni womntu, ayinqweneleki, kodwa umchiza akanawo ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwi emzimbeni womntu, ngokungafaniyo ezithandwayo namhlanje sodium glutamate.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezithako ukutya koku, uya kufumana ukukhohlela, ngamanye amaxesha kakhulu womelele kwaye ixesha elide, kwinwebu inwebu yangaphakathi, ukuhlaselwa sisifo sombefu. Emva ukuqhagamshelana ingxam yomoya yemiphunga aphazamiseke zingenzeka.

Iklorin dayoksayidi - ukuba izinto pretty umdla izazinzulu isifundo sele kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Kuyinto zilahleka kolu shishino, ingakumbi ukutya, imvelo kwaye ekhuselekileyo (kakade, kuphela ukuba usetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo).