Imbali Orthodox. Ukwaziswa kwe ngubhishophu eRashiya

Esinye sezona ziganeko obalulekileyo kwimbali Orthodox yaba ukuqaliswa ngubhishophu eRashiya. Ukukhula kunye nempembelelo yebandla Russian kwihlabathi lamaKristu ayimakishileyo kakhulu ngokucacileyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI. Soil wadala yaseFerrara-Florence Union, leyo kuso ibandla yaseByzantium kwinkulungwane XV neVatican, emva koko i-Russian metropolitan baba ngokuzimeleyo inyule hierarch yayo yokuqala. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1453, i-labefundisi kaConstantinople waba ukuxhomekeka ngokupheleleyo kwi umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग Turkish. Kule kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kubona enkulu ngolwalathiso kaThixo: eRashiya waba urhulumente Orthodox elizimele kuphela.

Imbali ukuqaliswa ngubhishophu eRashiya

Kwaloo ingcamango ukuvela le Moscow labefundisi ngokusondeleyo kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa kunye nokusekwa autocephaly ye-Russian Church. Emva kokuba WASE eMoscow wafumana iwonga elizimeleyo ukususela kwanamaGrike, ihlabathi lonke Orthodox elaziwayo ixabiso ezizodwa le ROC njengoko zinamandla abaninzi.

Kwathi nje bafumane ubungqina imilinganiselo yokomoya eRashiya, kodwa ekomelezeni ukholo kwizilingo elizayo amaxesha enzima Troubles. ibandla Russian kuya kudala umoya mnye enamandla namandla abantu, kuya kungena ekulweni abahlaseli angaphandle kunye ndlongo yamaKatolika.

Bonke abantu baqonda ukuba kwixesha elifutshane ziya kuvakaliswa itrone kwesilisa eMoscow. Kule uqhagamshelo kwakukho ngezikhondo zamehlo kunye labefundisi of eConstantinople, leyo kukhubeka njalo eRashiya ngenxa kwinguqu esa iwonga autocephalous yaye akazange afune ukuba ayamnkele.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwemvume loosolusapho kasolusapho Mpuma Metropolitan self wavakalisa Russian kuya kuba ngumbandela alwamkelekanga mthethweni. Kwikomkhulu, ukumkani kube lula ukuba semthethweni amandla, kodwa ukusekwa ngubhishophu, ngaphandle sigqibo amasebe primatial kwaba ngokoqobo.

yezembali nokuba kuphela impembelelo kumba kulawulo ngubhishophu eRashiya ebudeni bolawulo Fedor Ivanovich (nyana Ioanna Groznogo). Fedor walawula (lonke ixesha elininzi ayichitha ngomthandazo, ukuqeqeshwa kobuKristu wakhe zange afune nazigqibo untyumpantyumpe- ubomi kwezopolitiko, ngenxa yoko, igama lakhe lamiselwa), kunye Boris Godunov (umntakwabo umfazi kakumkani Fedor Irina Godunov) walawula.

Boris Godunov

Kakhulu ndoda eyayifuna ukuba Boris Godunov. Ngelo xesha kube laseburhulumenteni omkhulu, owadala inkqubo ukuguqula imeko Russian, nto leyo kuza komeleza amandla alo nodumo. Ngelishwa, le lweshishini Godunov waba isiseko esiluqilima ngokomoya, yaye ngokufuthi imiyalelo yakhe babulawa ngokusebenzisa akwamkelekanga ngokuziphatha (yaye yonk 'into icala lokubulala ka Tsarevich nguDmitry, nangona kungekho bungqina ngqo). Ngaphezu koko, abantu Russian wahlwempuzeka kakhulu ngengqiqo yokomoya yokuziphatha emva oprichnina, kwaye ke ngoko kude zonke izicwangciso amakhulu abalawuli balo.

Kodwa Godunov wayefuna ukubona naseRussia njengohlobo amandla amakhulu wakwazi ukuba lo mba wokuvunywa ngubhishophu de kube sekupheleni.

ekuqaleni

Isigaba sokuqala uqeqesho lwaqalisa utyelelo eMoscow ngo 1586, i-uMphathi-Antiyokwe Joakim. Oku ngenkuthalo nokondla "Godunov" nezifundiswa. Kodwa phambi kokuba watyelela ngaphandle kwe Western Russia waza wabona Ukuhlasela Catholic Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, leyo phantse yonakalisa ubomi kwiCawa Kyïv Sisixeko (kwi olwandulela Union of Brest). I zingubo Moscow, wabona ubukhulu oyinyaniso ubuqaqawuli Rome yesiThathu. Ubhishophu nguJoachim wadibana imbeko nentlonipho okukhulu, weza nayo amalizo, njengoko isebe lakhe wayenetyala kumawaka asibhozo zegolide. Godunov wasebenzisa eli thuba waza waqalisa ukuphumeza isicwangciso sayo - ukuqaliswa ngubhishophu eRashiya.

Moscow Metropolitan anoDiyonisiyo

Phezu kufika Joakim abazange babambelele eyaziwa Moscow Metropolitan anoDiyonisiyo. Kungenzeka, yena waye cahoots kunye Godunov kolo meko. Solusapho wathumela Ingqiqo Cathedral Moscow yesicelo. Apho phambi kwakhe bonke ubuhle balo izambatho obutofotofo wabonakala kunqulo Metropolitan anoDiyonisiyo, ngubani ndinentsikelelo yokuqala uMphathi-Antiyokwe, kodwa ngequbuliso wathatha ityala. Amalizo-obefuna waboniswa ngubani nezo yokwenene beCawa enkulu.

Apha kungena play Godunov, eqala ukuqhuba thethwano elihlebo nguJoachim, owona mxholo uphambili kuyo - ukuqaliswa ngubhishophu eRashiya. Umhla lo mnyhadala mkhulu wayesele esondele kakhulu. NguJoachim Ndandingekakulungeli nale ngxoxo, kodwa wathembisa ukuba uqhagamshelane oomawokhulu eMpuma. EMoscow kwesi sigaba sele uhluthe.

ukulwa

Igama lokugqibela yayikukuba eConstantinople (Istanbul). Apho wahlakulela iziganeko ezimangalisayo. Omnye emva komnye Ababhukuqe oosolusapho, neetempile zaye zibanjwe yi baseTurkey, yonke imali barhwaphiliza. Imali kunye neeleta kakumkani eMoscow ethile elahlekileyo.

Ubhishophu Konstantinopolskiy Ieremiya waqalisa ukubuyisela i usolusapho entsha, kodwa imali kuba wenza. Kwaye wagqiba ukwenza njengo nguJoachim kwaye waya eMoscow mna ngesandla esolukileyo. Noko ke, akazange azi malunga iintetho ngaphambili malunga kwendalo ngubhishophu eMoscow. Kwaye yonke into iqale kwakhona: nesimo esifanayo ebidlalwe, ngokunjalo kunye kuneyokuqala. UYeremiya phantse unyaka phantsi indlu ukubanjwa kwindawo ngobunewunewu ngexesha ilitye elimhlophe.

usolusapho uYobhi

Ngokubanzi, le ntlanganiso sibi ibandla Russian. Imeko ye labefundisi kaConstantinople wadlala ngendlela entle ekuqalisweni kwe labefundisi eRashiya.

E Moscow, ngeli xesha, ngokunjalo e Istanbul, kwakukho abathile utshintsho. Godunov zabhukuqwa Metropolitan anoDiyonisiyo ngo-1587 ngokunxulumene yelenqe boyar, abavukeli ifuna umtshato Tsar Fedor kunye nomfazi wakhe Irinoy Godunovoy ngenxa yokungabi nenzalo.

AnoDiyonisiyo wathatha indawo Rostov uBhishophu uYobhi, ngenxa ngoJanuwari 23 (Februwari 2), 1589 , uya kuba yokuqala uMphathi All Russia. Nditsho ngexesha lethu, ngowe-1989, igama lakhe liya lamiselwa.

Ngowe-1721 uPetros I wabubhangisa ngubhishophu: oko aya kubuyiselwa kuphela ngo-1917 kwiBhunga Local kunye usolusapho njengabanyulwa St. Tikhon. Ngoko kuya kuba nzima ukuba kwixesha Church yamaBolshevik Russian. Emva kokufa Tikhon kanye kuloo ndlu yecawa khange wenziwe. Kuphela ngo-1943 ukuba kwenzeka, kunye nezo zeCawa Orthodox Russian waba uSergiyo (Starogorodskiy). Ubhishophu KIRILL waba usolusapho 16 emgceni eRussia.

Ngoko ke, ukuqaliswa ngokusesikweni ngubhishophu eRashiya (kunyaka 1589) ebibanjelwe ngenkulungwane ye-16.