West Russia: inkcazelo, olunomdla kunye nembali. Imbali - Koloni naseMpuma Russia

KumaXesha Aphakathi, Western eRashiya ibandakanya imimandla kumda kunye iHungary, Poland naseLithuania. Ukususela ekuqaleni eqhekekileyo lwezopolitiko kule ngingqi izilawuli eziliqela, wayebambene naye omnye nomnye phambili.

Inxalenye Kievan Rus '

Phambi ukuvela bengatshatanga yamandulo Russian kwi kummandla Western Russia wahlala uluntu yezizwe eMpuma nokuxubana: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi kunye amaCroatia emhlophe. In IX-X iinkulungwane. ukuba ezaqhotyoshelwa eKiev. Le nkqubo iye yagqitywa ebudeni bolawulo Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia emantla ecaleni izizwe lweBaltic: Lithuania, Prussia kunye Zhmud. Aba bemi bonxweme lweBaltic norhwebelwano kunye nokuxubana ubusi yegolide evuthiweyo. Kuba ngoxa abazange eziyiyo ingozi eRashiya. Yaba enamandla kakhulu ummelwane yasentshona - i-Polish yoBukumkani. Abantu Slavic sabhaptizelwa ngokwesiko wamaRoma. Umahluko phakathi amaKatolika Orthodox kuye omnye oonobangela enixabana phakathi Russia, Poland. Ngowe-981 Vladimir i-Red Sun unibangile imfazwe kwi Prince Mieszko I yaye eli lizwe ebizwa ngokuba of Cherven, leyo isixeko eyintloko Przemysl.

ENtshona south Russia yaphela emaqeleni, leyo ekhaya afike abasemathanga zamaTurkic-abathetha. Okokuqala kwakukho Pechenegs. Xa X Ngenkulungwane ukuba indawo Polovtsy. Ngokulinganayo phakathi kwabo bobabini emathafeni amalungiselelo iihambo rhoqo eRashiya, ekhatshwa iphanga kunye nobundlobongela olujoliswe ebantwini.

Ithuba eqhekekileyo kwezopolitiko

Emva kokufa Yaroslava Mudrogo ngo-1054 urhulumente enobunye Old Russian yahlulwa izilawuli eziliqela. Le nkqubo iye yaba ngokuthe ngcembe. Xa ezinye iinkosana Kievan, ezifana Vladimir Monomakh, eli lizwe kwakhona uba yokulwa. Noko ke, ingxabano nesikhundla agnatic ekugqibeleni wababela Russia. Kwinkulungwane XI le ubulawuli ephambili kwintshona eRussia Volyn nekomkhulu yayo kwisixeko Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav ubukhosi

Apha ubukhosi ivuthwe wehla Rostislav Vladimirovich - umzukulwana Yaroslava Mudrogo lomgca aphezulu. Isondlo, abameli wenzala nokuba amalungelo asemthethweni eKiev, kodwa i "unina izixeko Russian" lwendele ezinye Rurik. Ekuqaleni abantwana bephila kwinkundla Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - irhuluneli Kiev. Ngowe-1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers kunye ikhatyelwe ngaphandle Prince Vladimir, yaye nexesha ahlala kummandla lonke.

Ekugqibeleni Rostislavichi bambamba Volyn emva Lyubech Congress ngowe-1097 kunye nengcitho imfazwe yobukhaya. Ngelo xesha linye ukuqondwa ezopolitiko kwezinye iidolophu ezincinane kuloo ngingqi (ngaphandle Vladimir kunye Przemysl) - Terebovlya kunye Dorogobuzh. Nomzukulwana Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich ngo-1140 wawahlanganisa waza wadala ubulawuli elitsha nekomkhulu yayo eseGalicia. abemi balo ndizityebisile kwi urhwebo ityuwa kunye nabamelwane balo. Western Russia yayahlukile nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba ukusuka ashinyeneyo kumntla-mpuma apho nokuxubana bahlala ehlathini kufuphi zezizwe Finnish.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Xa unyana ka Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (walawula 1153-1187 gg.) Ubulawuli Galician afumana yobudala segolide. Zonke ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe wazama ukuba sixhathise kubungangamsha of Kiev kunye manyano yayo Vladimir-Volyn. Le umzabalazo yaphela ekuphumeleleni. Ngowe-1168, phantsi kwesikhokelo manyano wabathetheli Andreya Bogolyubskogo wayithimba Kiev ne wamngcatshayo amaxhoba yakhe, emva koko isixeko akazange aphinde. ukubaluleka kwayo yezopolitiko nqabile, yaye galich, phezu koko, yaba liziko of Western Russia.

Jaroslav ndiziphethe nkqubo esebenzayo amazwe, ehambisekile ubuhlobo kunye esilwa iHungary kunye Poland. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokufa kwi Osmomysl Compostela yaqala ingxabano. Unyana wakhe owangena ezihlangwini zakhe, Vladimir Yaroslavich wavuma ubukhulu nobunganga boMgaqo Rostov Prince Vsevolod Nest Big. Wayesilwa i Boyar inkcaso ekugqibeleni eziqhutywa ngaphandle komzi wabo. Endaweni yakhe kwathiwa Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, idibanisa kunye ngokwezahlulo emibini ubulawuli womelele zangaphakathi.

Association of Compostela and Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - ngokungafaniyo abathetheli galich yangaphambili - owazalwa engowembewu ngqo Vladimira Monomaha. Ngokutsho unina wakhe, waba wayesisalamane Polish ubukhosi elilawulayo. Ayimangalisi into yokuba umntwana azithabathele e Krakow.

Emva kokufa Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman weza galich, kunye nomkhosi Polish, awayinikwayo kuye ukumkani - akhe sizana. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1199. Lo mhla ithathwa imini ekudalweni enye Compostela-Volyn ukubusa. History of Western Russia eli xesha yi interweaving umdla-nkqubo ephakathi Slavic.

Roman Mstislavovich kabini wayithimba Kiev, kodwa zange ukufumana yinganga lwakhe, babeka phezu kwetrone abantu abathembekileyo balapho bazibona poluvassalnoy kuxhomekeke kuye. Ngokwemfanelo enkulu kwabamba Galician yaba umbutho lothotho amaphulo ngokuchasene Polovtsian, leyo ichaphazela zombini Western naseMpuma Russia. Ukulwa kunye mbuya, baseRoma wabhenela Ngoncedo zonke izalamane zakhe kuloo Rurik Minor. Kukho inkolelo engaqinisekiswanga kukuba ngo-1204, emva kokuwa kweConstantinople kuye babaleka elubhacweni uMlawuli Alexios III Angeles.

Ukulwa uyise wayo Daniyeli ilifa

Roman Mstislavovich wafa 1205 emva kwengozi ukuzingela. Unyana wakhe uDaniyeli nje usana olusanda kuzalwa. izinduna Galician bakusebenzisa oku, angabi naye kwetrone. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uDaniyeli balwa begazi enemvukelo, iinkosana Russian kunye nabamelwane yasentshona ukuba ilungelo lokuba abuyele elifeni kayise. Yaba ixesha eliqaqambileyo ezaliswe zonke iintlobo iziganeko. Kwaba ngexesha lokulawula kaDaniyeli Romanovich Western Rus yafikelela nempumelelo yayo zoqoqosho nezopolitiko.

Ntsika amandla prince kwaba udidi serviceman, yaye abahlali basezidolophini, owaxhasa umlawuli uxolo. Kwiminyaka yoxolo nendyebo, uDaniyeli wanceda ukukhula ezingxandeni ezintsha kunye namziko eentengiso, ukutsala abarhwebi zangena kunye namagcisa abanezakhono. Xa yasekwa kwaye Lviv Hill.

The Golden Age of Western Russia

Emva kokuba lokufikisa, ngowe-1215 umfana iNkosana Volyn. Eli lifa waba ephambili zezindlu zooyise yayo. Ngowe-1238, ekugqibeleni wayibuyisela ulawulo lwe galich, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa wayithimba Kiev. Ukuphumelela amagunya ezintsha kuthintele Mongol lokuhlasela. Emva ngo-1223 i-uDaniyeli oselula ukwakhiwa Slavic prince angalawuliyo bathatha inxaxheba Battle of the Kalka. Emva koko ke Mongols abaqalise kwetyala kuhlasela emathafeni Polovtsian. Ukusebenza imikhosi encedisayo, baphangalala, kodwa wabuya ngasekupheleni nenani-30. Okokuqala North-Eastern Russia lusizi. Kwafika Ekuveleni ilifa kaDaniyeli. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba lo Mongols kufuneka ngokuphawulekayo poistrepali nempi yakhe, wakwazi ukuphepha intshabalalo omkhulu echibini Oka kunye Klyazma.

Daniel wazama kulwa isisongelo Mongolian engena imifelandawonye amazwe Katolika. Xa Galician Rus neNtshona yeYurophu wavuma waza wasebenza kunye nabanye. Enethemba ukunceda, nkqu uDaniyeli wavuma ukwamkela isihloko lokumkani ebusweni Pope, yaye ngo-1254 waba ngukumkani Russia.

amandla akhe nangokomyinge abanamandla Poland neHungary. Ngelo xesha xa North-West Russia wabandezeleka ukusuka Omnqamlezo, kwaye kumntla-mpuma Mongols, uDaniyeli ikwazile ukugcina uxolo emafeni abo. Wafa 1264, eshiya zililifa enkulu kubantwana babo.

Ukucutheka kunye nelahleko ukuzimela

Abantwana kunye nabazukulwana of noDaniyeli akankwazange ukugcina ukuzimela kwezopolitiko ukusuka West. Galich and Volyn umhlaba yahlulwa phakathi Poland kunye Lithuania, wazithwala phezu oozilawuli zangaphambili Russian ngu imitshato dynastic, naphantsi benze yokhuseleko ukusuka Mongols. Ngowe-1303 WASE, obo owayamileyo ngqo uMphathi baseConstantinople yaye yasekwa kule ngingqi.

Umlo ne-Russia phezu nabamelwane zayo yasentshona xa Poland kunye Lithuania yahlulwa phakathi Galician-Volyn ilifa. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1392. Kungekudala, iintlanga ababini basayina simanyene yaye ibe single Rzeczpospolita. Igama elithi "Western Russia" ngcembe uye waba lwakudala.