Imfumba lesiseko: umgama phakathi ufumba (ubukhulu kunye minimum)

Ithekhinoloji ukwakhiwa isiseko ngokususela ubume igoqo njengenye yezona ethembekileyo practical. Oku kunganxulunyaniswa i-jikelele, kuba lula kwenkqubo kunye ezahlukeneyo iindlela ezisisiseko ukuphunyezwa yobugcisa ukukhawulelana neemfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo kwizakhiwo. Phakathi kwezi zindlu, izakhiwo mveliso, izibonelelo zonxibelelwano kunye nezinye izibonelelo. Noko ke, ukuze kufikelelwe ukuthembeka ngesakhiwo igoqo kuyimfuneko ukuchaza ngqo yoMgaqo-tab. Xa uluhlu lwe yeyona ibalulekileyo kwezi ngcali phawula umgama phakathi zitsho isiseko, leyo inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke eziliqela iimpawu iimeko nolwakhiwo.

njani na isiseko imfumba?

yokwakha kwenye angamelwa njenge iseti ethwele izinto kunye grillage. izinto zenkxaso ziyahluka eziphathekayo kunye nendlela yofakelo. Ngokomzekelo, namhlanje into yokusebenzisa ufumba eziqhutywa nangezikhala helical. Ukuze ubone umgama phakathi ziimfumba kwi imfumba lesiseko, kuyimfuneko ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo kubunzulu kuvumelekile, izinto yokuvelisa, kunye nezinye iparameters abathwali iimveliso - ngoko ubala inani izakhi kunye langutela phakathi kwabo. Hayi isiseko isihlenga kangako yaye umsebenzi, nto leyo inika iqela ezinde ozimeleyo. Kokuba iphunyezwe iifom ezahlukeneyo kanye ukucupha, kodwa ngokubanzi, eli candelo isixhobo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ukuphunyezwa ubuchwepheshe nangezikhala zokuqinisa.

Imigaqo ngokubanzi ukuze yoyilo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinjineli sikhokelwa ingqalelo zeempawu zomhlaba kunye ubunzima elindelekileyo izakhiwo elizayo - kunye, la data kwenza kube lula ukubeka isiseko esijijwayo yingqumba. Umgama phakathi ziimfumba Kanjalo kubalwa ukusuka kwinani labo. Ukuze ubone indlela efunekayo inkxaso ye elements, ufanele wazi inqanaba umthamo lomthwalo lokuzala kunye noyilo lulonke. Ngokukodwa, igoqo unako ukumelana malunga 2 m, ubunzima isakhiwo ngendlu ukufikelela amashumi eetoni. Oku kwalandelwa uceba ukubekwa yezikhala phezu kwindawo yonke. Kwezinye iimeko, umthwalo lazo, yaye ngenxa yoko ke indawo yamakariti akusoloko ilungile ukusuka kwindawo zejometri ngayo.

Inyathelo phakathi zitsho iqhosha lemenyu

Le ndlela yokwakha kwiimeko Russian lusekiwe kumgama omncinane ngexesha kungekabekwa isiseko igoqo-Screw: oko kudla 1.7 m phezu komhlaba. Enanikade isibini ngasinye kufuneka kushiya isikhewu (hayi ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 m) yonke umaleko womhlaba, ngamanye indawo kwi nto leyo ezayame kuqhutywa. Le ndlela yokulinganisa iza kuthintela umonakalo zenyanyekayo iinqwelwana umhlaba phezu kwesiseko yingqumba.

Umgama phakathi ziimfumba kwi ixabiso elikhulu amaziko-enomgangatho omnye ngu:

• ngokuba izindlu iinkuni okanye nemithi - 3 m;
• ngokuba asikiweyo izinto panel olwalusele - 3 m;
• ukuba izakhiwo ngeebhloko gypsum ipatishini, igesi eziphathekayo enamagumbi ibloko kunye - 2.5 m;
• ngokuba Izitena - 2 m.

Njengoko kubonakala, izakhiwo ukukhanya ngamaplanga kambe zifuna ilungiselelo ngaphantsi ashinyeneyo yezikhala,, ukuba uceba isakhiwo esinemigangatho-2, inyathelo nga lincitshiswe.

Inyathelo phakathi kwenqwaba precast

Umgama phakathi inkxaso iziqalelo precast ibandakanya ubalo ifomula jikelele. I Parameter ephambili apha ke ubukhulu yingqumba. Kubalulekile ukwabelana olu hlobo loyilo ngokweendidi ezimbini: ejingayo kunye nezinye izinto. Kwimeko yokuqala, kumgama omncinane Yimbi kangakanani le ubukhulu liphindaphindwe amathathu. zitsho enobubanzi obukhulu kubandakanya phinda ngo ezintandathu.

zilungiselelwe nge pitch ubuncinane, ixabiso sawo amaxesha enye enesiqingatha ngaphezu ubudeki balo nezinye izinto. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isiseko igoqo, nto leyo umgama phakathi ziimfumba kuyehla kube ubuncinane, azisoloko ukuwina ukuthembeka. Into yokuba eli tyholo (common) indlela yokufaka exhasa kwaye kudala isiphumo engathandekiyo yokunyusa ezike. Ngako oko ke kucetyiswa kusoloko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo ubuchule ukusasaza imithwalo phezu kwemoto kwi uqwalaselo olulodwa.

Ukutenxa i "kwisiqhelo"

Nangona uphuhliso lwemithetho ezifanayo ngokusekelwe apho indlela yokubala umgama phakathi amathumba, kwimeko nganye kuquka isixa esikhulu kujonge izinto. Ngoko ke, iinjineli aqalile landela umthetho olula: ukuchonga ubukhulu inani avumelekile yezikhala nangokufanelekileyo ayisasaze kulo mmandla kuthathelwa ingqalelo imithwalo.

Kuxhomekeka projekthi, icetyelwe isiseko igoqo, umgama phakathi ziimfumba kungancitshiswa okanye linyuke. Umzekelo, ukuba icebo ibonelela udonga amangalele langaphakathi idlulela umthwalo macala omabini, oko kukuthi, intsingiselo pesenti ukuncitshiswa 30 nganye incochoyi izinto lokuzala.

Ukwandisa umgama nawo ngokwawo awukho lesayensi, ukuba kukho amanyathelo zobugcisa. Kwiimeko ezinjalo evame ufakelo olongezelelweyo imiqadi isiseko. Kunzima ukuba singatsho ukuba ukuzithethelela ukwanda mgama, ngokuba akukho ukulungiswa uya kwenza oluthembekileyo isiseko mfumba-rostverkovy. Umgama phakathi amathumba, nto leyo eyandisa ngenxa imali kuba kungafaneleki. Ubuncinane ngenxa yokuba nokomelezwa olongezelelweyo ibiza ngaphezu "extra", kodwa ezakheke afanelekileyo inani yezikhala isiseko.

ilungiselelo Uqwalaselo unqwabelana

Ukongeza umgama phakathi amathumba, nto inentsingiselo kunye nendlela umbutho. Ukhetho loqwalaselo ethile ixhomekeke sokubambela imithwalo. Kukho iinketho eziliqela kukubekwa isekela kwisiza isiseko: ngabanye, ku ngcelele, ngokohlobo iimilo ezahlukeneyo zejiyometri kunye intsimi eqhubekekayo, oluthi luqokelelane isiseko yingqumba. Umgama phakathi ziimfumba kwimeko nganye zikhokelwa imithetho jikelele yokubala, kodwa zilungiswe.

Avamise kakhulu ukuba Bawafumba imicu (umqolo uqwalaselo), kunye nenqumba zeCAPS kwaye "spray" kuthetha ilungiselelo oxineneyo abathwali. izinto ufakelo Equipment ngomgca isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iindonga zezakhiwo - le yindlela kweqhelekileyo isixhobo kwendlu ukuze Izakhiwo zokuhlala. Dot kuyilo ezibandakanya imithwalo enzima, kucetyiswa indlela imfumba "ehlathini". eqhubekayo isixhobo endle yenzelwe ukuxhasa embi kunazo zonke izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Unqwabelana kulo mzekelo baba ngokulinganayo kwaye kunye esomeleleyo grillage kuphela monolithic.