Imfundo e Kazakhstan: izigaba zokufunda

Imfundo e Kazakhstan yinkqubo eqhubekayo zemfundo noqeqesho ekhuthaza uphuhliso iimpawu zobungcali yokuziphatha kubemi lizwe. Ziziphi iinkalo zemfundo kweli lizwe, kukho ezinye izibonelelo-mali zokufunda, kunye nendlela yemfundo kwamanye amazwe? Yonke imibuzo siya kuphendula kule ncwadi.

Ingakumbi inkqubo yemfundo Kazakhstan

Inkqubo yemfundo Kazakhstan umiselwe ukwenzela ukuba iinkqubo zoqeqesho ilizwe lungohlulwa lube iindidi ezimbini: i yobungcali jikelele. Ukongeza, kukho amanqanaba eziliqela. Ngoko ke, imfundo samabanga aphantsi, aphakamileyo, ephakamileyo isidanga, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, izidanga.

imfundo Secondary kweli lizwe (Kazakhstan)

Bonke abemi kufanele kufuneka ukuba afumane imfundo aphakamileyo. Kwakhona unalo amanqanaba ezimbalwa. Ingcamango kwe-avareji ukubunjwa ziquka, eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari zobugcisa umsebenzi (okanye yezandla). Isikolo esamkela abantwana ukususela emithandathu ukuya kwiminyaka esixhenxe. Kwimfundo yamabanga, kukho nezigaba ezithathu: kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi (kuqala ukuya kwibakala lesine), uninzi (ukusuka yesihlanu ukuya kwibakala lethoba) kunye endala (yeshumi kunye amabakala elinanye). Abafundi abaninzi unesiphiwo unokufunda phantsi kweenkqubo ezizodwa kwizikolo enzelwe abantwana abakrelekrele, apho baye bakwazi ngokupheleleyo ngakumbi isakhono sabo.

Ke ukuba imfundo yobugcisa, ixesha irisithi idla ithatha phakathi kweminyaka emibini emithathu, nabantu bayo abaselula esikolweni okanye esikoleni sokufundela (sele ngokusekelwe lesibini jikelele). Iikholeji kunye nezikolo enzelwe kwizifundo ezithathu okanye ezine.

imfundo ephakamileyo e Kazakhstan

Ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo, kufuneka kuqala ukugqiba esikolweni, kwikholeji okanye esikolweni. Abafaki-zicelo kuza emva komhla lokuthweswa kunye nomnyango iimviwo ngohlobo linovavanyo enye esisemgangathweni, leyo kuthiwa UNT. Abo baye bafumana imfundo lesibini ukuya ezintsha, ungakwazi ukubhala omnye umsebenzi. Kwimeko yabo, kuyimfuneko ukuba baphumelele uvavanyo olubanzi. Abemi weRiphabliki uyakwazi ukufumana emva ukhuphiswano mali ngempumelelo ngamazwe ekuthiwa "Bolashak", nto leyo enika ithuba lokufumana imfundo aphesheya. Xa umfundi abafundi abagqibileyo esikolweni samabanga aphakamileyo, waba bachelor (zesidanga kubandakanya iminyaka emine yokufunda), ingcaphephe (iminyaka emihlanu) okanye Master (kwiminyaka emithandathu). Second Higher Education kuphela ngokusekelwe isivumelwano ziyafumaneka ku Kazakhstan. Ngelo xesha linye Uqeqesho luthatha indawo ngesantya olungongezwanga, kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu.

Ukukhokela iiyunivesithi eyazekayo kwi yaseYurophu National University, Kazakh National University. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Karaganda State University kunye nabanye abaninzi. et al.

imfundo benezidanga

Ukuze ufumane uqeqesho isidanga yobungcali, Kazakhstan kufuneka awodwa okanye inkosi. Uqeqesho olunjalo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iziqu kunye assistantship zobugqirha. Abahlali ilizwe kunikwa emva kokugqitywa ngempumelelo yokhuphiswano mali lwamazwe ngamazwe, apho ungachitha yemfundo kwamanye amazwe. abafundi Graduate bafunde akukho ngaphezulu kwe-4 iminyaka, abancedisi - hayi kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-3, kwaye sobugqirha ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha iminyaka emithathu.

Scholarship kunye nezibonelelo

Ngokutsho komthetho Kazakh, bonke abemi bafumane imfundo yamabanga aphantsi vocational likhululekile, kwaye kuphela ukuba sicatshulwa kolu khuphiswano - izibonelelo yezandla lesibini simahla, ephakamileyo kunye nemfundo isidanga (kulo mzekelo, ukuba oku liqondo lokuqala). Kukho kwakhona inkqubo mboleko karhulumente. Ezi mboleko zemfundo zikhutshelwa kwi ngenxa yokhuphiswano. Oku kuthatha ingqalelo amanqaku isatifikethi, elikhutshwa emva abapasa uvavanyo UNT. Izibonelelo angafumana ngokusekelwe kukhetho ngokukhethwa abo ophumelele kwi-Olimpiki Games yenqanaba wezwe kunye nokhuphiswano ephakamileyo.

Education bokufika

Oonyana bolunye uhlanga osisigxina abahlala Kazakhstan, ungakwazi ukufumana imfundo kwakunye abemi beRiphabliki. It yamkele nemigaqo esemthethweni yomGaqo-lizwe, inani zezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, njalo njalo. P. leMfundo eguqukayo ku Kazakhstan, isixokelelwano uyaphuculwa ngokungqinelana neemfuno ixesha. Nakuba kunjalo, ilungelo lemfundo abakhululekileyo Ukuphandwa ngokufumaneka yokufunda karhulumente isiqu-sokuhlola abemi beli lizwe kunye amazwe kunye nabantu abangenayo ubumi.

ulwazi zembali

Unyaka ukubunjwa Kazakhstan njengelizwe eyahlukileyo yaba sisiqalo kwi ekuqaleni yokuguqula inkqubo yemfundo kweli lizwe.

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, inkoliso abantwana bafunda ngo madrassas, apho ukufunda kusingathwa kuphela nemiba zonqulo yaye kakuhle. Phambi kokuba revolution 1917 kwakukho nje izikolo ezimbalwa kunye Kazakh kunye neelwimi Russian. Kumaxesha Soviet, le meko itshintshe. Unyaka isiseko weRiphabliki Kazakhstan ngokwesikhundla geqe waqalisa iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kule ndawo.

Kule 90 yokuqala kwakukho izikolo zamabanga malunga 8.5 amawaka, ezinenani labafundi ababhalisileyo elingaphantsi abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3. Ngelo xesha, malunga 272 000 abafundi bathatha inxaxheba kumaziko 61 ephakamileyo zemfundo Kazakhstan (apho nama-54 pesenti - i Kazakhs, no-31 pesenti - Russian).

Ngowe-1995, ngokungqinelana nomGaqo-siseko imfundo karhulumente zasesekondari baba kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni. Amaziko emfundo ephakamileyo aqalisa ukwamkela izicelo qho kukhuphiswano.

ukubambisana international

Education, Science, Republic of Kazakhstan yaphuhliswa phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente kunye ngamazwe kunye iivoti. Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini kwizikolo ezizisekondari neeyunivesithi.

Ngo-2000, urhulumente Kazakhstan kunye Tajikistan nokusebenzela lombutho liziko ngamazwe. Kwafuneka ukuba igama University of Central Asia waba ngowokuqala ehlabathini olu hlobo ziko. Kwakuthetha ukuba lo mbutho uya kuba iikhampasi ezintathu, yaye izindlu zakhiwa Kazakhstan kufuphi kwikomkhulu.

Ngo-2003, i-Asian Development Bank yabelwa kurhulumente 600 amawaka eerandi ngenkxaso yobugcisa. Ndikunye Kazakhstan entsimini lemfundo asebenza amalungu iPeace Corps abameli bemibutho engekho phantsi korhulumente lomlinganiswa.

2006 waba unyaka ku-lizwe utyelelo yi Yozza Rice. Yena ke kwintetho yakhe kumsitho ukutyelelwa kwezikolo kunye namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo kuqatshelwe izinga eliphezulu. Ngokutsho kuye, oku kufuneka kube ngumba kuphuhliso ngempumelelo karhulumente.

izifundo Iilwimi ku Kazakhstan

Ngokutsho manani, leyo wabhengezwa ngo-2009, abantwana abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-2.5 ababhalise kwizikolo zasesekondari zikarhulumente, efundisa ulwimi Kazakh imiselwe ku-60 ekhulwini, Russian - 35 ekhulwini, kunye Uzbek - 3 ekhulwini. Inani lilonke lezikolo apho yokufundisa luqhutywa ngolwimi olusemthethweni, likhula okwangoku.

Ngaloo ndlela, phezu-60% yezikolo kunye 48% yabafundi baseyunivesithi zaqeqeshwa kwi-Kazakh ngo-Oktobha 2009.

UMphathiswa weMfundo Kazakhstan kuqatshelwe ngo-2010 ukuba izikolo zasesekondari Russian akuxhomekekanga ivaliwe ngqo ngurhulumente. abazali umfundi kuphela Ungakhetha apho isikolo ukuthumela abantwana babo kufanele. UMphathiswa weMfundo wayesebenzisa ingqalelo into yokuba ulwimi Russian lokufundisa imalunga ne-30% yezikolo zasesekondari, kwaye eli nani okunene kude ekubeni amancinci.

Ukususela ngo-2010, ukufunda imbali yeli lizwe kwizikolo Kazakh semthethweni kuphela in Kazakh.

Sele ngo-2011, amanani abonisa ukuba inani labafundi baseyunivesithi abafunda ngolwimi olusemthethweni ezingaphezu kwama-300,000 (ngaphezu kwama-50% yabafundi).

Abantu abatsha kweli ezixhasayo lizwe ukufunda ekhaya Kazakh kukuba inika yokupasa ukuze bafumane izibonelelo zemfundo, Kukhuthaza umsebenzi wakhe, kuquka urhulumente kunye yokusebenza komthetho.

Uninzi abemi beRiphabliki ngaphandle ulwimi karhulumente, ezifundiswa Russian. Noko ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi izikolo kuzwelonke. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba Tajik, Uzbek kunye Uighur. Noko ke, abafundi babo ungakhetha ulwimi apho Kwathi uvavanyo olunye. Kodwa ukhetho singenziwa kuphela eyamkela Russian okanye Kazakh.

Iinkcukacha-manani 2014 uqinisekisa ingcamango yokuba ezikolweni kunye needyunivesithi, abafundi abangaphezu kwe-50% Unyule ulwimi olusemthethweni. Oku kuthetha ngokuthanda popularization ye-Kazakh ulwimi kwinkqubo yemfundo.