Imiba lwemozulu Russian ezisisiseko. Yintoni imiba lwemozulu-Russian?

nesimo sezulu - iimeko ukuyilwa ethile uhlobo lwemozulu. Oku kubangela ukuba luchaphazele amaqondo obushushu, umoya, imvula kunye nezinye ngokwezalathi ezibalulekileyo. Cinga sezulu esisiseko Imiba Russia - lizwe ngobukhulu ehlabathini yi ndawo.

radiation Solar, ekwizibanzi kunye nezinye izinto zemozulu

Inkwenkwezi kwenkqubo yethu - umthombo engundoqo ubushushu on Earth. radiation nemitha kumanqanaba Solar - esinye sezizathu ezibalulekileyo ukuze kwakhiwe kwemozulu. sphericity ngenxa planet engile reyi engalinganiyo kwi-ikhweyitha kwi ekweleenjiko kunye ezinezinga ezibandayo. Kodwa asinguye kuphela lo meko imisela uya kuba yintoni amaqondo obushushu kunye nexesha lonyaka kwezinye iindawo. Kukho nezinye izinto ezinkulu zemozulu:

• Ukubolekisa air mass;
• iindawo ngama;
• features ndiphefumle;
• ifuthe kweelwandle, iilwandle, umgama kwamanye amazwekazi.

imisebe yelanga

Asizizo zonke imisebe inkwenkwezi yethu ifikelela ngaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nexabiso amandla engenayo umiselwa indawo ndawo kwaye kuxhomekeke eziliqela nezinye izizathu. Inxalenye ukukhanya (malunga nama-20%), babonisa umphantsi nomphezulu yeegesi. Malunga ne-30% kuba amafu kwentamo kwamasuntswana othuli kunye amathontsi amanzi. Isixa esiyi-radiation ngqo kunye saa ukufikelela iqokobhe-langa nzima. Kule fomu yokugqibela kukhutshwe yemisebe wendele kwaye kubonakala.

Kukufakwa ixhomekeke ubushushu ethile conductivity thermal kumphezulu ngxabano. Amanzi eliphezulu umthamo ethile ubushushu, iilwandle kunye neelwandle ukufunxa 95% radiation ngqo solar, ngokuthe ngcembe yande ubushushu ehlotyeni, ubusika enikwe kancinci. mhlophe qhwa, ice ufunxe malunga ne-15% kwaye ibonisa 85% ye kwimitha leyo lifikelele komhlaba. Kuba black reflectance lomhlaba - 4%.

nesimo sezulu - izizathu ezinxulumeneyo ukuze kwakhiwe kwemozulu. Nantsi imizekelo umphumo intsalela radiation kwezinye iimeko. Ngoko, kwi kummandla Russia xa babehamba ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi radiation iyonke elanga kuncitshiswa amaxesha malunga 2.7. Kwi Sakhalin Island, ibekwe kuLwandle Okhotsk kwimpuma eRashiya, amafu zibonisa-70% ye-kwelanga. Isiphumo isimo sezulu ngaphezu ezinezinga efanayo ngaphakathi nezwe.

kwegazi uwabonisa

Izizathu eziphambili lokuqulunqa kunye nentshukumo zoqhaphelo olukhulu lomoya - umphezulu zokufudumeza olungalinganiyo ilanga omhlaba. Le yenye yeemeko ezingundoqo ngokusekwa xi ezahlukeneyo umoya kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Iimpawu khona umoya zixhomekeke kwendawo ukubunjwa kwabo, ukuze uyawongamela emoyeni ulwandle iilwandle, oko zimanzi, phezu nemisinga - zwekazi owomileyo. iisimboli ncwadi olufinyeziweyo kwezi iintlobo ezimbini - M ngokwahlukahlukeneyo kwaye K. Xa befunda izinto kwemozulu-Russian, qiniseka ukuba bachaze iintlobo ezintathu ezingundoqo khona umoya - arctic, eyingcathu kunye emvula. Iiplastiki zaselwandle kunye nezelizwekazi. Sebenzisa iziqupho ezinjalo: MAV, CAV, MSY, IMC, MTV, KTV.

Iintlobo ezikhoyo khona umoya wagqiba kakhulu kwimozulu kunye nemozulu neempawu:

• womoya;
• iqondo kwi kumphezulu inwebu emoyeni;
• ngakulo umoya njalo;
• elubala zezulu;
• ukufuma.

izihlwele Air bayakwazi ukutshintsha, ukutshintsha iimpawu zomzimba, ihamba phezu komhlaba ukusuka kummandla ukuya komnye.

yobubanzi yendawo

Umlinganiselo phakathi ingeniso kunye nenkcitho ye-solar kwemitha - Umncono radiation - omnye wemiba ephambili zemozulu. Ichaphazela ulawulo wobushushu umhlaba kunye nezinye iindawo yeegesi asezantsi. Ukususela imali eseleyo radiation kuxhomekeke komphunga amanzi, inguqu khona umoya omkhulu, ubomi bomntu kunye nezityalo. Kodwa yintoni eyona miba ephambili sezulu? Le inkululeko - Umgama ukusuka ikhweyitha ukuya kwindawo uphando kumphezulu komhlaba.

NgoJulayi, i-engile ephakathi imiqadi kunye phezu komhlaba Northern ekweleenjiko ukhanyiso phantse 90 °. Emva koko, per unit indawo namandla, ebanjwe bomelele ilizwe, kwaye kuwo - emoyeni. I kude ikhweyitha kunye ekweleenjiko, ezibandayo.

Impembelelo yesibanzi sezulu eRashiya

Cinga isiphumo igqi- kwemozulu mzekelo Russian Federation. Ilizwe lususela enomkhenkce Arctic ukuya efudumeleyo zaseCaucasus, ukusuka kunxweme lweBaltic ukuya Chukotka kunye neelwandle ze-Pacific Ocean. Imozulu utshintshatshintsha kakhulu ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi ukusuka empuma kuye entshona. A umoya eyingcathu, badla angene abandayo mass umoya Arctic kuchaphazela manzi anticyclone eSiberia air Atlantic.

iintlobo Omkhulu, kodwa iRashiya umba esisiseko sezulu umgama ukusuka ikhweyitha. Xa usiya imida emazantsi eli lizwe kwandisa ixabiso imisebe yelanga. I ngakumbi Arctic Circle kunye North Pole, ezibandayo. Ngaloo ndlela, phezu ngama kuxhomekeke ikakhulu iimeko zemozulu ixesha elide kwimimandla ehlukeneyo yelizwe.

Isiqabu, ifuthe amazwekazi neelwandle - nesimo sezulu

Akunjalo ukwabiwa umoya ngokungqongqo nothobela umthetho zonation latitudinal kwaye kuxhomekeke kuphela radiation elanga. Ukuba ukuqhagamshela imigca izixeko Russian kunye namaqondo obushushu ehlotyeni efanayo, kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba ngoJulayi isotherms ibekwe ikakhulu ngokulandelelanayo ngama. Kodwa ke inxalenye yaseYurophu Russia isotherm Januwari 0, -8, -10 ° C ekude kwe eSiberia. It kuthambisa imozulu mmandla ukuya ukuya Urals impembelelo ye-Atlantic Ocean kunye nemisinga efudumeleyo yalo.

chain Meridional phambene Mountains ulibaziseko ibekwe umoya nokufuma kwaye ezishushu Atlantic. On the Pacific emdeni isotherm ngoJulayi ngezantsi kwi ezinezinga efanayo kweli lizwe, ngenxa imiphumo zemvula ehlotyeni ukwanda phezu kwisiqithi Sakhalin, yemisebe saa. Xa ukunyuka ezintabeni ubushushu iwela nokuba ngama efanayo.

Siberian High (anticyclone eSiberia)

Phezu kwendawo yakwa Mongolia ukususela kuNovemba ukuya kuMatshi esilawulwa kummandla koxinzelelo oluphezulu womoya. Ndiyila khona umoya kunye namaqondo asezantsi ukusuka CAV abavela entla. Ngeli xesha lonyaka imozulu kummandla phantse aluchaphazeli Pacific Ocean. Mountains of Southern naseMpuma eSiberia abakukhusela ukusasaza umoya iphela. Isiphumo uba kwanala eRashiya yaye amaqondo obushushu Northern saseNtla kumphezulu inwebu ojikeleze umhlaba (-40 ukuya -70 ° C).

inversions ubushushu kwenzeka xa umoya obandayo stagnates kwi misinga. Ngoko, xa ukufudumala malunga 2km yi malunga + 10 ... + 20 ° C ngaphezu kwi misinga ne-sangqa kumphandle. Ukufumanisa ukuba mibandela kwemozulu-sibonile ukuba kubalulekile nje oonobangela, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa iimeko kwindawo ethile.

ekumisweni sezulu

Embindini kunye kumntla inxalenye yaseYurophu Russia uwa kwezulu ngaphezu ngama efanayo Eastern eSiberia. Ngakwintshona eli lizwe iphuma Atlantic MSY benamandla umsebenzi yinkanyamba (kubushushu obuphantsi, iliqhwa, iishawa). I encinci imvula Arctic Circle, waziva impembelelo CAV, ukufuma kakuhle. ESiberia kunye Urals nemozulu lizwekazi wahlukile ukusuka kwimimandla yaseYurophu kweli lizwe. Ehlotyeni ishushu kakhulu kwaye elifutshane ebusika - elide, kubanda kakhulu.

Kwelisezantsi, kummandla Astrakhan enokuchatshazelwa kakhulu ezo zinto zemozulu: inkululeko kwendawo ixabiso elinxulunyaniswa imisebe yelanga, ukujikeleziswa komoya. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuqwalaselwe nefuthe kwimozulu kunye nemozulu kwehlobo owomileyo nobushushu KTV, ovela Kazakhstan kunye Central Asia. Kokufumana khona umoya ofanayo kuLwandle Black kunxweme Russia ovalelweyo Ezintabeni phezulu entabeni.

iimeko ezithile eKamchatka kwasekwa indibanisela elwandle kunye nohlobo lwemozulu kabukhali yezwekazi. Lo mmandla luphawulwa utshintsho rhoqo kwi kwimozulu, yimimoya enamandla, imvula kakhulu ebusika - ngokohlobo nekhephu.

izikhali zezulu

Wokuqonda ukuba yintoni nesimo sezulu, sigxile kakhulu iinkqubo zendalo ezinzulu. Kufuneka achaze izibakala ezifana ukunyuka komndilili weqondo lobushushu lomoya yonyaka kunye nemvula engagunyaziswanga kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo. Kuyinto umthetho wendalo, okanye ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu ezenziwe ngabantu?

Impendulo eqinisekileyo lo mbuzo Kunzima ukunika. Ayizange ibuye iimpikiswano malunga ngaba iyasetyenziswa na isixhobo kwemozulu, wadala okanye nje kuphuhliswa. Ingakumbi isebenzayo kuxoxwe ngexesha wave ubushushu kakhulu eRashiya ehlotyeni ka-2010. Lobushushu kule isembindini eseneminyaka eli-10 ° C ngaphezu nakumndilili mmandla. Unyaka yaba ishushu ukususela ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Naziphi imililo ihlathi elikhulu, kwakukho nokulatyuza yokufa phakathi kwabantu.

isixhobo Imozulu - indlela ukulawula ngemozulu iinjongo zomkhosi. Iintshaba ukubandezeleka ilahleko ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka zendalo (imbalela, izikhukula). Ngomhla ekudalweni zemozulu kwezixhobo eUnited States eSoviet Union, oososayensi baqalisa ukusebenza phakathi kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. izenzo ezinjalo ichasene UN Convention, othintela ukusetyenziswa komkhosi iindlela ukuguqulwa lokusingqongileyo. Urhulumente US uphika impembelelo neyenziweyo umoya ukuze ukwenzakalisa kwezinye States, uluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo.