"Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" uhlalutyo. Uhlalutyo imveliso "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" yi Gogol

"Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" - imveliso engundoqo Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya, hayi kuphela isikali nobunzulu nentetho equkayo, wobugcisa. Kuba lo msebenzi umbhali kuwo waqalisa inkqubo elide umbhali kunye self-ulwazi lwabantu. Uhlalutyo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" kuya kwenziwa kweli nqaku.

Gogol wathi emva kokupapashwa umqulu wokuqala ukuba isifundo engundoqo imisebenzi yakhe - abaqeshisi hayi emabi, hayi kweli phondo, yaye "imfihlelo" ukuba ngequbuliso ukuba sivulelwe abafundi imiqulu zilandelayo.

"Ekuqaleni Ibala le" design grand

Ukufunwa ukuba uhlobo, utshintsho kuyilo, umsebenzi okubhaliweyo nemiqulu ezimbini zokuqala, ngokunjalo ukucinga malunga lesithathu - kukho iziqwenga wesidlo "Construction", uqhutywe UNikolai Vasilyevich inxalenye kuphela. Ngokusebenzisa ekuhlalutyeni "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba umthamo yokuqala - oku nje inxalenye apho esisishwankathelo okucwangcisiweyo yonke. Olu 'ekuqaleni isixa "yabasebenzi, ukuchonga yombhali. Akukho nto UNikolai wamfanisa evarandeni, ukuba xhuma "ibhotwe" quick lokwakha yephondo.

Zahamba njani esi sicwangciso?

Iimpawu ukwakheka nesihloko, nentsusa na uhlobo enxulumene nzulu kunye nophuhliso ingcamango lokuqala "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Xa engcanjini imveliso Pushkin. Xa amazwi UNikolai, imbongi wamcebisa ukuba bangenele umsebenzi omkhulu yaye wacebisa isakhiwo sebali apho wayefuna ukudala "into efana umbongo." Kodwa, hayi kangako ibali ngokwayo, "ndacinga," zingaphi amabanjwa yaba 'ngapantsi "ye Pushkin Gogol. Kwazeka oko kakuhle umbhali elizayo umbongo amabali amaninzi asekelwe kwi umkhonyovu na ekuthiwa "imiphefumlo abafileyo". Njengoko ulutsha, Gogol e Myrhorod kwakukho enye yezi meko.

"Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" yi Gogol kumaxesha Russian

"Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" - ngamakhoboka, owayefile, kodwa waqhubeka ukuba babhalise kude live elandelayo "ubhalise-mabali." Kuphela emva kokuba efile ngokusemthethweni. Emva 'irejista-ngantsomi "abaqeshisi wayeka irhafu uhlolisiso kubo - werhafu okhethekileyo. Khona nabalimi iphepha kufuneka ufunge, kunikelwe ngayo okanye ithengiswe ngaphezu imigulukudu maxa wambi kusetyenziswa oomoya ngabanini kuphela ithuba lokuba balahle non-ingeniso ezingenisa ngamakhoboka, kodwa kwakhona ukufumana imali kubo.

Umthengi "imiphefumlo abafileyo" waba umnini urhulumente wokwenene kakhulu. Adventure ophambili usebenza Chichikov - njengesiphumo "Inspirational Thought", ekwindla kuyo - i Board of Trustees uyakunika serf ngamnye engange-200.

inoveli Adventure-picaresque

Isiseko ekuthiwa adventure-picaresque inoveli wamnika "bhalo" ne "imiphefumlo nabafileyo". Olu hlobo inoveli ebesoloko athandwa kakhulu kuba eyonwabisayo ezahlukeneyo. Abadala owayephila Gogol wadala imisebenzi kule uhlobo (VT Narezhny, FV Bulgarin et al.). iinoveli zabo, nangona kwinqanaba ubugcisa kunokuba aphantsi, kunye waba nempumelelo enkulu.

Ukuguqulwa uhlobo adventure-picaresque ezintsha kwinkqubo

imodeli Incoko sinomdla kwimveliso zezi - oku ke adventure-picaresque inoveli, njengoko "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" uhlalutyo. Nangona kunjalo, zezinga ngethuba umsebenzi umbhali kule ndalo. Unikela ubungqina kulo, umzekelo, uphawu copyright "Poem", owayebonakele emva kokuba isicwangciso ngokubanzi kunye ingcinga engundoqo ayilungiswanga Gogol ( "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo").

Uhlalutyo imveliso utyhila iimpawu umdla ilandelayo. "Bonke Russia liya kuba kuyo; '- i ithisisi ka Gogol, ngubani nje wagxininisa ubukhulu yoyilo" Imiphefumlo Abafileyo "xa kuthelekiswa umnqweno original" nangona kwicala elinye "ukubonisa eRashiya, kodwa kwangaxeshanye kwakuthetha ngokutsha angundoqo imodeli uhlobo olukhethiweyo ngaphambili. Saba kufutshane UNikolai ngaphaya adventure-picaresque inoveli zemveli kuba nako ukulungiselela ubutyebi isicwangciso esitsha. Kuphela enye umbono ngendlela Russia uye waba "Odyssey" Chichikov.

inoveli Adventure-picaresque, baphulukana indima ephambili "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", washiywa kunye nemvulophu uhlobo ngenxa yobuciko umbongo kunye nesifundo uphawu eziqhubekayo.

Features umfanekiso Chichikov

Enye indlela esetyenziswa kule uhlobo - imfihlelo imvelaphi hero. Umlinganiswa ophambili yaba kwizahluko zokuqala indoda abantu abaqhelekileyo, a foundling, kwaye ekupheleni komsebenzi, ekoyiseni imiqobo zobomi, yena wazifumana ngesiquphe, unyana ka ngabazali afumileyo, wafumana ilifa. UNikolai wenqaba ngamandla le template.

Esebenzisa uhlalutyo umbongo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba uqaphele ukuba Chichikov yindoda "phakathi". Umbhali uthi ngaye ukuba yena "hayi embi ngenkangeleko," kodwa hayi handsome, hayi obhityileyo kakhulu kwaye obukhulu kakhulu, hayi amadala kakhulu kwaye abaselula kakhulu. Umfundi ibali ofihlakeleyo ubomi wamazwe phantsi wokugqibela, Isahluko seshumi elinanye. Kule uqinisekile ukuba ufunda ngenyameko "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Uhlalutyo yi sahluko utyhila into yokuba imvelaphi umbhali usixelela elinanye kuphela. Ekubeni isigqibo ukukwenza oko, Gogol uqala ngokuthi wayegxininisa i "ubukrwada", lo ordinariness beqhawe. Abhale ukuba "uNothozamile" kunye "mnyama" yemvelaphi yako. UNikolai kwakhona ephikisa ezinkulu ekumiseni uphawu yakho (hayi njengonqevu, kodwa hayi a hero), kodwa eyeka kwi the main njengoko Chichikov - i "umthengi", "umqashi".

Chichikov - i "avareji" umntu

Kule umlinganiswa, ngoko into engaqhelekanga apho - ekuthiwa-mntu "umlinganiselo", nto leyo waqinisa Gogol line, abantu abaninzi badla. UNikolai ubona ukutshintsha yonke inkanuko yakhe usiqeqeshela okusilungeleyo, ukufumana ukukhanya ungumshologu njengokubonisa ubomi elihle "ubuhlwempu zabantu" ubuhlwempu iinjongo ebomini kwaye izinto zokomoya - bonke abantu abaninzi ekufihleni kangaka ngenyameko. Uhlalutyo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" ubonisa ukuba Gogol wathabatha biography hero ayikho kangako ukutyhila ekupheleni lemveliso "imfihlelo" yobomi bakhe, ukuba bakhumbuze njani abafundi ukuba le nto umntu ezizodwa, yaye eziqhelekileyo. Nabani unako ukubona i "yinxalenye Chichikov." Ezithile

namaqhawe "Omhle" imisebenzi

Adventure-picaresque iinoveli yebali "entshula" yakwaNtu ukufuna kwabantu ngolunya, ngokunyoluka zikhohlakeleyo ophambili. Ngubani elwela amalungelo babo egoso bavela bakhangela phantse "umzekelo ogqibeleleyo". Njengomgaqo, ngokuba wancedwa ngabantu onovelwano nezinesidima, ungabi ukuveza iminqweno lombhali.

Noko ke, Chichikov kwi umqulu wokuqala imisebenzi kungekho unisukelayo. Kwakhona kwinoveli, hayi abalinganiswa, nenokuthi ubuncinane othile, ngabalandeli uluvo lombhali. Ngohlalutyo yomsebenzi, "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", siyabona ukuba kuphela umqulu yesibini kukho Amaqhawe "positive" Kostanzhoglo mhlaba, umfama Murazov, ezingadibaniyo ukuya ukunyhashwa amagosa ezahlukeneyo kwirhuluneli. Kodwa le ingaqhelekanga abalinganiswa UNikolai ekude kakhulu kwindlela inoveli.

Yintoni oyithandayo UNikolai kwindawo yokuqala?

Eyakhiwe, amabali enziweyo baba imisebenzi emininzi abhalwe uhlobo inoveli adventure-picaresque. Eyona nto kujoliswe kuyo adventure, "adventures" rogues-amagorha. Kwaye UNikolai akanamdla adventures umlinganiswa ophambili ngokwawo, kungekhona zabo "eziphathekayo" japan (ekugqibeleni Chichikov wavuka urhulumente okufanayo ubuqhetseba), kunye nesiqulatho yazo yokuziphatha kunye nezentlalo, nto leyo evumela umbhali ukwenza 'isipili' fake ezibonisa Russia yanamhlanje ku "imiphefumlo Abafileyo" imveliso leyo. Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba oku lilizwe elinezinto benani athengisa "umoya" (okt abalimi kwabafileyo), kwakunye namagosa abanika uncedo ukuya wobuqhophololo endaweni onokukubuyisa oko. It has elikhulu isakhiwo sebali enokubakho lwesemantiki imveliso - ngokwesiseko lamanqanaba yayo yokwenene ezahlukeneyo enyanzeliswa phezu kwezinye imilinganiselo - nentanda-bulumko zokomfuziselo. Loo nto inika umdla gqitha ekuhlalutyeni abanini ( "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo"). Ngalinye abalinganiswa emihlanu yokomfuziselo kakhulu - xa ezichaza ngayo UNikolai isebenzisa elibi.

Njengengubo intshukumo zesakhiwo sebali

Gogol iyelenqe intshukumo ukucola ngabom, isiganeko ngasinye sikhatshwa iinkcazelo eneenkcukacha zehlabathi eziphathekayo apho abalinganiswa ubomi, ngokunjalo njengoko imbonakalo yazo, beqiqa malunga zabo iimpawu zomntu. Kungekuphela nje amandla, kodwa kwakhona ukubaluleka yokufelwa ibali adventure-picaresque. isiganeko ngasinye ebangela imveliso 'udaka "ukulinganisela copyright kunye namasiko, iinkcukacha, izibakala. Le noveli ichasene neemfuno uhlobo bayeka phantse ngokupheleleyo kwizahluko zokugqibela. Oku ukuqinisekiswa ngokuzimeleyo ngokwenza uhlalutyo kombongo Gogol kaThixo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Kuba uphuhliso amanyathelo intsingiselo iziganeko ezibini kuphela kuzo zonke abanye ukuba kuqhutywa ukususela yesixhenxe ukuya Isahluko seshumi elinanye. Le Ukutyeshela Chichikov kunye nobhaliso ngomsebenzi wokumsiza kubo.

Bafuna abafundi

UNikolai abafunda inzima kakhulu - afuna ukuba angene kuloo undoqo nesenzeko, yaye akazange rhutyu phezu kwamanzi, siye wacinga phezu intsingiselo efihlakeleyo abangabasemisebenzini "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Kufuneka sicingisise nzulu kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukubona ngaphaya "injongo" okanye ixabiso ulwazi amazwi umbhali ayingobantu ecacileyo, kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ngokomfuziselo ngokubanzi. Kuba njengokuba kuyimfuneko njengokuba Pushkin kaThixo "Evgenii Onegine", i-co-ukudalwa abafundi umbhali "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Okubalulekileyo, le isiqhamo sobugcisa ukubhala Gogol kaThixo akadalwanga koko waxelelwa into uchazwa yaye kwenziwa njani na. Uyabona ke, ukuba kanye uhlalutyo umsebenzi, "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Ilizwi sisixhobo unonophelo, nto leyo inkosi of Gogol.

UNikolai wabonisa ukuba umbhali, libhekisela ebantwini, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo uloyiko kunye nokungaqiniseki ezihlala abo benze izenzo ezimbi. Nokuvunywa kunye nehlazo abuthwale igama elithi "imbongi lyrical." Iimpikiswano malunga nohlobo exananazileyo nesenzeko yobomi - umxholo oluthandayo imisebenzi umbhali umdla kuthi.

Le uhlalutyo emfutshane ( "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo"). Malunga umsebenzi Gogol kaThixo, uyakwazi ukuthetha lukhulu. Ngayo esele siyichongile kuphela iingongoma eziphambili. Okubangel 'umdla kwakhona ukuba ahlale phezu nemifanekiso abaqeshisi kunye nombhali. Ungakwenza oku ngokwabo, ngokusekelwe uhlalutyo lwethu.