Imithetho umyalelo

Ngo komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ebonelelwe imithetho ayisosinyanzelo kwaye ngengqiqo. Udidi yokugqibela ngokwemveli kubangelwa uninzi kwezibonelelo kule nkqubo. Bavumela ukutenxa kwesivumelwano mutual ngokusebenzisa izifundo zabo.

Olugunyazisiweyo imithetho umthetho ngabo amagatya amandla omthetho ngaphezulu. Isigxina sabo esizigubungeleyo ngqo kwi zonke izifundo kuzo zonke iinkalo wentsebenziswano. imithetho olugunyazisiweyo i sisisiseko sawo wonke kwenkqubo ekhoyo.

Ingcinga busetyenzisiwe kwi kwiSiqendu 53 se Vienna Convention 1969. ke Kuye kwaqinisekiswa yi-Convention 1986. Inqaku-wesithathu amahlanu equlethwe zombini amaxwebhu, imithetho mandatory ezi amalungiselelo ezaziwayo kwaye elamkeleke noluntu kwihlabathi xa lulonke ukunqanda ezinxaxhileyo. Utshintsho kubo singenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa isikhundla elandelayo kule nkqubo iyonke, leyo umlinganiswa efanayo.

Ngenxa nkcazelo ingentla bayachongwa kunye neempawu ezithile eziye imithetho enyanzelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba iqwalaselwa kuphela kuluntu jikelele, apho ngelo xesha linye imisela ubume babo ezizodwa. imithetho olugunyazisiweyo ziqukiwe uluhlu lwemithetho umthetho jikelele amazwe yaye iqondo ophezulu ngokunyanzelwa (imbopheleleko) kuba konke ukutenxa kubo akuvumelekanga. La malungiselelo musa ukusebenzisa indlela eqhelekileyo usebenzisa particularistic, yengingqi kunye nezenzo yasekuhlaleni. Tshintsha namazinga peremptory ingaba imithetho kuphela status efanayo.

Le ndibano zikhankanywe ngentla ibekwe kunye nexesha elithile amalungiselelo ixesha amanyathelo. Xa kuthelekiswa namanye, ulawulo lomthetho kuba nomphumo engange. Ngenxa yoko, ngokungqinelana neSiqendu 64, ukuba kukho ilungiselelo elitsha, nawuphi na omnye umthetho echasene nalo, kuya kunqunyanyiswa nibe null and void.

La manqaku eyidrafti, ezibonisa uxanduva States, isithole ulawulo eyodwa elungiselela uxanduva ngenxa yokophula nemimiselo peremptory. Ukungaphumeleli ukuthobela nawuphi na amanye amalungiselelo ukumisela uhlobo uxanduva kwaye wenze isikhalazo violator URhulumente akanako becala abalimele kaRhulumente. Ukuba lokwaphula izibophelelo phantsi ulandelwe peremptory, onke amazwe kufuneka basebenzisane. Oku kuyimfuneko ukukhusela-ukungathotyelwa amalungiselelo. Kulo mzekelo, ilungelo iqela owenzakeleyo ulwamkelo izohlwayo (zokumelana) ngokuchasene umthetho yakwa akufuneki basebenze kunye nezibophelelo ezibangelwa nemigangatho peremptory.

Njengoko nomba inqaku imvelaphi eqhelekileyo kula malungiselelo. Kwezinye yezizwe ngezizwe jikelele (Geneva iindibano wepolitiki, amalungelo oluntu, umzekelo) kukho izenzo ayabiza. inqanaba labo ngembopheleleko iyafana nemigangatho peremptory, kodwa hayi ncam. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba owayesakuba abhekiswe kumazwe angamalungu ezi zivumelwano, kodwa lonke kuluntu xa lulonke.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imfundiso komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe aluchazi iindidi ezithile imithetho, banayo ubume uxhulumano. Noko ke, anikwe ukufana ethile yezikhundla, kukho inani, waqonda ukuba ingabalelwa kolu didi. Ezi zenzo, ingakumbi, zibandakanya oku kulandelayo: imigaqo kunye neenjongo eziphambili kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, amalungiselelo ukugxininisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni ngamazwe, kuthwelwe ngokwembali, izenzo bokulungisa ezipaselwe kwinqanaba elithile uluntu malunga namalungelo oluntu abantu bemveli, abanobuhlanga ezinye.