Imodeli Ukukhula Solow: ingqiqo, umsebenzi

Ukukhula koqoqosho lazamkela kumntu wonke. Ngapha koko, oko kuthetha ukuba ukubonelela ngenxa yokwanda kwenani iimfuno. Kukho amathuba amaninzi ukuqikelela kuya kwenzeka njani kwaye yintoni. Ngokomzekelo, Solow-Swan. Ukuze sinengcamango yokuba njani yaye kwenzeka ntoni na izixhobo ezithile zezibalo. Ngokomzekelo, imodeli ezininzi ukukhula neoclassical.

ulwazi jikelele

Ngqo umfuziselo we kwezoqoqosho ukukhula Solow wazisa ababhekisi bayo Prize Nobel. Oku akothusi - kuba ngoku siza kuthetha umsebenzi osisiseko, nto leyo eye yenziwa kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo (iminyaka 1950-1969). Kutheni kufuneka oko? Ngenxa yokuba sibe ngumzekelo ukukhula koqoqosho Solow, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlola iinketho ezahlukeneyo ze-nkqubo yezoqoqosho karhulumente, kwakunye nendlela osichaphazela ngayo umgangatho wempilo yabemi. Oku ingasetyenziswa ukuqikelela kakhulu njani imveliso wadala ngabantu asele ngoku, ukuba uya kusindiswa kwixesha elizayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba imali - ukuba utyalo-mali. Zimisela isixa mali, nto leyo eya kuba kuqoqosho elizayo. imodeli ukukhula Solow ubonisa zombini umthamo production abachatshazelwa yi ekukhuleni zabasebenzi, eyinkunzi stock kunye technologies eziphuculweyo. Kwaye kule sele ixhomekeke ukwanda kwingeniso yesizwe ixesha. Ukuze siqonde sifundo ngcono kwaye ukuba bangenise ulwazi olubanzi, siya kuqwalaselwa kwimiba parallel eziliqela umdla, ezifana umfuziselo Harrod-Domar.

wayenemfuyo of capital

Umfuziselo Ukukhula Solow kulo mba inikwe ingqalelo kakhulu. It is eyakhelwe kwisindululo ezaziwa ngokudala lizama kwimarike apho bafuna ukuba eziveliswa apho abathengi kunye nabatyali zimali. Ngamanye amazwi, idala iimveliso aye asetyenziswa kunye notyalo-mali. Ngoku makhe ukusebenzisa le fomyula kunye nezixhobo nakwimathematika. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi ukusetyenziswa has a yokubala elula: (1-NN) * D. Apha, NA - lelona zinga ulondolozo, D - ingeniso. Indlela efanayo kakhulu ibonisa indlela ezihamba ngesifo sephepha, ibonisa ipesenti esitokisini. A amathuba - yinto mali kunye njengendlela yenkxaso. Inxalenye yale mali, nto leyo igcinwe kwixesha elizayo iza kuxhasa sifundo ngamaxesha anzima. Ngokwezibalo, oku kuchazwe (kwaye ngexesha elinye zandiswa) ngokusebenzisa akhawunti kazwelonke (thina). Emva koko ifomula wethu iya kuba: (1-NA) * A + nathi. Ukuba wenza utshintsho kancinane, ngoko siya kuba National Assembly * D. Akucaci ukuba kwenzeka njani? Akukhathaliseki ngoku ubuso. Ingongoma apha yile: zotyalo - bona, ezifana nokusetyenziswa, ngokomlinganiselo ingeniso. Kwiimeko apho olulingana nesixamali eyongiweyo, izinga zabo ibonisa isixa kwimveliso lwalujoliswe mali eyinkunzi.

utshintsho umbono

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele umzekelo Solow njengomsebenzi nemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ongaka indawo kunokuba indlela yohlalutyo ukuze baqonde indlela nokwanda of capital igalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho lweli lizwe. ixabiso ogcweleyo kwi kwicandelo loqoqosho kweli lizwe itshintsha ngenxa yezizathu ezibini:

1. Imali kwaye kwandisa umthamo wayo.
2. Inxalenye eyinkunzi ehla okanye yehliswe ixabiso, nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi ixabiso layo.

Ukuhlalutya ngexesha elifanayo ukutshintsha imali eyinkunzi yimfuneko ukuthatha unonophelo ukuba imiba echongiweyo ezichaphazela nexabiso lotyalo-mali kunye lokuyimfihlo. Ukuze ufumane ubungakanani isalathiso yomqeshwa ngamnye, siyitshintshe ifomula yethu kancinane, bangene umsebenzi yemveliso, nto leyo ibonisa ubungakanani mali womsebenzi ngamnye kongxowankulu-size: NA * PF. Le fomyula isixelela? Umlinganiselo lwabasebenzi nongxowankulu ephakamileyo, kokukhona umthamo kwimveliso kunye notyalo-mali. Thetha ngako nezinye imodeli Keynesian zokukhula koqoqosho. Kwaye kule meko ke kubaluleke kakhulu kunye eyinkunzi kwemveliso ratio. Ngapha koko, oku kusetyenziswa, kunye noomatshini industrial zenkulungwane yokugqibela, kodwa ... Asinto ngempumelelo ngokwaneleyo ukuze ibe yimpumelelo.

ukwehliswa

Sisondela i data ekhoyo leyinene. Kwaye oku kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ukuphelwa lixabiso akhawunti. Bacinga ukuba umjikelo ezinkulu umlinganiselo iminyaka engama-25, kunye nemimiselo nokulahlwa (NV) - kwisihlanu ekhulwini ngonyaka. Njengoko ilahleko eyaziwa isigqibo, kufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ixesha offset njenge kulahlwa. Ngenxa yoko, ifomula sijongeka njengoku: asemhlabeni kuqweqwe = - HB. Yintoni na ixabiso lokugqibela ukuba esele siyazi. Umhlaba kuqweqwe - inguqu stock mali, yaye mna - mali. Kulula, kulungile? Xa unikel 'ingqalelo koko sele bekwenzile, le fomyula na ilungiswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Umhlaba kaThixo kuqweqwe = NA * D - NV.

uphenyo

Umlinganiselo abakhulu, kungona mkhulu isixa-mali kunye nemveliso ekubaleni ukuba umsebenzi omnye. Nalo eli xabiso ngaxeshanye kwandisa kunye nokuchithwa. Ezibanzi imeko ezinzileyo kona ayevisisanisa point of qha. Ukuba ndaba uqoqosho ukhula, kokukhona utyalo-mali, kunye kokoma waphawula ukuphuma. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, nayiphi koqoqosho isikhundla ozinzileyo, kungakhathaliseki ubungakanani capital sokuqala. Kuba imodeli sokukhula koqoqosho Solow Uphawu kukukwazi ukuvavanya indlela yophuhliso.

isicelo Umzekelo

Makhe sinikele ingqalelo elidlulileyo yoqoqosho yehlabathi. Iinjongo Germany kunye Japan kuthi. Ngowe-1945, baba ezibe ziqhekekile, malunga-60% ee-asethi zabo ezisisigxina kutshatyalaliswa. Ngoku ke phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi kuphuhliswa kakhulu. Kwezinye iindawo izinga lokukhula koqoqosho kwadlulwa-avareji yenani amaxesha. imodeli Neoclassical ukukhula, kuquka Solow, ecinga indawo yabo ngurhulumente aphazamiseke izinzile. It sehlile umgangatho imveliso, kodwa ngenxa yokuba izinga yokonga eziphakamileyo GNP (leyo iye yagcinwa ukusuka kwiminyaka edlulileyo), ezi uqoqosho bakwazi ukubonisa izinga emangalisayo yongeniselo. Yaye ekubeni utyalo-mali ophantsi kude igqithe ubukhulu yomhlalaphantsi ekhoyo, yaye ukukhula eliphezulu. Ngapha koko, ekuqaleni nqabile umthamo imveliso, waza waqalisa olusele utyalo-mali. Apha iphenjelelwa kulondolozo kunye notyalo-mali. Abantu abaninzi babhekisela oko kwenzeka Jamani ne-Japan, ummangaliso kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa ukuba ukhangela ngokwembono kwimodeli Solow, bekuya kulindeleka. Kwenzeka into efanayo kwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union emva kokuwa kwalo. Noko ke, asimele sithi yokonga imali, siye ngqo neziphumo ezifanayo.

Nokuba kumazwe aphuhlileyo mihla?

Masithi sibe loqoqosho lwesizwe into a sizinzile. Uqala ukuphuhlisa ngesantya imali kunye noovimba capital HC1 K1. Ke HC1 HC2 uyakhula. Ngenxa yoko, kukho utshintsho jikelele kuqoqosho. Kwaye uya imbuyekezo yezulu lusanda ngokwanda. Capital uya ngokuthe kwandiswa kude, ide ifike imo K2, silinganisa uqoqosho. Kwaye kuya kusebenza ngendlela ezinzileyo, ngelixa ukukhula akuyi kwenzeka kude NC2 NC3. Solow ubonisa ukuba izinga imali - onefuthe engundoqo ukwanda oluzinzileyo kwixabiso ezinkulu. Ezinye izinto ilingana inika uncedo ebalulekileyo phantsi kwempembelelo kwiimarike zehlabathi. Ngapha koko, ngenxa umlinganiselo imali liyenyuka umthamo utyalo-mali, ilandelwe yi kwinqanaba kwemveliso - kunye neengeniso (funda - iimfuno). Ngenxa yoku, kumazwe ukuba abe lengeniso ngomntu ngamnye ezibalulekileyo kunye nezinga eliphezulu weNdlu yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, kukho amazinga aphezulu lokukhula koqoqosho. Kwaye uhlabela mgama ukufikelela urhulumente ngokuthe ngcembe.

ukwanda kwabantu

Vuma - imodeli Keynesian kokukhula kwezoqoqosho, onomdla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye uRobert Solow wakwazi ukwenza ikhadi ophezulu kakhulu ishishini esemgangathweni. Kodwa loo nto bonke. Ngapha koko, kukho ukukhula rhoqo kwezoqoqosho, apho sinako bagcine ehlabathini lonke. Kuba oku kufuneka sibandakanye enye salathisi - ukukhula yabemi. kukuchaphazela njani oko? Masikhumbule:-mali kwandisa nencindi ezinkulu - kunciphisa. Ukukhula kwenani labemi kukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwezimali ezinkulu zomqeshwa ngamnye. Kuyinto enye into - xa umntu kumatshini, yaye omnye - xa yena yedwa kubasebenzi elinesibini. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba ukunika ingcaciso ngqo yaye kutheni kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ngexesha elifanayo kangangokuba abaphuhlisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza (kule meko libhekisela United of Africa, Asia and South America). Yaye ngoxa ukunyuka labemi, izinto ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu ezintsha zenziwe, kwezoqoqosho ukukhula okuzinzileyo - kuba isiphelo.

nezinye

Khumbula, wathembisa ngaphambili ukuqwalasela ezinye izixhobo yezibalo? Kwaye ngoku esiza kuyiqwalasela eyabangumzekelo Harrod-Domar. peculiarity layo ukuba iye yaziswa kuqala oopopayi lunikezelo. Wawusebenza njengeqonga, emva koko, umzekelo Solow iye yaphuhliswa kuwo. peculiarity layo ukuba enye into. Ngoko ke, oko kwakukholelwa ukuba ukukhula kwezoqoqosho iyodwa ngokwaneleyo ukusebenza okuqulethwe eqhelekileyo. Njengenxalenye kwimodeli Harrod-Domar zathathwa ifomula evumela ukubala ebizwa ngokuba amazinga kuqinisekisa ukukhula koqoqosho. Kwimeko naluphi na utyeshelo kwakukholelwa ukuba ityala izizathu lonyuselo. Emva koko, phantsi koxinzelelo ukugxekwa ngenxa ukuvela imodeli ngokhona kucokisekileyo iindawo zale Solow yena kuye ishiywe ngenxa yokuba wayengafezekanga zabo.

isiphelo

Ngoko wajonga kokuphi okwenza umfuziselo. Ngenxa isiseko senkolelo siqonde apho ukuya ukufumana uqoqosho yajika ukuba abe winner - kufuneka ukukhuthaza ukukhula imali.