Labantu Petersburg: ubungakanani, ukwakheka, ukwabiwa,

Enye imizi idumileyo Russian ehlabathini - eSt Petersburg. Yena engaqhelekanga kakhulu. imbali yayo, imozulu, izakhiwo kanye nkqu abantu zahluke kakhulu kwezinye izixeko elizweni. Bangakuxelela ntoni na iimpawu kwabemi kwikomkhulu emantla, oko iindawo uthandwayo abahlali St. Petersburg nendlela zinto yokwenza umsebenzi.

Hlola History

Isixeko kwi Neva wavela umnqweno uPetros Omkhulu, lowo wabona apha emasangweni to Europe. Le yokuhlala lisukela emva May 16, 1703, xa Hare Island ilitye lokuqala elizayo uPetros Paul Fortress wayebekwe khona. Phantsi uPetros isixeko ngenkuthalo yakhiwa, yaye ngowe-1712 saba likomkhulu Russia. Xa Petrine ngexesha Petersburg iba ubuso entsha kwaye asathe gqolo ngoku kunyuka. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 abemi sele upasisiwe 220 amawaka abantu, lo gama i-capital Northern ukudlula eMoscow yamandulo.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18 kunye 19 yaba age yokwenene segolide mzi: ibizwa wakha amabhotwe ezininzi, iicawa, izikolo ezivulekileyo kunye namashishini awahlukeneyo. Konke oku kuye kwamnceda kwinani abemi. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, le zomthonyama St. Petersburg wazibonela iziganeko ezimangalisayo yotshintsho olululo. Yabemi St. Petersburg ngokunxibelelene ukuncipha. Emva 1917, ikomkhulu igama Petrograd, imbubhiso ezayo namaxesha amabi. Ngowe-1918, isixeko ulahlekelwa isimo yayo njengendlela ingqukuva. Kwaye ngo-1924 kwathiwa igama iLeningrad. igama layo yembali, uya kubuya kuphela ngo-1991 emva kokuba lwezimvo phakathi abahlali. Namhlanje, St. Petersburg ukufanele na ubume eyinkunzi ngokwenkcubeko Russia kwaye yenye yezixeko abadumileyo kweli lizwe.

Climate and nendawo

Saint Petersburg ise kwindawo imozulu ifumile yezwekazi. Apha a zasehlotyeni mfutshane ephakathi oluhle yaye ubusika kunokuba mfutshane manzi cool. Ixesha inde - lo mthombo nasehlotyeni. lobushushu ngonyaka Umyinge imalunga 6 degrees. Ebusika, ithemometha iqhutyelwa emva kwemini kwi uphawu thabatha degrees 5-8, ehlotyeni liphuma dibanisa 20. labemi Petersburg uphethwe ukukhanya kwelanga, njengoko kulo nyaka kukho iintsuku ecacileyo malunga-60 kuphela. Kwisixeko imvula ophezulu (malunga 660 mm) yaye ngokuqhelekileyo lisibekele. Ehlotyeni eSt Petersburg, kukho isenzeko ekhethekileyo yendalo - nobusuku ezimhlophe.

Liyanda inani abahlali kunye nezithuthi kukhokelela ekubeni imeko yokusingqongileyo eSt Petersburg elingamncediyo. Umphunga ivalekile iigesi zeemoto, amanzi angcolileyo le Neva amdaka kakubi cleaner. isixeko imvelo luxhomekeke yokubeka esweni kunye nolawulo care.

labantu

Bukela inani labahlali eSt Petersburg yaqala ngo 1764, xa babephila kukho abantu phantse amawaka 150. De-1917, abemi St. Petersburg iye ikhule ngokuthe chu. Ngowe-1891, kwalo inani labantu abazizigidi 1. Ngu ekuqaleni iziganeko olululo 1917, esi sixeko abemi million 2.4. Mdibi kunye nempi yombango eyalandela kunye iMfazwe Yehlabathi kwakhokelela ekubeni isixeko iqale ukuhla.

Ngo-1918 kukho esele ibhalwe ngabantu abazizigidi 1.4, yaye emva ukutshintshwa ikomkhulu eMoscow ngowe-1919, sele abantu 900 000. Ukususela ngo-1921, ixesha uzinzo isalamane ngokwedemografi, esi sixeko enyuka kancinci. Ngu ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ezinkulu North kaThixo likhaya phantse zizigidi 3 St Petersburg. Ngexesha lemfazwe, abahlali St Petersburg kweli yaye kuvalwe, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni nelahleko enkulu yobomi. Ngowe-1945, abantu 927 kusala apha. Emva kwemfazwe, abantu bendawo ngokuthe ngcembe kokubuya ngobungxamo, abahlali abatsha ziyaqala eLeningrad.

Ekupheleni kwale 50 apha abhalwe sele abemi ezintathu sesigidi. Kunye ekuqaleni perestroika, ikomkhulu yenkcubeko uqala ukudibana nemingeni ebalulekileyo ngokwedemografi, iwela izinga wokuzalwa, lokufa luyakhula. Ukuba ngo-1991 kwakukho abemi 5.000.000, sele ngo-2008 oko 4.5 million. Imeko evela kubasebenzi zokuhlangula kwintlekele njengoko ukukhula zendalo yabemi eminyaka kuhlala negative. Ukususela ngo-2010, iqala le meko ukuphucula kancinane. 2016 e St. Petersburg, kukho izigidi 5.22 abahlali.

KwiziThili kunye nokwabiwa lwabantu

St. Petersburg yahlulwe kwizithili yolawulo-18. Le ezanda lo kwisithili Primorsky, oko nayo inkulu, ilikhaya kubantu phantse 550.000. kwiindawo ezininzi St. Petersburg isiba ngokuthe yindawo eyendawo lwabahambi zoshishino kunye nokuzonwabisa. Central, Admiralty kunye Vasileostrovskiy County kubonisa ukuhla isitali inani zabemi.

nezibalo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, St. Petersburg mzi yesibini inkulu eRashiya, yesithathu eYurophu yaye isixeko esikhulu elingasemntla ehlabathini. Kulo mzekelo sixeko kukho ezininzi iingxaki zezibalo. I sinamazinga ukuzalwa ngexesha kwaye yabafumana ukufa. Ukwanda kweminyaka yokuphila nezinga eliphantsi ukuzalwa kukhokelela ekubeni qha ukwaluphala Petersburg nomthwalo demographic kwi abahlali abasebenzayo uyakhula. ukwanda kwabantu ukubonelela abasebenzi abo bathanda ukusebenza eSt Petersburg umgangatho ngokwanelisayo ophezulu wokuphila.

Kuqoqosho nakwimisebenzi

I-capital wasentla utsala abafuduki kunye nabahlali kwindawo yokuqala ithuba ukufumana umsebenzi. Esi sixeko kwelinye lamaziko ezoqoqosho inkulu eli lizwe, kukho iinkampani ezininzi yokusebenza mveliso, amashishini, iinkonzo. Ngoko ke, kwiindawo ezininzi St. Petersburg wajika waya kummandla woshishino ngenene, kodwa inika amathuba engqesho. Ngqesho isixeko busisigxina 1.5%, lo gama kukho kusoloko kukho iqela elikhulu imisebenzi, ngakumbi ngeli lixa ihlayo eyabangenazakhono kunye nabasebenzi. Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi eSt Petersburg apho, kodwa abahlali musa ndiyayithanda.