Imvelaphi Social womntu kwaye intsalela umdla wamaqela lwezentlalo nophuhliso lwentlalo

Zendalo nezenkcubeko ubukho bomntu kwenzeka kuphela kwinkqubo loluntu. Le yokugqibela i yonke wayalela, kuquka zombini abantu kunye namaqela asekuhlaleni idibene uxhulumaniso ezahlukeneyo kunye nobudlelwane. Lenye i loo iqela basibiza bendiqonda imvelaphi lwentlalo. Ukongeza, umntu xa ezahlukeneyo iimeko zentlalo, eziphathekayo, ezopolitiko kunye yokomoya bobukho bayo, ukwakheka kunye nomsebenzi, nto leyo edla ngokuba nommandla ongqongileyo kwezentlalo.

Inkqubo zokunxibelelana nemithetho zayo ngqo phantsi esebenza kuwo abaphuhlise. Isiseko le mithetho kwi intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu. Buber ecetywayo bayibiza ngokuba impefumlelwano "Mna-ke", maks Veber wayekholelwa ukuba wakha zonke nobudlelwane kwezentlalo, Pitirim Sorokin kunye Yudzhin Habermas kwakuthe kwafunyanwa kuyo le ngcamango yonxibelelwano. Dzhon Mill wayecinga ukuba mvelaphi loluntu idlala indima kule intsebenziswano, kuba, njengoko umthetho, kufuneka ukujongana nezenzo kunye neminqweno yabantu akwi kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo.

Elements of inkqubo loluntu amaqhina oqhagamshelwano yi kwesixokelelwano odolwa kwaye uzinzile ndisezintanjeni ngenxa yeendaba ebizwa uluntu. Oku kubangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo - eli candelo zabasebenzi, kunye nezentlalo imvelaphi yabantu akwi kumaqela ahlukeneyo kunye iiklasi, nokulwa izilangazelelo zabo. Amaqela Own zentlalo - eluntwini izinzile abantu kunye izinto ezifanayo, iminqweno, imilinganiselo, kunye nemigaqo yokuziphatha nokwakha kwisithuba esithile kwisigaba yembali yophuhliso yoluntu. Umzekelo, e-Indiya yakudala, amaqela anjalo Varna. Nangokodidi ekuhlaleni kuluntu, ezisekelwe phezu ukwahlulwa efanayo, wakhonza singangumzekelo Plato, ngubani ukudunyiswa naye njengencoko yababini bakhe "Imithetho" yaye "On karhulumente."

Intanda-karhulumente, leyo kuqala Wavakalisa ichazwe ngokucacileyo amaqela asekuhlaleni, bobabo kuTomas Hobbes. Xa umsebenzi wakhe "iLeviyatan", wathi ukuba uluntu sakhiwa inani elithile labantu, umanyaniswe izinto ezifanayo okanye ishishini. It abelwe odolwa kwaye iqela unordered, kwakunye ngokunxulumana wangasese okanye ezopolitiko.

The Great French Revolution nemiphumo yayo kwanyanzeleka zobulumko uhlaziye indima amaqela okanye iiklasi kwinkqubo zembali. Uninzi mbali IsiNgesi - ababephila ezo ziganeko - ingqalelo amayelenqe revolution kunye babhukuqwa, kuphazamisa eliqhelekileyo lweziganeko. Hegel ngokoqobo ihlombe revolution, esithi ukuba ikhupha akukho mntu eziphathekayo kunye abstract kwaye kunceda ukwakha uluntu ngokubanzi.

Lo mlinganiswa jikelele zeziganeko zembali, kuthwelwe kumacandelo karhulumente, abantu kunye nemithetho ethile ukuze ude uthinjwe ngumfazi mbali yaseYurophu kunye zobulumko zenkulungwane XIX, bonke waqala ukuphelelwa ngumdla kwiziganeko ngamnye. umoya kazwelonke, umzabalazo iklasi, ezesizwe okanye ezentlalo lwabantu kunye nemiyalezo eyenza kwamaqela amakhulu ubudlelwane uluntu lube isihloko eziphambili mpikiswano bulumko. Sibi yaba umbuzo wokuba yintoni iikhrayitheriya kumisela abangabakhe amaqela asekuhlaleni. Ukuba IsiNgesi Osoqoqosho ingqalelo imiqathango enjalo lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, Marx - ubudlelwane impahla bezinto zokuvelisa, Gumplowicz - zebhayoloji kunye nobuhlanga, Cooley - usapho kunye clan, njalo-njalo.

Isakhiwo yanamhlanje bulumko loluntu kuquka ingcamango kwamaqela asekuhlaleni kunye neeklasi, kodwa intsingiselo eyahlukileyo. Okokuqala, oko ingcamango "medium" "udidi olutsha embindini" (Kroner, uAron, Myers), kwaye "ezithile ngokwezinga" (Sorokin). Le ngcamango yamva uchaza iimo kunye nendlela yokugweba ye- ezithile ngokwezinga yoluntu ibe ngamaqela, ezifana ingqesho, ingeniso, imfundo, ngezengqondo, iinkolelo njalo njalo.

Noko ke, striations ezi simbi ngaphezu amaqela eqhelekileyo kunye neeklasi kuba zenza ukuba abantu bangazinzi kwindawo abakuzo nkqo nethe tyaba njengoko phakathi kwamaqela phakathi kwabo. Maks Veber ichonge izinto ezibalulekileyo wesiseko iyaxela njengoko udumo yezentlalo iingcinga ezithi zibe njenge ikhowudi yokuziphatha kunye nenkangeleko, ngokunjalo iwonga, sigqibe iindima ezithile zentlalo.