Imyuziyam yoLondolozo lweLeningrad: sigcina imbali kwizizukulwana ezizayo

Ubungqina obuninzi bexesha elibi lokungqingwa kwesi sixeko kunye neenqwelo ezikhuseleyo zokukhululwa kweLeningrad namhlanje zimelelwe kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zezikhumbuzo. Kodwa indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwemiboniso engalibalekiyo yayihlala ihlala kwiMyuziyam yoLondolozo lweLeningrad. Kutholakala kwingingqi yeSt. Petersburg, kwiSolyan Lane, ngenxa yobukho bayo bonke, uye wabamba amawaka eendwendwe.

Izikhokelo zokuqhuba amaqela kwiiholo, ukuthetha ngazo zonke izigaba zokukhusela nokukhululwa kweLeningrad, isibindi sabemi bayo kwiimeko zendlala nokufa.

Idolophu yaseTyuwa - isikhungo semfundo saseLeningrad

I-Quarter Iidolophu zetyuwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX zaziwa kubo bonke abaPetersburger njengeziko lezemfundo kunye neziko lemfundo. Apha, kwizakhiwo zemyuziyam ezininzi, imiboniso yeempumelelo kwi-teknoloji kunye nemveliso yayiqhutywe rhoqo. Ngenkulungwane ye-20, ubuninzi bezolimo, ezobugcisa, ezobugcisa, iimyuziyamu zezempi kunye neRussia Technical Society sele sele isebenza kumboniso obanzi, apho i-Leningrad yoLondolozo lwaManzi namhlanje. Ngoko ke, umbuzo malunga nendawo yombukiso wokuqala, ozinikele ekukhuseleni iLeningrad, awunakuxutyushwa.

Umboniso wokuqala kwiminyaka yemfazwe

NgoDisemba 1943, xa inyanga yonke ihleli kude kube yinqaliwe ngokupheleleyo, inkokheli yeLeningrad Front yanquma ukulungiselela nokuvulwa komboniso othi "IHeroic Defence of Leningrad". Indawo yendibano yamiselwa yiDolophu yaseTransti edumile. Umkhosi wokuvula umkhosi wenziwa ekupheleni kuka-Epreli 1944.

Umlinganiselo womboniso wawunzima kangangokuthi abaququzeleli babefanele basebenzise iiholo zezakhiwo ezintathu ezidibeneyo ezisekukhoneni kwe-Fontanka, ul. Gangutskaya kunye noSolyany Lane.

Umsebenzi wobugcisa kunye nabaqulunqi, abakwazi ukubonisa ngokucacileyo nangokuthembeka zonke izigaba zokukhuselwa nokukhululwa kweLeningrad, banikezelwa ngamagosa karhulumente kwiimeko zemfazwe. Impumelelo yomboniso yayimangalisa nje. Kwiinyanga ezi-6 zokuqala zomboniso, abantu abangaphezu kwama-200 bawubona umboniso: abantwana besikolo, abasebenzi befrikansi, iifeksi, i-servicemen kunye nabo bonke ababuya e-evacuation.

Isixeko sithole i-museum entsha

Ngomhla wokubhiyozelwa kweso sibini sokukhumbula ukukhutshwa kwelokhu, iJanuwari 1946, umboniso ufumene isimo esisemthethweni kunye negama loLondolozo loLondolozo lweLeningrad. Iifoto, imizobo yamagosa, izixhobo kunye nomfaniswano wamajoni, izinto zobomi basemkhosini kunye nobungqina obubi bokuphila komzi olambileyo kunye nomsebenzi wokuhlanjululwa kwama-fascists yi-documentary, eyiyo kwaye iyinyaniso. Iindibano zahlula ngezihloko: iimfazwe kwimida, ibali elithi "Indlela yoBomi," ukuphumelela okuqhelekileyo kokukhutshwa, abasebenzi abangenaluthando ngabasebenzi basefrijini, imigangatho yokutya yabantu basezidolophini. Amanqaku amaninzi adluliselwa kumyuziyamu ngexesha lemfazwe ngabemi baseLeningrad, kodwa ukuboniswa kwazaliswa ngexesha lokuthula. Emva kwemfazwe, abathathi-nxaxheba abasemagqabini aseLeningrad bashiya amanqaku kwincwadi yeendwendwe zemyuziyam, apho bawashiya amazwi okubulela ukunyaniseka nokukhumbula ezo ntsuku ezibuhlungu.

Imbali yemyuziyam kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe

Imyuziyam yoKhuseleko yaseLeningrad yafumana izibonakaliso ezimbalwa kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, ngowe-1953, ngexesha lokuhlaziywa kweenkcukacha ezininzi zemikhosi kunye nokuziphindaphinda kwezopolitiko kwiinkokeli zeendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo, imyuziyamu yavalwa kwaye imali yayo idluliselwa kwiMbali yoLondolozo lweMbali yeLeningrad.

Iqhinga lokuvuselela iimyuziyam lalingabokuzingqingwa kunye namaqhawe emfazwe, awasinda kwixesha elibuhlungu lokukhusela kwaye wakhumbula i-Leningrad Defect Museum. Le ngcamango yaxhaswa ngokubanzi ngamajelo, kwaye ngoSeptemba 1989 imbali yememori yeLeningraders yafumana ubomi obutsha. Ngoku iimyuziyam zijongene nomsebenzi omtsha-ukubuya kweebhite kunye nemiboniso. Ngo-1995, ukubonakaliswa kokusisigxina kwangaphambili kwavuleka kwakhona, kwakhona kwadibanisa izitifiketi zempi ezahlukileyo kwaye kwafumana isimo seMyuziyam yoKhuseleko kunye nokukhutshwa kweLeningrad.

Kodwa isikwere samhlanje semyuziyam sincinci ukuya kwiiholo zokuchazwa kweminyaka emva kwemfazwe. Kwimitha yeekwere ezingama-40,000. M. Umboniso ngoku ubuyele ngaphaya kwewaka. Ukusebenza ngokubuyiselwa kwemiboniso kunye neengxelo zokugcina iingxelo ziqhutyelwa ngokuqhubekayo, kunye nemiboniso emininzi, kanye "ekufudlulelweni" kwezinye iimyuziyam, buyela eSt. Petersburg. Iimyuziyam zoMngqonge waseLeningrad zisalinde isisombululo seengxaki zokwandisa indawo yokubonisa.

Masilondoloze imemori yomlando

Ukuqhubela phambili kwezizukulwana kwintambo elandelelanayo ekukhunjweni kweso sixeko esinzima ngexesha lemfazwe namhlanje kuxhomekeke ngqo ekubonakalisweni kweempahla. Abantu abancinci, abazalwa ngexesha lokuthula, abangazange babone iimbandezelo zokulwa negazi kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokulahla, akufanele nje bazi izifundo zembali, kodwa babone ubungqina bombhalo wexesha lokulwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izakhiwo zezikhumbuzo ezitsha zavulwa kwaye zahlaziywa, iziboniso ezibonisa umxholo wokukhuselwa kunye nokukhululwa kwesixeko esiyingqungquthela. I-museum-diorama "Ukuphulukiswa koKhuselo lweLeningrad", evuliwe ngo-1990 kwisixeko saseKrov, isayithi sokuqhutyelwa kwinqwelo yokukhusela, inxalenye yenkqantosi enkulu yesikhumbuzo esinikezelwa kubalandeli bakaLeningrad.

Inqaba enkulu yepanoramic ibonisa esinye seziqendu eziphambili zokukhululwa komzi: ukuthunjwa kweShlisselburg kunye nokuwela kwe-Neva. Ukubukeka kobugcisa bemfazwe kuyamangalisa!

Iminyaka ibambezelekile ukuba iMeyi idlule intsuku, kwaye iinqanaba leentshaba ziba ngaphantsi. "Ibhola elingapheliyo" kufuneka liphile, kwaye ngaphambi kwesizukulwana sethu kukho umsebenzi ongenakukhunjulwa - ukudlulisela imemori yeminyaka ebomvu kubantwana babo nabazukulu.