Otaku - ngubani na

Igama elithi "otaku" linentsingiselo ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kubani oyisebenzisayo nalapho. EJapan, ithetha enye into, eMelika okanye eRashiya-into ehlukileyo kakhulu. Ukongeza, emva kwexesha, iingcamango zitshintshile - kwaye ziqhubeka ukutshintsha.

Imbali kunye nemvelaphi

Kuze kube ngama-1980, i-otaku yayihlobo lwenkqubo ehloniphekileyo ngolwimi lwaseJapan, njenge--ama, -kun okanye -senpai. Eli gama laliqhelekileyo lisetyenziswe njengesigama sesibini kubantu, ngale ndlela, umzekelo, yayisetyenziswa yi-heroine ye-anime "Macros", eyaqala ukuvela kwiikrini ngowe-1982.

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, ke, igama elithi "otaku" liyigama eliqhelekileyo kwisiJapane, lithetha intsingiselo eyahlukeneyo:

• Umntu onqwenela kakhulu nantoni na - into yokuzilibazisa ingaba nayiphi na into, kwi-manga kunye ne-anime kwimidlalo kunye nokuqokelela;
• Indoda inqwenela kwi-anime okanye manga;
• Kukho imeko yesithathu-ngenxa yokudideka phakathi kweengcamango ze-otaku kunye ne-hikikomori.

Ngoko, otaku - ngubani lo? Ngomxholo wanamhlanje, eli gama laqala ukusetyenziswa kwiminyaka yee-1980, kwimisebenzi ye-humorist nomlobi uAkio Nakamori. Ngowe-1983, wapapasha kumagazini we-Manga Burikko umjikelo "Study" otaku ", apho wasebenzisa eli gama ngokubhekiselele kubalandeli.

Ngexesha elifanayo, i-cartoonists uHarhiko Mikimoto no-Shouji Kawamori basebenzisa igama ekunxibelelaneni nomnye njengendlela yokwenza imbeko entle (sonke isigama somntu siqu 2), ukususela ekupheleni kwee-1970.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngaba abanye abameli be-subculture (ngoxa abanye bebambisana nabo), kwaye ngenxa yoko uKamamori wakhetha yena (esi sizathu sakhankanywa nguMorikawa Kaichiro, uchaza imvelaphi yekota).

Ingqungquthela yesibini yemvelaphi yembono yinto yesayensi yezinto eziyimfundiso ye-Motoko Arai, owasebenzisa -otaku njengendlela ehloniphekileyo yonyango, kwaye ngenxa yoko abafundi bawuthatha lo mkhuba.

IJapan yangoku

Ngama-1990, umbala ombi weli gama wagqitywa, kwaye igama elithi otaku lasetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo apho. Ngubani lo ngoku? Inkcazo iye yacaca ngokucacileyo - "umtsalane wento", umculi onomdla onomlutha kakhulu kwimeko ethile. Ngoku le ngcamango ibhekisela kubalandeli bantoni na, iphinda ixhamle kunye no-Akihabara kunye nefashoni ye "nyashnost."

Isichazamazwi saseJapane sinikeza olunye ukutolika kweli gama: ngokutsho kwakhe, "otaku" yayisetyenziswe ekuqaleni kwi-80s kwisangqa sabahlobo, esichaza umntu olwaziswa kakhulu kwimiba ethile.

EJapan, eli gama linokulinganiswa kwiingcamango ezinjenge "fan", "ingcali", "umphandi" okanye "ukukhangela". Yonke le migaqo ibonisa izinga elithile lolwazi kunye nomdla.

Uwuphi umehluko? Liliphi igama elona lifanelekileyo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezijongwa njengesiqhelo kuluntu kunye nento engekho.

Umvubukuli, onqwenela ukukhangela izixeko zakudala, okanye uDkt. Alan Grant kwi-movie ethi "Jurassic Park" ke ngoko ixutyushwa, ngoko ke, abaphandi. Babonakala bekhangele uluntu. Kwaye umntu onjengoProfesa Brown ukusuka "Emuva kwixesha elizayo" uya kuthiwa yi-otaku-ithetha ukuba umdlalo wakhe, umatshini wexesha, awufanelanga "kwisiqhelo".

EU.SA

Zonke ezi ngxaki zentlalo yaseJapan zibonwa ngendlela ehluke ngokupheleleyo eNtshona. Abantu base-States babeka intsingiselo ehlukileyo kwikota otaku. Ngubani olapha-unokuthiwa ngokungathandabuzekiyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo: indoda, inomdla kwi-anime kunye ne-mangas. Iifoto zentetho yaseJapane ngokwabo ayinanto nxamnye nayo - ngaphandle kweJapan eli gama alikho inqaku elibi.

Yintoni i-otaku yanamhlanje ifana

Abahlali bamazwe aseNtshona akukholelwa ukuba umshicileli we-anime ulungile. Ngokuchasene noko. Lapha i-otaku idla ngokuba ngumntu "obone konke". "Ukuhamba i-Encyclopedia" ye-anime okanye yama-manga (kwaye akunandaba nokuba umntu ukhangele enye okanye uhlobo oluthile), unokukwazi ukucebisa ukuba ujonge ntoni, ngokusekelwe kwiminqweno yombuzo.

Njengomphumo wokuzilibazisa kwakhe, uyaba ngumcebisi kwiintlobo ze-anime, kwaye uyazi kwaye uyayilinda okanye afunde emininzi yemisebenzi ethandwayo-okokugqibela okubonakalayo ku-otaku. Ngubani lo okusukela kwindawo yokujonga uluntu - ngokufanayo: ngokuphumelela okufanayo kungaba ngumntwana wesikolo, umsebenzi we-ofisi okanye umdlali.

Ukongezelela, i-otaku, ngaphandle kokufunda nantoni na ngokukodwa, inengcamango yenkcubeko yaseJapan kunye nefashoni, zombini kunye neengaphambili zangaphambili, kwaye uyakwazi namagama ambalwa ngolwimi lweLizwe lokuPhuma kwelanga.

Kule meko, ukubonakala, imikhwa, isantya sokucwiliswa kwento yokuzonwabisa kunokuhluka kakhulu. Ezinye i-otaku ziqokelela iqoqo leediski kunye neengqungquthela, imifanekiso yamaqhawe abathandayo, rhoqo ukutyelela iintlanganiso kunye nabantu abanjengabantu abanomdla, badlala i-cosplay kwaye bazi i-famousyuyu edumeleyo kunye nabalobi be-mangak.

Abanye bayakwazi ukubukela i-anime yesiqendu sama-25 (malunga neeyure ezingama-6 kumqolo) ngaphandle kokuyeka. Kanti abanye baya kwiikhosi zezifundo zaseJapan ukuze bakwazi ukufunda ama-manga kwintsusa.

Phakathi kwabaxhamli be-anime kukho abalobi abanetalente abadala amabali anomdla kakhulu - phakathi kwabo uSergey Kim, uKonstantin Hrabrykh, uCoviello, kunye noTal Sash, otaku Felix. I-Samizdat kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwaba bantu kunye nabanye abalobi bakha abantu abangaphantsi kwe-anime ngokwabo.

Ukwabiwa kweJapan otaku

I-Nuclear Research Institute (NRI) iqhube izifundo ezimbini ezinzulu, ngowokuqala ngo-2004 kwaye ngowesibili ngo-2005. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu zakwazi ukuchonga iindawo ezili-12 eziphambili zentlalo:

• Kwiqela elikhulu kunazo zonke, amawaka angama-350 ama-otaku - manga;
• Phantse ama-280 lamawaka babengabalandeli bezithixo kunye nabadumileyo;
• Amawaka angamakhulu ama-250 ayenomdla wokuzonwabisa;
• Izigidi ezingama-190 - abalandeli bekhompyutha;
• Amawaka angama-160 ayedalwe kwimidlalo yevidiyo;
• Amawaka ama-140 - ngeemoto;
• 110 i-anime.

Ezinye iintlobo ezintlanu zibandakanya izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zomsindo kunye nevidiyo, abalandeli beekhamera, iifashini kunye neetreni.

Ukuba ukhangele ngqo kwiifomu ze-anime, unokhetha elinye iqela elincomekayo-hentayschikov.

Phakathi kweentlobo zeentetho zaseJapane yintoni enye iphela yesizwe ekwazi ukubiza iifoto zoonografi - kodwa kwiLizwe loKhuphuka kwelanga, isimo sengqondo sombuzo siyahluke. Ngenxa yoko, kukho iqela elithile le-otaku. I-Hentai yinto enomdla kunye nokuzonwabisa kwabo bantu.

Izilwanyana zase-otaku

I-Anime ayikho nje isigxina kubantu abaqhelekileyo - phakathi kootywala nabo banamalungu alolu hlobo. Phakathi kwabo ngumculi waseJapan obizwa ngokuba nguSeko Nakagawa (ngokuzibiza ngokuzibiza ngokuthi "manga" ne-anime otaku), umculi nomdlali we-actress Mari Yaguchi, abadlali be-Toshiki Kasi, uNatsuki Kato kunye nomdlali wezithombe kunye nomfanekiso wesithombe uTyaka Kuriyama.

Uthando kunye ne-samizdat

Xa kukho ubuchule, kukho ukutshatyalaliswa-kusebenza ngokulinganayo malunga neenveli zeNtshona okanye ii-serials, kunye ne-anime kunye nama-manga. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, zityhala kwi-samizdat. Otaku udala imisebenzi yabo, ngohlobo lwemidwebo, amabali okanye iincwadi, kwaye baninzi babashicilela kwi-Intanethi okanye kwiimpapasho ezizodwa ngeendleko zabo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ngenxa yolu hlobo lwentsebenzo-ntombazana "inkwenkwezi" entsha ivela - kwaye isangqa siqala kwintsha: ukukhwabanisa ngoku kudalwe ngokwemisebenzi yombhali omthandayo.

I-Samizdat otaku ithandwa, ngakumbi phakathi kwabalandeli bemisebenzi yokuqala. Iimbali ezenzekayo - umxholo oyintloko - umntu onobunzima kwilizwe le-anime okanye umthombo wamanga, okanye umbhali uzisa i-GG entsha kwihlabathi elifanayo, okanye umbhali uthatha abalinganiswa abasemsebenzini ukusuka ekuqaleni, ibali liyashintsha ngokuthanda kwakho.

Kwi "rusuku" yaseRashiya ye-fikrayyrov (inani elikhulu kunazo zonke elitholakala kwi-lib.ru) kakhulu i-fanfanshena kwi-anime. Ngokutsho "kweencwadi zaseJapan", azininzi kubhala, phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, uFeliksi, owaziwayo kule mijikelezo, imisebenzi yakhe ifaka imisebenzi kwihlabathi "Blich" kunye ne "Sekirei".

Kwimiba yokulungiswa kwentlalo

I-anime eyaziwayo kakhulu, eyayichukumisa ukubonakala kwemashumi kunye namakhulu ama-fanfics- "Naruto", "Bleach", "Evangelion", "I-Code Geass", "uShaman King", "Yinye into". Kuluhlu olufanayo, ungongeza kunye ne "Butler Dark", "Death Note", "I-Steel Alchemist", "Knight Vampire". U-Feku okhankanywe ngentla apha, umzekelo, wabhala amaninzi athile phakathi kwamalandeli fanficshen esebenza kwihlabathi "iBleach" - "Captain" kunye nomjikelezo "Ungenanto".

EJapan ngokwayo, ukuba ngumama (umlobi we-mangas) kuthetha ukuba ngumsebenzi ohloniphekileyo, kwaye kuxhomekeke kumvakalisi okanye udumo, ukufumana intlawulo efanelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza xa umbhali eqala ukufumana intlawulo yomsebenzi wakhe, uyayeka ukuba ngumtsalane. Nangona kunjalo, i-otaku ayipheli. UFeliksi, i-samizdat yaloo ntanethi imelwe yimisebenzi emihle kakhulu, ayikazanga ukuwela lo mgca. Kodwa, umzekelo, u-Nadezhda Kuzmina (umbhali womjikelo malunga ne-empress ye-dragons kunye ne "Timirdis") sele eshicilele iincwadi zakhe njengombhali oyingcali.