Indlela ukukhetha nempompo inwebu: amacebo kunye nohlaziyo. Types of iimpompo uvalo

Iimpompo - it ihlanganisa, ezo zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa mveliso ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye ekucombululeni iingxaki ezithile ekhaya. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi olu hlobo kwezixhobo. Phakathi ethandwa kwaye aluncedo ukusebenzisa - uvalo iimpompo. yokuthandwa kwayo lukhula eRashiya. Ziziphi iimpawu yabo? Yintoni iingenelo kweempompo abanjalo na? Yintoni ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ekuhambeni umsebenzi wabo?

wenza njani impompo

Ngokutsho kwimpompo uvalo usebenza ntoni umgaqo? Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo. Le fowuni iquka nemingxuma ezimbini ibekwe elinye nelinye. Bona ezahlulwe sisithuba inwebu - nebonelela kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye isitya olomeleleyo. Enye egumbini uzaliswe ngumoya, omnye - ulwelo. Phakathi kwabo, nto, nto zokusasaza aye kwi uvalo ukuze isiwe emva naphambili kunye namandla awo encinane.

Ngenxa lweHo- omnye zashiya umthamo bolwelo, yaye kwelinye - ako. Xa inwebu uphethe isikhundla esahlukileyo - le into ihamba-moya oxwesileyo - enkosi kuyilo eyodwa yeyunithi lwezivalo. Ngoko impompo uvalo isebenza kwi ukubana kweziyobisi umgaqo - njengokuba, eneneni, kunye nezixhobo piston-hlobo. Kodwa yokugqibela, njengokuba umthetho, akukho iindawo neemeko ezifana ngena kwiseli. unit Scheme mveliso iqinisekisa uzinzo ophezulu ifowuni.

Ngenxa yale yoyilo, egumbini pump uvalo Oku akangcolanga. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo kwezixhobo kwisenzo ngokuthembekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza ngokoqobo ngaphezu Buyisela oluqhelekileyo. Eyona ndlela ibhetele ukumelana uvalo iimpompo ulwelo zokumpompa amanzi kunye nobuninzi ephakamileyo viscosity, ngokunjalo ukumiswa.

izinto zokwakha

impompo uvalo, yenziwe irabha okanye yodidi bhetyebhetye eliphezulu-amandla. Ngenxa yoko, esi sixhobo yenziwe ngezinto ukumelana umhlwa neekhemikhali (ukuba azithathele ehambelana ingakumbi ukuzibandakanya kwabo). Ulwelo feed okanye oluludaka ukuya umbhobho, elithanda wenza iirubber okanye PVC.

Izinto eziluncedo ze iimpompo uvalo

Impompo uvalo zinezibonelelo ezininzi. Okokuqala, lo lula ezizodwa lokubulawa (ezininzi Ukusetyenziswa technology). Njengomgaqo, enikelweyo ejikelezayo nxalenye Motors ngeeyunithi yalo hlobo. Iindlela ezibangela iimpompo kwisenzeko, musa kwenza izixhobo ubuchwepheshe ephucukileyo. Njengomgaqo, iimpompo uvalo mihla - uyilo ngokufanelekileyo elula yombane, kunye nenkqubo womoya, ukuba ngesandla ukuvula. Okwesibini, le iiyunithi zisebenza kunye namathuba ubuncinane ukungaphumeleli - enyanisweni, siyipropati wabo ngenxa nje kuyilo enye elula. Impompo uvalo - isixhobo ukuba ziya kubakho ixesha elide. Okwesithathu, ezi zixhobo kulula ukufaka kunye nofakelo, hayi befuna kwiimeko zokugcina kunye nezithuthi. Ubushushu, ukufuma kunye nezinye iimeko zokusingqongileyo zingakuchaphazeli ukusebenza kwimpompo.

ukusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe

Units ngawo, zahlukile. Phakathi ixhaphakileyo - ukumpompa umoya. Indibano inwebu le hlobo isebenza ngaphandle motor drive, uhlobo olwahlukileyo zidlulisele ezimbaxa kunye nezinto ukubonisa. Oku kulula kakhulu ngokubhekiselele zokuhamba. Phakathi kwezinye izinto eziphawulekayo - akukho ubushushu appreciable kunye yengxinano, nto leyo kwezinye iimeko kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa isixhobo phantsi kwamanzi. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kukho iimpompo uvalo kunye electric drive. Kwakhona eziqhelekileyo emhlabeni (kokuba yimidlalo eletrosistem ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo eRashiya), umsebenzi omkhulu, ixabiso elifanelekileyo. Kukho kwakhona Impompo siqhutywe hydraulic drive.

Ngenxa yoko, isibaluli malunga nokuhlelwa kwezixhobo - uhlobo lwemoto ngayo. Ngokubanzi, umgaqo kwefowuni ngohlobo ngalunye olufanayo: i inwebu (okanye, njengoko kuthiwa, uvalo) uzimisele phantsi kweempembelelo injini ngomatshini, umoya (kwimeko actuator womoya) okanye amanzi (kusetyenziswa inkqubo ngamanzi), ngaloo ndlela sivumele intshukumo feed izinto. Kwezinye yoyilo iimpompo ezimbini inwebu sibonelelwe. Xa mpembelelo omnye zixinaniswe umoya, ebangela ukuba ukugoba ekukhuthazeni into esetyenziswayo ivelufa iplagi. Ngaxeshanye, isabelo apho inwebu yesibini, emoyeni, apho ngenxa kwemithetho zemvelo kweziyobisi ithathe. Kwaye ke nayo yonke into eyenziwa actuator. imifinya ezimbini kulo mzekelo inxulumanisa shaft ngoomatshini. Kwakhona kwemithambo umoya lokumpompa into ebandakanyekayo, ezisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. sokufunxa (xa yokuqala inwebu ukuxutywa umoya ukusuka eludongeni) kunye zokumpompa (xa uvalo yesibini adlulisele pnevmopotoka uxinzelelo fluid ukuba nako ukukhwela emzimbeni, ngokwenjenjalo linike intshukumo ye ingxam lo walivala ithende) - Ngoko ke, iinkqubo ezimbini zisenzeka impompo. Iimpawu uxinzelelo phezu kodonga elingasemva inwebu leyo uvelisa ulwelo nalowo ukwakweli isabelo igalelo, ngaloo ndlela, lingana ne. unit ekuthethwa kuyo, lelinye igama - "pump cleaner". Isixhobo uvalo xa zikhoyo nakulo lonke usebenzise isixhobo zobugcisa. Isizathu sokuba loo - alula kunye ngaxeshanye, kahle eliphezulu. Njengoko kwimibhobho yeempompo uvalo kabini - ithambekele ukuyilandela.

Iinqobo kweempompo ukusebenza

Ngenxa kweekhrayitheriya oko iimpompo uhlobo uvalo eziqikelelwa kwi inkalo ngempumelelo kunye nomgangatho womsebenzi? Iingcali emajukujukwini elandelayo parameters.

Okokuqala, impompo uvalo womoya (okanye lowo lixhotyiswe i electric drive) kufuneka isebenze kakuhle ngaphandle ezifuna ukulungiswa, uqwalaselo ezongezelelweyo, ukusifaka kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezifuna iindleko zamalungiselelo.

Okwesibini, iiyunithi le hlobo kufuneka indalo. Enyanisweni, lo njengenqobo kwenziwe kwimeko ezininzi imifuziselo mihla kweempompo uvalo. Hayi izixhobo ezininzi kangaka ukusebenza, umzekelo, ipetroli okanye igesi.

Okwesithathu, kungakuhle ukuba kwakukho usigcine kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa inkqubo yolawulo cruise kwaye wondla izixa izinto. Oko kukuthi, impompo kufuneka basebenze kuphela "kwi" ixesha "off". Kufuneka kube lula ukulungisa amandla ofunxayo kwi uhlobo eziphathekayo imisebenzi emsebenzini.

Okwesine, impompo iya kuyilwa ukuba kuthe ukungena izinto eziqinileyo kunye nemingxuma loo nto ikhokelele umonakalo kwisixhobo okanye umonakalo wayo.

Kwakhona, ezinye iingcali zobugcisa bakholelwa kubalulekile phambi kwinkqubo yokhuselo of iimpompo kwesidingo (kwimeko iiyunithi kwi drive), kwakunye uqoqosho - malunga uhlobo olufanayo izixhobo.

scope

Kukho iindidi ezininzi izixhobo ngawo. Kukho kovalo wekhadi pump, manual emoyeni - kunye bonke bephela sele isetyenziswe ngempumelelo ezahlukeneyo mveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le mveliso - oyile negesi, ukutya, ipeyinti ivanishi. iikhemikhali kunye nokwakhiwa. izixhobo ngcembe accustom kunye nabantu - kwezolimo, umzekelo. Yibani izixhobo zithandwa efinyeziweyo. Ngokukodwa, abanye babo kutya umbane omncinane kakhulu (nakuba oku, ezandleni umsebenzisi uya kugqiba pump uvalo) - 12 volts. Olu hlobo izixhobo badla isetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kweenkqubo zokunkcenkceshela okanye amanzi amancinci yi abakhenkethi. Izimvo abanini kwezitiya luphawulwa uvalo encinane zasekhaya iimpompo kuphela icala oluhle.

Ukumpompa le ndlela, ingakumbi ezo naphaya ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kushishino, njani iindidi kwezinto - amanzi, ulwelo kunye ezixineneyo ephakamileyo viscosity, kwakunye naleyo ukuvumela inclusions eziqinileyo (ngokuxhomekeke kwisixhobo iinguqulelo kancinane ubungakanani elivumelekileyo zokhahlamba evela milimitha ukuba sentimitha ezininzi). Ezinye iimodeli ukuba aguqulelwe zokumpompa imichiza silwe.

iimpompo nomthamo

Kukho sub-uhlobo phantsi iiyunithi ingqalelo - Umthamo iimpompo. iindlela uvalo ke, umgaqo, ngokufanayo kwizixhobo eqhelekileyo danogo uhlobo, kodwa umqolo kuyo zawo, ngokuqhelekileyo mxinwa kakhulu. imifuziselo abaninzi izixhobo naphaya ukusebenza nje enye kunye zizinto iikhemikhali esebenzayo - xa kukho imfuneko idosi periodic.

Ziziphi iimpawu yabo? Kovalo iimpompo wekhadi, njengoko umthetho, ngqo, enalo yengxinano ezizodwa kwentendelezo. zokwenziwa komsebenzi zazo (agents transfer ngobunzulu) yeyona kakhulu eguquguqukayo adjustable. In imodeli yangoku inikeza iindlela ukuseta i parameters ezinqwenelekayo - omabini kwimo yangoku yunithi, kwaye ngexesha presetting. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo kuyilo kunye isixhobo zeteknoloji, oku kunokwenziwa ngesandla okanye izinto drive.

Phakathi yeembalasane yolinganiso iimpompo - ubulula ekhethekileyo yesondlo. Ingakumbi, yenzelwe, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokohlobo iibhloko - oku kubangela ubulula ibencinci imfuneko iindleko zabasebenzi uzidibanisa okanye owandayo izixhobo. iimpompo ezinjalo zibonelelwa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye semigudu naphaya kwiimeko ezinobungozi lubekwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi, njengoko ecingela ezi zinto.

uhlobo isixhobo Ulinganiso babe iqela elikhulu ehamba (egqithisa) - umyalelo 100-150 ngomzuzu. Kuyenzeka ukuba alungise le awo - in imifuziselo mihla oku kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa uluhlu 0-100%.

Kwezinye iimeko, ingakumbi ukuveliswa kubandakanya ukusebenza kwemodeli "hybrid" kwefowuni. Oko kukuthi, kusenokufuneka yokumpompa inwebu-piston. It idibanisa amancedo a kovalo, kwakunye "Classic". Cinga nkcukacha kule hlobo leeyunithi.

Ingakumbi iimpompo ndizayo-piston

Ngenxa yoko, i impompo cleaner (inwebu) ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zoyilo azisoloko zenzelwe izinto processing kunye ezixineneyo. Ukongeza, njengokuba ezinye iingcali zobugcisa, sibe akusoloko kangangoko. Ngoko ke, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe impompo kokuba iimpawu njengoko uvalo kunye piston. Devices yale hlobo basoloko usebenze kwindawo ukusebenza ephezulu kunye power kuyehla.

Ngaphezu koko, kwenkululeko the iimpompo inwebu-ukufuduka kuba banzi ngokubanzi ngaphezu orifice. Ingakumbi, ukuze kusetyenziselwa kuphela zokumpompa ulwelo, kodwa ukususa elitshisiweyo esendimbaneni filter, equka ulwakhiwo yokomisa zokutshiza. Ezinye iimpompo inwebu-piston, uhlobo hydraulic nazo zingasetyenziswa kwishishini lezemigodi, mn, kushishino yodongwe, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi. Ngoko ke, olu hlobo device, ndinawo iingenelo obekwayo zombini inwebu kunye piston embodiments, ulungiso ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo ngakumbi. Oko kukuthi, ukuba izixhobo uvalo zifaneleke ngakumbi xa zokumpompa ulwelo (kunye ipesenti ethile umxholo eziqinileyo), i "hybrid" kulula ukumelana nokuhamba izinto, nto leyo, uyazikhomba macandelo ezingenakunyibilika ukuze ibe ngaphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo yesixa kuvamise kakhulu ibiza ngaphezu uvalo okanye piston ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nokwenza eyiyo inkqubo yokuvelisa kweendleko ungahlawula ngokwayo. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ngenxa umdlalo "hybrid" iimpompo ezininzi kakuhle, ngaphantsi - lo kwangayo yona le yinxalenye iindleko zokwenza ushishino iya kuncitshiswa. Kwakhona, ngenxa iimpawu noshowo iimpompo inwebu-piston, anxibe iinxalenye kubo ngokufuthi ngaphantsi xa usebenzisa isixhobo uvalo.

Indlela ukukhetha nempompo?

Ucingisisa ngoko iikhrayitheriya kufuneka kukhethwe pump uvalo (ukuba isixhobo akuthethi siyahambelana uhlobo gqith)? Key iparameters ukuba enokuthethwa malunga nendlela abaqhuba ngayo kwezi ntlobo zezixhobo zomculo, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- uxinzelelo kwi ivelufa Chicken (kwiimeko ezininzi, isantya ubuncinane kufuneka ibe ibha 60 - kodwa bonke zixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni ekujoliswe kwimpompo);

- sokufunxa (ekukhethwa ukuba hayi ngaphantsi kwe-4-5 m);

- bomyinge wamanzi wenkqu (. Ngaba ulinganiswa cubic metres ngeyure - agcwayele wancomela parameters zahluke kakhulu - ukusuka 0.5 ukuya amashumi nemivo, bonke ngokuxhomekeke injongo device);

- transmission xi ibanga (ubude yombhobho londla eziphathekayo - hayi ngaphantsi kwe-50 eemitha);

- esicinezelweyo uxinzelelo lomoya (ngokuqhelekileyo ku ezahlukene 0.2-0.6 MPA, kodwa isenokuba nezinye values);

- lobushushu avumelekile kwithuba lokuphumla izinto ngomtshini (njenge 0-80 degrees);

- sangqa le mingxuma e ugwebu nokukhupha, kwaye apho umoya wondla (kuboniswe ngokweesentimitha okanye intshi - ngokuqhelekileyo yemifanekiso yokungenisa);

- umda eziqinileyo sangqa (ziyahluka ukusuka milimitha ezimbalwa ukuya sentimitha).

Noko ke, ukuhlelwa iimpompo kunye isabelo sabo spectrum ebanzi ukwenzela ukuba kukhethwe elilelona parameters xa kukhethwa ngohlobo isixhobo kusoloko iya kuxhomekeka kwiinkalo isicelo esithile.

ukushiyeka

Izinto eziluncedo ze isixhobo ethathelwa ingqalelo ngokwaneleyo. Le jikelele - i inwebu pump zingasetyenziswa isixa esikhulu samanzi kunye nezinye izinto kunye iipropati ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni. Oku eziphilayo - ezisetyenziswa kuyilo izixhobo kunye actuators ngaphandle neegesi zeemoto. Le ububanzi yokusebenza zobugcisa - kukho, ngesanti kubunzulu baphantsi, womoya, impompo uvalo manual zombane. Kodwa kufuneka athi malunga iintsilelo ukuba uphawu olu hlobo leeyunithi kuyo.

Okokuqala, lo inwebu okanye uvalo iimpompo zisoloko ihamba. Ekugqibeleni Oku kukhokelela yosetyenziso - liphelelwa tight, ukuba lingapheli. Kodwa, njengokuba umthetho, abenzi izixhobo zale mihla basebenzela ukuba zithumele amacandelo inwebu nanceba ngakumbi, kwaye xa zibaleka phandle - ungasoloko odola ezintsha. Umzekelo, HBM, ukunika imveliso yawo flagship - i inwebu pump ezincamathelayo (HBM ijolise izixhobo ezifana), likwancedisa uluhlu abaza kuzisebenzisa.

Okwesibini, ngenxa yokuba amandla zokuxhaphaza, anxibe kakuhle kunye neevalvu sixhobo. Kwakhona, kwezinye iimeko kusenokubakho ukuvaleka izinto eziqinileyo anokufumaneka engamanzi feed. Nangona kunjalo, banokwenza kutshintshwa.

Ezinye iingxaki kwimpompo ezinokubangelwa ngamaxesha lock imbonakalo umphunga ngalo mzuzu bolwelo yokufunxa (ukuba kukusebenza agents, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo koxinzelelo umphunga ophezulu - umz, imethyl chloride).

Noko ke, ephawulwe ukunqongophala ezintathu maintainability ophezulu impompo babuyekezwe yaye ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezigugileyo lula. Kwakhona, ukunciphisa amathuba umonakalo inwebu yaye ivelufa ngaxeshanye lokubolekwa (kwaye kwezinye iimeko - njengenxalenye yesakhiwo) lungasetyenziswa iindidi ezahlukeneyo damping izixhobo eyenzelwe mpuluswa pulses ezivela ukuhamba diaphragms. Kunjalo, iimpompo uvalo sebenzisa kunokuba kunezixhobo yabo yemveli. inzuzo kwezoqoqosho lwamashishini ezininzi kuxhomekeka ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iiyunithi nje ezinjalo.