Propylene ethers - ntoni na? iipropati imichiza, ukusetyenziswa

Omnye ixhaphake kakhulu kwi izithambiso, iziqholo kunye nokutya mveliso, kwakunye kwinkalo yobuchule kukho into ephilayo ngoweqela alkoholi. igama layo - propylene ethers. Yintoni na? Cinga iimpawu, isakhiwo omzimba kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwale ezimbaxa kweli nqaku.

Propylene ethers - ntoni na?

Le dialcohol abantu baqala ukusebenzisa ngokukhawuleza bafumana oko iipropati luncedo yaye kubaluleke anazo. Ngaphandle eyahluke kancinane ukusuka ethanol okanye glycerol, kwakunye ulwelo ecacileyo. Noko ke, viscosity yayo iphezulu kunase-ethanol, kodwa ngaphantsi kunolo glycerol. Ngokutsho yetyhefu yalo ungaphantsi kakhulu ukuya ummelwane ekufutshane kuthotho homologous - ethylene ethers.

Ukuba ethanediol - iyityhefu ngamandla, lo ethers propylene - akukho. Ukusetyenziswa kwale nto isekelwe kwiipropati yaso emzimbeni imichiza. Ukuba ngokufutshane ukuchaza amacandelo aphambili apho kukho propylene ethers, isicelo luboniswe kumacandelo eziliqela ezoqoqosho.

1. imboni Chemical.
2. Aircraft kunye nokwakhiwa imoto.
3. Oyile kunye noshishino negesi.
4. Peyinta noshishino ivanishi.
5. Izithambiso kunye iziqholo shishino.
6. Production ukutya.
7. yezifundo zobugcisa umsebenzi.
8. Medicine.

Kucacile ukuba ucinga into kuba izinto ezixabisekileyo imichiza ekrwada kunye ithagethi ebalulekileyo imveliso eqhelekileyo kunye nokusebenza izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto imveliso imveliso iya kubalwa iitoni ngonyaka ngamnye. urhweba nezingenayo phakathi kwamazwe amabini wayisa ngaphandle ebonakalayo. Phantse wonke msebenzi kunye nemveliso kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifana propylene ethers. Yintoni na? Yintoni na isakhiwo sayo imichiza, ifomula kunye neempawu? Siza kuphanda ngakumbi.

Ifomula kunye molecule

Kukho ezahlukeneyo ezininzi iifomyula ngayo ukwazi ukubonisa kuphela ubume loqobo nelomyinge kwemolekyuli, kodwa umyalelo neentambo atomic kuyo, oko kukuthi, ulwakhiwo mbandela.

1. Ezinto okanye enokwehla. Ngokwale formula nga kugwetywa malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku le ezimbaxa. izovela Propylene ethers njengoko C ₃ H ₈ O _2. Kodwa irekhodi enjalo ayiniki ithuba ukuqikelela iimpawu into, ngokuba ngokomyalelo ongaziwayo atomic.
2. Le ndlela yokubala yinto enye zesakhiwo. Kulo mzekelo, ubume propylene na indlela efanayo kodwa babe iintlobo ezimbini: 1,2 - propanediol CH ₂ OH-CHOH-CH _3, kwaye 1,3-propanediol CH ₂ OH-CH ₂ -CH ₂ OH. Indawo iqela ezisebenzayo iphembelela reactivity ukwimo. Phakathi kwabo izakhiwo ezimbini - isomers.
   
3. Full ifomula kwesakhiwo. Kubonisa bond nganye zinemoletyhule, ukuquka ezimbaxa phakathi carbon kunye hydrogen. Le propylene ethers zonke iilinki olunye sigma-hlobo, ngoko ukumela indlela ecacileyo ngesakhiwo ayihambi.

Njengoko propylene into elula - ulwelo nto leyo umxube racemic kwezakhiwo ezibini optical isomeric. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-carbon atom yezi kwikhonkco. Ngoko ke, omnye yokubolekisana moya okukhanya ukuya ekunene, omnye ashiywe. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ekhobokisayo njengoko lulonke phantse akukho isiphumo.

iimpawu Physical osisiqu

Ngokwemiqathango emzimbeni parameters, 100 ethers% propylene neneempawu zilandelayo.

1. ulwelo enemibala, elingqingqwa, viscous, unalo ixabiso loxinano abangenagama.
2. Kwi inkalakahla, sweetish, ivumba elithile.
3. Kuyinto kuphela elungileyo ukuba abameli phantse zonke iiklasi kwezinto.
4. Sam propylene ethers enyibilikayo emanzini kunye notywala kunye nokubi - in benzene kunye kaEtere.
5. Iqondo - 45.5 ⁰ C ngamandla eqhelekileyo. Izinga ukunyuka nge uxinzelelo olukhulu.
6. It unezinga eliphezulu hygroscopicity.
7. Liveza ikhono umhlwa eliphantsi.

iipropati emzimbeni kwaye isigqibo kwiinkalo eziphambili isicelo ukwimo. Emva propanediol sikwazi ukunciphisa eqinileyo umgibe esiphakathi air ukufuma ibotshwe ngezithandelo, wehlisa lobushushu izinto, nazisasaza Compound ezingqongileyo. Ngoko ke, oko isetyenziswa yokudla.

iipropati chemical

Kweli qela reactivity, 1,3-propylene ethers yi isomer lovukelo ngakumbi. Ukongeza, uyakwazi polymerize. Ngokubanzi, kukho reactions ezininzi ezinkulu bayakwazi ukungena utywala dihydric.

1. Esterification. Isakudityaniswa nee-asidi eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ke yasabela ukwenza esters.
2. Ukusabela ngealkali unika glycolates, loo nto inye eyenzeka intsebenziswano kunye iintsimbi kwealkali.
3. Ziyakwazi emzimbeni kunye ukuyilwa aldehydes, allylic alkoholi dimetildioksanov kunye nezinye iimveliso.
4. Indlela Dehydrogenation ukuba ukhokelele ekubeni kusekwe of acetol, aldehydes, asidi.
5. Igcwala ihamba ukuyilwa molecule acetone, propionaldehyde, lactic acid, formaldehyde kunye nezinye kusitsha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwale kweziyobisi shishino iphephile kokusingqongileyo. Eneneni, ngenxa stepwise ekonakaleni molecule kwakhiwa amanzi nje kunye carbon dioxide. Le nkqubo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• propylene ethers;
• lactic acid;
• PVK (pyruvic acid) ;
• amanzi;
• carbon dioxide.

Ngako oko ke kuthathwa ukuba ukusebenzisa le uqhagamshelwano ukwenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo: obuchwepheshe ukutya kunye izithambiso.

iziphumo ubuthi emzimbeni kunye

Propylene ethers - yintoni na ngokwemiqathango yempembelelo emzimbeni womntu? izifundo ezininzi kunye amalinge lubonise ukuba nefuthe ngqo elibi eziphilayo kunye namaziko, le ezimbaxa akanayo. Akuphumi kubangele ubuhlungu kunye anozizi eluswini, akuthethi inokuqokelelana kwesibindi kunye nezintso, njengoko ikhefu nkqu endleleni kubo.

Amalinge kwi mpuku abo babengagqitywanga a propylene ethers ngemihla, wabonisa ukuba ayenzi kuchaphazela impilo kunye nobomi eziphilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho ixesha elide ukusebenzisa iimveliso kunye amalungiselelo equlathe izixa ezikhulu iziyobisi, ingaba ubunzima kidney, umsebenzi wabo ngengqibelelo uya kuba sengozini. Kodwa oku kumele ziphele isixa esikhulu eyona ecocekileyo 100% propylene ethers, leyo ke akunakwenzeka.

Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kotywala kwi izithambiso, iziqholo kunye nokutya shishino uvumelekile ngokungqinelana nemithetho nemigaqo. Impembelelo embi kuphela unokuba kwabo abaphethwe zizifo zezikhumba, dermatitis, nangokhwekhwe neentlobo entsokothileyo uyaliwa. Kulo mzekelo, ayikhuthazwa tu ukusebenzisa izithambiso, namafutha aqholiweyo, ishampu kunye nezinye iimveliso eziqulathe iziyobisi.

Industry Manufacturing

Iipropati imichiza ukuvumela propylene ukufumana propylene esuka kuyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile lobushushu (200 ⁰ C) kunye noxinzelelo (1.6 MPA). Kulo mzekelo imveliso izithako nje ezintathu:

• propylene ethers;
• ethers;
• tripropylene.

Kuqhubekeko oluphambili kunye nokwahlukana indlela kumhlathi ekhethekileyo ekulungiseni iyasetyenziswa. Le mveliso ogqityiweyo unalo ixabiso ntumbuluko eliphezulu (99%), yaye ngoko nangoko ilungele ukusetyenziswa. propylene Ukutya ethers ivavanywa processing ezongezelelweyo, ixesha yokugcina kwiminyaka emibini.

Sebenzisa emelana

Okokuqala bonke utywala lisetyenziswa kushishino njengoko yenethiwekhi ubushushu. Propylene ethers zingasetyenziswa teploustanovkah kuluhlu ubushushu ukusuka -40 ⁰ C ukuya 108 ⁰ C. Ngaphezu koko, ukukwazi layo umhlwa ephantsi ivumela ukuba agcine izixhobo. Ngoko propanediol isetyenziswa:

• zokufudumeza;
• moya kuzo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo;
• umoya;
• Apholisayo ukutya.

Used in cosmetics

Ukukwazi osisiqu ukubamba sokuwubopha amanzi, yeentsali, ukuphucula texture, iimolekyuli ivumba athwale oxhasa ukuba usebenzise okuthambisa kunye namashishini iziqholo. Ukongeza, le reactivity eliphantsi kunye nokhuseleko ngokwemigaqo eziphilayo, amayeza kumisela ukhetho yeli candelo ukwenza izithambiso, ishampu, intlama, amafutha kunye nezinye iimveliso.

Kukho iinkampani ezininzi zifundisa ukuba bathenge propylene ethers. Price ixhomekeke kwindlela ekwakugquba ngayo imveliso kunye mali komyalelo. It zokhahlamba ukusuka engange-150 ukuya-170 ikilogram.

Ukusetyenziswa kushishino yokutya

Kushishino ukutya ethers propylene eyaziwa ngokuba E1520. Yena lilungu iimveliso ezininzi pasty, guquki bukhrim kunye confectionery okuqinileyo. indima yakhe - eziziintsali, ukuthamba, ukupholisa, ukunkonkxwa.