Isihloko savela: Prince, kumkani, umlawuli, kumkani, vizier

Ngubani na lo uPhilip, leyo imisebenzi? Zonke States ngexesha elithile yaba uhlobo kulawula kwezopolitiko, njengokuba ukumkani. Le yenye yezona ndlela wabonisa kuphela kurhulumente. Amandla zikarhulumente xa kokwabo nokumkani, okt umlawuli ingundoqo - umlawuli, kumkani, isikhulu, kumkani okanye vizier. Ngaphezu koko, akukho i "iposi" kunyulwa. neNgonyama ilifa icebisa, amasiko athile, utshintshelo lolawulo. Ukuba mlawuli ungenabantwana, oko kunokukhokelela wezopolitiko phakathi izikhakhamela.

neNgonyama

abalandeli bokwenene ukumkani bakholelwa ukuba ethile amandla unikwe nguThixo ukuba lo kumkani. Ngelo xesha ke wamkela ubabalo ukusuka ngentla. Uvela ngasentla, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba ngubani na lo kumkani.

• Lo mlawuli - intloko karhulumente, ukuba amalungelo ebomini yaye namandla.
• Ilifa kwamandla - isihloko savela xa - ezichazwe ngumthetho.
• Umlawuli - yintloko luhlanga okanye abantu belizwe lakhe.
• Thina savela ukuzimela zomthetho kunye nobulungisa.

Iindlela ukumkani zokuqala

Le yokuqala, ngolokuqala kwimbali yoluntu - ukumkani oriental yamandulo, apho nendima ebalulekileyo indima ngendlela wayengusolusapho yobomi kunye nobunini amakhoboka. Ngelo xesha njengoko ebhodini abasebenzi bakarhulumente fanele ngokupheleleyo nokumkani. Lo mbutho yaziwa kwabasemagunyeni kumazwe baseMpuma Ancient, lo despotism empumalanga.

neNgonyama medieval okanye feudal wabonakala emva kokuwa uBukhosi baseRoma. Umphumo waba ukuzalwa zizikumkani eziliqela, ekuthiwa zobukrwada: Visigoth, amakhosi, Ostrogothic, Anglo-Saxon, kunye nabanye. Kuzo kukho ukungavisisani rhoqo, iingxwabangxwaba phakathi akhonze kunye ukumkani wabo, enxibe isihloko kumkani. Kukho umngeni rhoqo ilungelo kwetrone. Ukuba, phambi kokuba VII - VIII leminyaka, ukumkani wayalela ngokubamba unyulo, ngelo xesha, ngezi ookumkani elizayo kwaqala amisele receiver, oko kukuthi, oonyana babo.

Izihloko ze yoBukhosi Russian

neNgonyama feudal bubonakala IX - X eminyaka. Kievan Rus, kubungqina mbali, ningabaleli hlobo kurhulumente. Ngeli xesha ke zenza nobunini mhlaba feudal. amazwe Common wayithimba nabakhulu nezikhulu. Ziwe phantsi amandla bamazwe prince kufuneka ukuba ahlawule kuye iirenti zendalo. Oko kukuthi, xa ukumkani ekuqaleni ezibuswa, intloko karhulumente inganga, eyaziyo, isihloko kumkani. Wathembela umkhosi wakhe wamajoni - squad, uze emva koko kwibhunga lwabadala. Grand Duke ukudlala indima uphethe ezinye iinkosana ezincinane. Ngaba ESmolensk, Novgorod, iinkosana yaseTver. itrone Kiev yayigqalwa ehlonitshwe, wathabatha abathetheli bakhe Rurik ubukhosi, zaqatshelwa ezinye iinkosana yabo abadala ngokulandelelana.

neNgonyama feudal waba iimpawu zayo ezizodwa. Amandla ayihambi yi ilifa looyise unyana ngaphandle nasiphi na isenzo lowiso - kwinqanaba siko. Enoba izenzo savela akazange enze, akazange athwale uxanduva lwasemthethweni kubo. Kule meko akukhange kubekho amaziko amandla, igunya, kunye nobume kunye neBhunga Prince (King).

Ngowe-1472, nomtshana umlawuli yaseByzantium kaThixo watshata Grand iNkosana Moscow, Ivan III, owoyiswayo ingcamango ekuqhubekekeni yoBukhosi baseByzantium. Kwaye ngo 1480, xa ulwalamano sele iphelile kaRhulumente eMoscow ukusuka Mongols, uIvan Iii waqalisa ukusebenzisa ixesha umlawuli kunye uzwilakhe - nguzwilakhe, oko kukuthi, ukuba igunya elizimeleyo le-Golden mkhosi. Enyanisweni, Ivan III wathi yena umbusi Russian. kwiikumkani Kamva ukuya etroneni Russian bazibiza ookumkani.

Ixesha kaPeter the Great

Nokufika uPetros ezintsha kunye notshintsho baqala. Ngowe-1721 Peter reintroduces endaweni kwesihloko "Ukumkani" title "umlawuli", bengahambi ngokwesithethe yaseYurophu. Uba umbusi Russian. Yaye libhekisela uPetros Omkhulu ke kuyimfuneko nje kuphela ngokuthi "nkosi." Russia wabizwa ngokuba uBukhosi Russian.

Ebudeni bolawulo uPetros izihloko ezithathu ungunyana wabanumzana yayikhona-bume: umthetheli, ubalo kunye baron, bakhalazayo kuphela iNkosi uPhilip, kunye nenzala kuphela kumgca eyindoda. Ntombi emva yomtshato waphulukana sakhe, Siyagqitha, sivela kwisizukulwana ukuya kumyeni wakhe.

Isihloko "koMlawuli" phakathi kwiikumkani Russian kusetyenziswa de 1917. Lo mlawuli yokugqibela wahliswa in Russian UNikolai II.

Malunga kumkani Monaco

Umzekelo, uluntu mihla usenomdla kwimbali amahla ndinyuka Monaco. Ukohluka webhodi kweli lizwe ngenxa yokuba nokufika nohlobo Grimaldi kunye nemfundo 1215. Monaco neNgonyama, ubukhosi ayifakwanga zange kwiminyaka 700. Urhulumente endala iminyaka emininzi yaba ngaphantsi Protectorate yeFrance, wayeyiqonda le meko simahla kwaye geqe. Ngowe-1860, yaphela loo Protectorate. Ngo-1911 i-Prince of Monaco ubulawuli siseko savunywa. Kulo mlawuli igcinwe amagunya ibanzi kwaye anyulwe ngevoti kweBhunga lesiZwe, ekwabelwana igunya lowiso-mthetho.

Phambi kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I ukuzimela eli lizwe wabizelwa mbuzo, kodwa Louis II, Ekulawuleni ngelo xesha, ukugcina amandla Rainier III umzukulwana wakhe, liye lantinga laya etroneni ngowe-1949, uye wenza lukhulu uphuhliso lizwe. Ukuphuhliswa inzululwazi, ushishino, ezemidlalo, inkcubeko - yonke impumelelo yakhe. Kunye nomfazi wakhe, umdlali ethandwayo American Grays UKelli, Prince watshintsha ubuso Monaco. Umlingane wayenza yesisa kunye nenkcubeko.

Crown Prince Albert

Abatshatileyo Prince Rainier III kunye Grays UKelli wazala abantwana abathathu. Emva kokufa kabuhlungu umfazi wakhe ngowe-1982, Prince Rainier III iye yagweba eli lizwe ukususela ngexesha yesibini kwaye utshatile. Ngu nempikiswano benganga sigqibo kufuneka zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa-siseko iingongoma ubulawuli ukuba ilifa itrone kuphela iindlalifa ezisemthethweni unyana wakhe. Ngamafutshane, wayesazi malunga nobomi obuvakalala unyana wakhe nokholo encinane yokuba otshatayo. Emva kokufa kukayise ngowama-2005, wangumlawuli, Prince Albert II (b. 1958), umntwana wesibini ekhaya. Umdala - Princess Caroline (owazalwa 1957), The omncinane -. Princess Stephanie (wazalwa ngo-1965).

Prince of Monaco, Prince Albert II - inxaxheba wokugqibela kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki, imbaleki, yedwa. Wayithatha ngo-2011 ukuya Sharlin Uittstok, indadi, utitshala wesikolo eMzantsi Afrika. Ngo-2014 kuzalwa amawele, intombazana kunye inkwenkwe Gabriella Jacques. Kuya kuba umthetheli ilifa, kwaye ilifa itrone yakhe. Nakule iphela uhlobo ubulawuli Grimaldi ke amawele kuqala.

Imbali akuthethi ukufihla ukuba isikhulu Albert II phambi umtshato wakhe intombi yakhe, nabantwana ababini ngaphandle komtshato, kodwa zamabango kwetrone, akakwazi. umthetho Monaco, ukuba umthetheli elibusayo kungekho bantwana, amandla emva ekurhoxisweni ubomi bakhe bababuyisa phandle usisi omdala - Carolina. Kodwa ke aba bantwana.

Umbuso Ottoman

ulawulo Esinzima waba Ottoman. Isibakala sokuba Isihloko savela yaba Sultan, nto ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Kuxhomekeka oweza ngamandla, kwaye Ottoman bavela. Kwakukho amahla ndinyuka. A umkhosi onamandla buthathaka. Ukuza ngamandla, kwaoko nya umbusi neqembu yakhe kwabo angafuna ukuba igunya comprehensive. Abazalwana babulawa namashweshwe. Abazange nanceba nabani na.

Ku kombisa kwaba ngexesha lokulawula Mehmed IV. Ngeli xesha le bhodi kuvavanywa ubukhosi isi eqinile - Koprulu. Mehmed Iv unikezele ulawulo yombuso Mehmed Köprülü, leyo kunganxulunyaniswa lekroza le Grand Vizier of the Ottoman. Kwinkulungwane XVII iziko yolawulo bukhosi wayengekho Palace Sultan, yaye Ibhotwe i-Grand Vizier.

Mehmed Koprulu

Nzima, uzwilakhe lubuyayo Mehmed Koprulu uya kususwa bume sultan ngamagosa emele uloyiko lokuba ubukhosi. Watshayelela ingqeqesho olungqongqo emkhosini abuyiselwe ucwangco kumazibuko kunye kwiziqithi kuLwandle iAegean. Uye wenze lukhulu ukuba imigca banqande Cossacks yoLwandle Black. Ukususela ngo 1661 unyana oneminyaka eli-26 ubudala Mehmed Koprulu indawo uyise oswelekileyo njengoko Grand Vizier, yaye walawula lobukhosi minyaka ili-15 ezayo.

Ukubhubha, abaphezulu Koprulu wayithobayo Sultan oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala imigaqo ezine karhulumente:

• musa landela icebiso kwamabhinqa;
• akuvumelekanga ukuba abe ngummi osisityebi kakhulu;
• ndamzalisa zengcebo;
• njalo kule yesali, kufuneka ugcine umkhosi ngezenzo.

Kuphela Vizier Grand ngokwenene le Ottoman ngoko ngobulumko ukunceda ukuphatha umbusi karhulumente.