Derbent udonga Derbent: Inkcazo photos

Phakathi iimyuziyam besixeko Derbent Russia limi isoya oriental asilolokwenyani, amandla ngaphakathi kunye nembali multi-wemileniyam. Imbonakalo "neeperile 'of Dagestan amagama amakhulu izakhiwo omzimba, ekwelo nqanaba xa inqaba esithe nkqi, sicatshulwa ezitshixwayo ezigudle lweCaspian kunxweme. iikhilomitha ezininzi Derbent double udonga inqaba ezinqatyisiweyo Naryn-Kala, sinamafu indlela uyabaleka "bakhona 'izityebi ngasezantsi entla.

Ukususela ukuphakama zeentaba

Ukususela ukuphakama kummango Dzhalganskogo Derbent kubonakala band emxinwa ezimhlophe yade phakathi kolwandle eluhlaza udonga uhlaza Crest, zeentaba. Ukuqalela elwandle kakhulu ngumcu ngokubanzi izakhiwo kunye imiyezo, umzi, ngokuthe ngcembe ekhwela entabeni, into zixinaniswe kwi ngesikhokelo esicacileyo iindonga parallel kwaye hlaza ekunyukeni eweni ka omnye loza lentaba uluhlu Dzhalganskogo.

Apha, phezu Cliff kufuphi emlonyeni yaya kwentaba imiwonyo ezinzulu, ezinemithi iindonga izimvi kwinqaba iShushan, kwindawana uphahla kunye uthungelwano ezigoso iindlela imi emazantsi kwisixeko samandulo. Ingakumbi kubonakala kwazo phezu kodonga kwiifoto Derbent Derbent leyo echaphazela indlela yokwakha bezakhiwo kudala.

lemveli World

Siqinisa apha elinesihlanu lamakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo, i Sasanian Iran, kulandele i-Arabhu Caliphate nje ukumelana ukumelana enamandla umbutho abasemathanga emathafeni, kodwa ukusasaza amandla abo kunye nempembelelo kwi eCaucasus yonke empumalanga. Okumangalisayo kukuba, Derbent udonga - kabini udonga era Sassanid - yasinda ezininzi iimfazwe, ngokomkhethe igcinwe.

Uphando zakudala lubonisa ukuba enjalo indawo qhinga zokuhlala ebalulekileyo rhoqo eyayikho kwiminyaka 6000 eyadlulayo. Oku kukuvumela Derbent ithathwa sixeko sidala kweli eRashiya omnye omdala ehlabathini. Unyaka ka-2003 waba yimbalasane kulo mzi: ziingcali UNESCO kumbona iShushan a World Heritage Site njengomnye ezinqabileyo kakhulu abalondolozwa zokuzifaka apha lwezakhiwo yamaPersi amandulo.

indawo

Derbent yaMandulo yonke ibekwe phakathi kweendonga ezimbini ubude esukela ukufana kunye uvale omnye, phesheya sicatshulwa phakathi kolwandle kunye neentaba. Enye iindonga elide Uyalwa ka Derbent, emantla, basinda phantse ubude balo lonke, kwaye yenza umda osemantla komzi.

South Derbent udonga, enxuseneyo kowokuqala, igcinwe kuphela ecaleni inxalenye ephezulu okanye yasentshona sixeko kunye neendawo ezincinane kwenye indawo. Intshabalalo oko yaqala emva kokoyiswa Russian, xa inxalenye esezantsi isixeko nokukhula uhlobo yaseYurophu, hayi indawo imida amandulo, baqala ukwandisa ukuya ezantsi. Kungcono ugcinwe kwinqaba iShushan, akakheki izakhiwo mihla.

sigaba angaphesheya

abahambi yamandulo inkenteza iinxalenye iindonga, eshiya uLwandle lweCaspian kwaye bangabonakali ngaphantsi kolwandle. Umbhali-mbali Lev Gumilyov ngowokuqala wayeqhuba isifundo yale meko kwaye wafumanisa ukuba isizathu sokuba ukuhla okubonakalayo kwinqanaba elwandle. Kumaxesha amandulo, Derbent Derbent udonga wasikhusela ilizwe kwizibuko, ngoku nezikhukhula.

Namhlanje, iindonga, izithethi elwandle, eshiya kuphela kummango ilitye, ndizilandile komile. iibhloko aqingqiweyo Kakuhle ibekwe ngokucacileyo ibonakala ngaphantsi kwamanzi kwi phezu lolwandle ezolileyo.

incazelo

Igama kwisakhiwo ngoyaba le Naryn-Kala (Derbent kwinqaba iShushan kunye nodonga) lithetha "ngesango elimxinwa". Eneneni, apha neCaucasus Mountains yinyosi osondela oLwandle lweCaspian, wakha 'entanyeni "emxinwa, ezihamba lula ukulawula. Ubude kokwakhiwa malunga 1,300 eemitha kuloo mzi. Inxalenye weentaba eludongeni, ezifana Enkulu zinabela nzulu eCaucasus kwi km 42.

Ububanzi beendonga Abasindileyo Derbent uza-4 m, kwaye kwezinye iindawo ufikelela umphakamo 18-20 m. Kwezinye iindawo iindonga wahlala scalloped nothango. Kuyo ubude balo udonga ezahlulwe sisithuba ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ibekwe rhoqo inqaba uqikelelo uxande okanye imilo semi-setyhula, yaye ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko enqabeni xesha, wamatye okuqinileyo. Eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo ukuzithethelela malunga uqikelelo inqaba ziquka ixabiso iOfele. Ngaphakathi beendonga zaye kutshayelwe nobhazabhaza, awasimisayo ikampu yokugxotha iintshaba.

North esangweni

Le nxalenye zokuhombisa izakhiwo Derbent ke emasangweni. Ngokutsho ababhali Arab kwi Derbent yamandulo ngasentla, i Khazars, i ezisengozini ngengqiqo emkhosini, udonga ezintathu kuphela emasangweni. Baye yasinda ukuya namhlanje. Omnye wabo - na kwesango, ibekwe kufuphi kwinqaba iShushan. Indlela ubakhokelela ibe gorge nzulu, imvulophu yaseYiputa ukusuka emantla-ntshona. Zibizwa Dzharchi-CAPS - isithunywa esangweni.

umdla kakhulu zokuhombisa kuyilo Kyrhlyarskie isango layo - Kyrhlyar-iminqwazi, ebizwa kuzo zibekwe kufutshane emangcwabeni wamandulo, ngokutsho legend Ziqulethe engcwabeni lika-Muslims lokuqala kula mazwe. Kumacala omabini lesango-ubude ngaphandle eyinkunzi liyalondolozwa eqingqiweyo ezimbini yomfanekiso eengonyama. Isango wesithathu, Shurinskie kuyabonakala kwatshintsha kwixesha elizayo. Enyanisweni, udonga osemantla Derbent lowo umda phakathi loonothwal ngoxa Umntla nomzantsi lwezolimo.

South esangweni

Eludongeni lasezantsi ejongene amazwe Muslim, ngokutsho ababhali Arab, kwakukho amasango ezininzi. Nangona ubude encinane inxalenye abalondolozwa eludongeni, kukho yasinda amasango ezine. Omnye e kakhulu phezulu enqaba elunge - Cala CAPS - ngoku zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, abanye - Bayat-capacitor ibekwe kufuphi nendawo enyukayo kwinqaba iShushan - nakuba ephahlwe iinqaba yamandulo ngeenxa zonke, kodwa kakhulu ngokutsha.

Uninzi umdla na isango yesithathu eludongeni emazantsi - Horta-CAPS ukuba phakathi ezinde quadrangular nezenziwe kwiindibanisela ezimbini ezilandelelanayo. Esi sicatshulwa lokuqala ngaphandle ilungiselelwe njenge ezintathu nakwiingqameko zalo Lancet, ezahlulwe imiqolo emibini setyhula elinoonobumba quadrangular amaqhwa ephantsi zinokuhonjiswa. Apha Derbent udonga elicala ezihonjiswe nakwiingqameko ezincinane apho obekwe stalactites - arcature zokuhombisa zimiswe ngokwemigca ezintathu unxantathu uvalo.

Le ngxelo yesibini lohlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, buxande, kwakudibana arch tyaba tyaba, ebambe kwemiqhele profiled. Ngaphezu lo igumbi kukho arc eliphezulu razgruznaya arch kunye lunette eyimfama. Ngaphezu obekwe elibukhali ukususela eludongeni sculpture ibe imi ingonyama ngaphambili kwi isibiyeli ekhethekileyo yaye alungiswa (kwakunye eqingqiweyo Kyrhlyarskih isango) yi ngokubanzi kakhulu kwaye udandalaziso.

Ukusuka yesine esangweni emathafeni emazantsi, ibekwe kwindawo edolophu kwaye kuthiwa Doubar-CAPS, wasinda iipayiloni ezimbini ezinkulu ngemiqondiso enokusawula Iingqameko phakathi kwabo. Ukongeza, kukho namasango ezimbini kwinqaba iShushan: i Inqaba lwasempumalanga uxande bephethe imizila iinguqu ezininzi, Western, bephahlwe ezinde ezimbini.

ezinye izinto ezinomtsalane

Derbent udonga kwinqaba iShushan - asingabo kwisixeko samandulo kuphela. Apho ke kuloo nqaba kukho amabhodlo izakhiwo ezininzi kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Of umdla ezithile:

• Endaweni apha itanki enkulu, zaba nemikrolo eweni, kwakudibana yi Dome ezine nakwiingqameko zalo Lancet enesiqu.
• amanxiwa ukwazi ehomereni, apho phambi 1936 wayengomnye kakuhle le uphahla zohlobo olufanayo nolo matanki zichazwe ngasentla.
• Kumacala omabini elide Derbent naa mangcwaba enkulu kunye ihlathi amatye engcwaba ezikhumbuzo.

Esi sixeko kwakhona lineqela endala izakhiwo, zamaSilamsi, imithombo yamanzi, amachibi, zamaRoma. Ulwakhiwo kakhulu ephawulekayo kwaye wamazwi yi mosque, a amajukujuku eluhlaza eliphuma ngaphezu uphahla inxalenye nakumphezulu Derbent mihla kunye izizithsaba anamandla uyakhula entendelezweni mosque zemithi moya ngenkulungwane ubudala.