"Bagration" - ukusebenza ngo-1944. Inkcazelo emfutshane ye-nxaxheba, iziphumo

Ebudeni kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic lalilikhulu-isikali amaphulo asemkhosini ezikhubekisayo butho Soviet wenziwe. Omnye undoqo yaba umsebenzi 'Bagration "(1944). Eli phulo igama imbeko jikelele enkulu kweMfazwe Patriotic ka-1812 Siza elandelayo siqwalasele indlela ukusebenza "Bagration" (1944). Oku kuza kuchazwa imiba engundoqo lohlaselo eSoviet.

isigaba lokuqala

kwiphulo lomkhosi "Bagration" waqalisa isikhumbuzo sesithathu lokuhlasela German USSR. Umsebenzi lwaqhutywa ngo-1944 kwi-Berezina emlanjeni. amajoni Soviet wakwazi ukuba atyhudise eziphumelela German kwiindawo ezininzi. inkxaso Active ekwenzeni njalo, bethumele luqalile. Ngokunzima nabaphumi ekhubekisayo of the 1st iBaltic, 1, 2 kunye amanye 3rd Belorussian. Kunye nezenzo ezi nxalenye iphulo "Bagration" zomkhosi - yokusebenza (1944; umlawuli kunye umnxibelelanisi isicwangciso - G. K. zhukov). Amaqela baba Rokossovsky, Chernyakhovsky, Zakharov, Bagramyan. Kwisithili Vilnius, Brest, Vitebsk, Bobruisk kunye empuma Minsk babanjwa mazwe yotshaba. ezimbalwa kuhlasela ngempumelelo sele yenziwe. Ngenxa amadabi wakhululwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye Belarus, ikomkhulu eli lizwe - Minsk, intsimi Lithuanian, kwimimandla esempuma Poland. amajoni Soviet zafikelela imida East Prussia.

Umgca omkhulu phambi

"Bagration" isicwangciso (ukusebenza 1944) bacebisa nezigaba ezibini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho amaphulo aliqela ezikhubekisayo butho Soviet. Ulwalathiso "Operation Bagration" ngo-1944 ngolu hlobo lulandelayo isigaba sokuqala:

1. Vitebsk.
2. Orsha.
3. Mogilev.
4. Bobruisk.
5. Polotsk.
6. Minsk.

Esi sigaba kwenzeka ukususela kwi-23 Juni ukuya kwi-4 Julayi. Ukususela ngoJulayi 5 ukuya ku-Agasti 29, lohlaselo lwaqhutywa kwakhona izimpi eziliqela. In imisebenzi Isigaba sesibini ezicwangcisiweyo:

1. Vilnius.
2. Siauliai.
3. Bialystok.
4. Lublin-Brest.
5. Kaunas.
6. Osovetskaya.

Vitebsk, Orsha ekhubekisayo

Kule sayithi zokhuselo uhamba 3rd Panzer Army, umthetho yi Reinhardt. Ngqo ukusuka Vitebsk waba 53 Umkhosi lweSizwe yakhe. Ke umthetho zezilimo. Golvittser. Kufuphi Orsha waye 17 Corps we-4 Field Army. NgoJuni 1944, eli ukusebenza "Bagration" lwaqhutywa ngoncedo ingqondo. Ngenxa yakhe, imikhosi yiSoviet waphumelela zingene zokuzithethelela German uze uthabathe nomsele yokuqala. 23,06 izikhulu Russian tirhisaneke igalelo engundoqo. Indima kweqhosha edlalwe yi-43 kunye imikhosi 39. Eyokuqala iquka kwintshona Vitebsk, okwesibini - kwelasezantsi. 39 Army beziphantse akukho ukongama kwamanani, kodwa xi aphezulu imikhosi kule ndawo sele idale inzuzo wendawo ezibalulekileyo kwisigaba sokuqala zesicwangciso "Bagration". Operation (1944) e Vitebsk kunye Orsha senzeka ngempumelelo kwi-wonke. Kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kuba ikwazile ukuba atyhudise kwinxalenye yasentshona zokhuselo kunye ngaphambili esemazantsi. 6 th Corps, ekude ekwicala elingasemazantsi kwe Vitebsk wajika dissected laziinyama eziliqela ukuyilawula. Ukutyhubela Kwiintsuku ezilandelayo, abathetheli iimbambaniso kwibutho labasebenzi babulawa. Inxalenye eseleyo uxhulumaniso elahlekileyo-nye, lihamba kumaqela amancinane ukuya ngasentshona.

inkululeko zemizi

Juni 24 ngaphambili 1 lweBaltic bafika Dvina. Army Group "North" uye wazama sokubala-hlaselo. Noko ke, impumelelo yabo senja. In Beshenkovichi ingqongwe iqela cabinet D. ezantsi Vitebsk yaziswa imishini amahashe Brigade Oslikovskogo. iqela lakhe iye akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo ukuya emazantsi-ntshona.

NgoJuni 1944, eli ukusebenza "Bagration" lwaqhutywa kwisiza Orsha kancinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho bekusoloko omnye elihamba kakhulu ezinamandla iyantlukwano isiJamani - ukubetha 78th. Yaba ngcono kakhulu zinabantu ngaphezu kwabanye, kwafuneka inkxaso imipu esingazihambeliyo 50. Kwakhona wagcinwa yinxalenye zithuthi Division 14.

Nangona kunjalo, lo umyalelo Russian yaqhubeka ukuphumeza isicwangciso "Bagration". Operation 1944 ibandakanya ukuqaliswa kwe-5 Guards Tank Army. amajoni Soviet wasika umgca kaloliwe ukusuka Orchies ukuya ngasentshona in Tolochin. AmaJamani kwanyanzeleka ukuba ziphume umzi, okanye nitshabalale kwi 'imbiza'.

Morning 27,06 Orsha yacocwa zabahlaseli. Guards 5. Panzer Army waqala phambili ukuya Borisov. 27,06 kusasa waza wakhululwa kunye Vitebsk. Apha esoniwa iqela waseJamani, abakhuselekanga kwi olwandulela zokudubula kunye nomoya lugwayimbo. Abahlaseli baye benza iinzame eziliqela bayagqobhoza, bayangena encirclement. 26,06 Omnye wabo waba yimpumelelo. Noko ke, emva kweeyure ezimbalwa malunga 5 lamawaka. BaseJamani baphinde engqongwe.

iziphumo ukuphumelela

Ngenxa lohlaselo eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet phantse ngokupheleleyo elihamba 53 yatshatyalaliswa yiJamani. Xa iiyunithi ngokungenalusini karhulumente akwazi Batyumza abantu 200. Haupt Njengoko iingxelo zibonisa, phantse bonke owenzakeleyo. imikhosi Soviet kwakhona yakwazi ekubulaleni 6 Corps ne Iqela D. Oku kwenzeka ngokuthi "Bagration" isicwangciso sokuphunyezwa elungelelanisiweyo kweqonga yokuqala. Operation 1944 e Vitebsk kunye Orsha avumele ukuba kupheliswe ephangweni yomntla "Centre". Yaba linyathelo lokuqala ukuya phambili epheleleyo iqela bume.

Ukulwa e Mogilev

Oku ozakuthathwa njengenxalenye ngaphambili encedisayo. 23,06 ukulungiselela zokudubula waphumelela kuthwalelwa phandle. Iingalo Front 2 Byelorussian baqalisa ukunyanzela emlanjeni. Prony. Kuba wathabatha umgca ukuzithethelela waseJamani. "Operation Bagration" ngoJuni 1944 zenzeka kunye nokusetyenziswa zokudubula. Utshaba zicinezelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo ngawo. In Mogilev ulwalathiso iinjineli akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo guided kwo-78 kuba ezi ndinyana ye elihamba, no-4 60 ton-ewela enzima ukuya zobugcisa.

kweeyure ezimbalwa kamva, uninzi emlonyeni yabantu German kaThixo lehla ukusuka 80-100 ukuya 15-20 abantu. Kodwa inxalenye yesi-4 Army, wakwazi ukuba bafudukele yamanqaku yesibini p. Basho kakhulu ngocwangco. "Operation Bagration" ngoJuni 1944, baqhubeka lo Dnieper atsho ngasezantsi kunye emantla Mogilev. Amngqonga 27,06 isixeko waza wathabatha uhlaselo ngosuku olulandelayo. Mogilev yathinjwa malunga 2 amawaka. Amabanjwa. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho nenjengele 12 elihamba Division Bamler kunye nomphathi yangasemva Ermansdorf. Le yokugqibela ofunyaniswe enetyala lokwenza inani elikhulu-mthetho olunobuzaza wazixhoma. Kokurhoxa amaJamani ngcembe baba ngakumbi ayengalungelelananga ngakumbi. De 29,06 yatshatyalaliswa waza wayithimba amawaka 33. German amajoni, amatanki-20.

Bobruisk

"Operation Bagration" (1944) lubandakanya ukuyilwa yoMzantsi "ngeenzipho" indawo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Esi senzo lwaqhutywa ngaphambili kakhulu ezinamandla amaninzi Belorussian, umthetho yi Rokossovsky. Ekuqaleni inxaxheba iphiko ekhubekisayo ekunene. Lokumelana ikwangalawa 9 Field Army sofuzo. Jordan. ukuphelisa ingxaki utshaba leyo isonjululwe ngokudala "kwibhoyila" ekuhlaleni kufuphi Bobruisk.

Lohlaselo yaqala kwelasezantsi 24,06. "Operation Bagration" ngo-1944 ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa moya apha. Noko ke, iimeko zemozulu kakhulu nzima ukusebenza kwawo. Ukongeza, le ndawo wona awuzange kakuhle kakhulu ngenxa avanyisa. amajoni Soviet kwafuneka ukuba soyise kakhulu nomgxobhozo mgxobhozo. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela wakhethwa ngabom, kuba eli cala wokhuselo waseJamani ungenamandla. 27,06 ngenelela abanjwe kweendlela ukusuka Bobruisk ukuya emntla nasentshona. imikhosi Key German uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva. Ubukhulu be ring wayemalunga nama-25 km. Umsebenzi ukukhulula Bobruisk waphumelela. Ngexesha lohlaselo, izakhiwo ezimbini batshatyalaliswa - i Army 35 kunye 41 Panzer. Le ekuchithweni-9 Army kuvunyelwa ukuba avule indlela eya Minsk ukusuka emantla-mpuma engasezantsi, nakwintshonalanga engasentla.

Ukulwa e Polotsk

Lo ngumgca inxalabo enzulu ukuya umyalelo Russian. Ukuphelisa le ngxaki yaqala Baghramyan. Enyanisweni, phakathi Vitebsk, Orsha kunye Polotsk imisebenzi akayaphula. Ummangali ephambili yaye yaxhasa 3rd Panzer Army, iingalo "North" (16 umkhosi field). Ebezigciniwe, amaJamani waba nomkhosi amaqela 2. operation Polotskaya ayikagqitywa ukuze itshabalalise njengaxa Vitebsk. Noko ke, uvumelekile ukuba bazisunduze inqaba utshaba, okuhlangana kaloliwe. Ngenxa yoko, ugrogriso iye isusiwe 1st Baltic Front kunye neqela wemikhosi "North" baye baphula ukusuka ezantsi, leyo ababandakanyekayo iflenki yelinye.

Kokurhoxa 4 Army

Emva kokoyiswa nelisemihlubulweni akumzantsi emantla kufuphi Bobruisk kunye Vitebsk baseJamani sabanjwa yoxande. udonga Eastern wabumba Drut River, Western - Berezina. Ukususela ngasentla nangasezantsi aba amajoni Soviet. Ukuya entshona Minsk khona. Leyo ke izithonga ephambili imikhosi Soviet zazijoliswe kweli cala. Ngomhla nelisemihlubulweni of 4 Wezomkhosi okunene akazange abe iqweqwe. Gene. imvelaphi Tippelskirch wayalela iyindawo phesheya Berezina. Ukuze wenze oku, kwafuneka ukuba usebenzise indlela kokungcola Mogilev. Ngokutsho kuphela ibhulorho imikhosi yaseJamani wazama ukuba bafudukele kunxweme asentshona, ezinengxaki ekuhlaseleni umlilo rhoqo moya ukuhlasela. Ngokulawula ukuwela kwafuneka lijongane emapoliseni wamajoni, kodwa wemka lo msebenzi. Ukongeza, kwindawo baba kuzinze esebenzayo. Balala kuhlasela njalo zithuba German. Imeko utshaba wawunzima kukuba xa funneling izabelo kunye yi iqela iindawo ezaphukileyo kwezinye iindawo, kuquka ukuphuma Vitebsk. Kulo mba, kokurhoxa 4 le Army kwaba kade kwaye kunye nelahleko enkulu.

Kwaliwa kwicala elingasezantsi Minsk

In lohlaselo zaye amaqela mobile phambili - vehicles, iiyunithi imishini, owamahashe-imishini. Icandelo Pliev inkqubela akakhawulezi ngokwaneleyo ukuqala Slutsk. Isixeko qela yakhe baphuma ngokuhlwa 29,06. Ngenxa yokuba phambi amaJamani 1st Byelorussian ngaphambili ubunzima ilahleko enkulu, kufuneka ukumelana encinane. Slutsk waziphendulela ezimbaxa 35 th kunye 102 amaqela th. Baye yokulwa. ngoko Pliev yahlasela emihlubulweni ezintathu ngaxeshanye. Le yokuhlasela yimpumelelo, kwaye 11 kusasa 30,06 isixeko yacocwa baseJamani. Ngamacandelo horse-imishini Julayi 2 Pliev wathabatha Shults, wasinqumla iqela umendo kwi emzantsi-mpuma. Sesona sisombululo lwaqhutywa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Lokumelana laba amancinci iqela abadibenanga baseJamani.

Battle for Minsk

Ukuya phambili baqalisa ukufika oovimba yeselula yiJamani. Baye zathathwa ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwiindawo Ukraine. Okokuqala kwafika 5 Panzer Division. Limele olukhulu, kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo, yena phantse akazange inxaxheba ekulweni. Icandelo yafakwa kakuhle, kwaye rearmed ngakumbi nomkhosi 505th enzima. Noko ke, eyona ngongoma ezibuthathaka utshaba apha yaba elihamba. Izilingo okanye ukukhuselwa, okanye abo balahlekelwa kakhulu amaqela. Kwicala ekumntla Minsk wadlula kwidabi kakhulu. Ethwala wathi utshaba phezu Ukuphelisa 295 umatshini Soviet. Noko ke, akuthandabuzeki ukuba nabo ngokwabo baye balahlekelwa ezinzulu. ICandelo 5 lancitshiswa kwiitanki 18 zalahleka zonke "izingwe" 505 nomkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, i-compound waphelelwa ngamandla ayo ukuphembelela ikhondo edabini. Guards we2. Julayi 1st Corps xa wayesiya Minsk. Ahamba-hambe, waphula kuwo umzi ukusuka emantla-ntshona. Ngaxeshanye ngasezantsi weza Rokossovskogo njengebutho evela entla - 5 we Panzer Army, kwaye ukusuka empuma - amaqela edibene iingalo imikhosi. Minsk ukuziphendulela ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Esi sixeko eyonakeleyo yi yiJamani njengokuba kwangethuba 1941. Supplements ebaleka bevuthela izibonelelo.

Kokuwa 4 Army

Wayengqongwe Iqela German, kodwa wazama ukuba atyhudise ukuya ngasentshona. AmaNazi nokuba edabini ngocelemba. Umyalelo we 4th Army, wabaleka ukuya entshonalanga, kangangokuba ulawulo ncam kusetyenziswa endaweni imvelaphi Tippelskirch intloko 12 Army Corps Mueller. Julayi 8-9, uxhathiso waseJamani kwi Minsk 'imbiza' ekugqibeleni baphuke. amanani ukuya ku-12 eyathatha zokucoca: iiyunithi rhoqo, kunye luqalile ukuba bangabi emahlathini kumaqela amancinci yotshaba. Emva kwale mfazwe zivela empumalanga Minsk yaphela.

umlenze yesibini

Emva kokugqitywa kwinqanaba lokuqala "Bagration" (1944), ngokufutshane ethetha, i ubuninzi kucingelwa nomphetho baphumelele. Ngelo xesha umkhosi waseJamani wazama ukubuyisela ngaphambili. Kulo lesibini inqanaba iiyunithi Soviet kwafuneka kulwa amaJamani loovimba. Isikhokelo yomkhosi Wesithathu ngelo xesha kwakukho utshintsho kubasebenzi. Emva kokuba ukugxothwa amaJamani ukusuka Polotsk yaba umsebenzi omtsha phambi Bagramyan. 1st Baltic Front bekufanele ukuba enze yosizi emantla-ntshona, kwicala Daugavpils, kwaye ngasentshona - to Sventsyanam kunye Kaunas. Lwabe ukuba atyhudise, abheke kwiBaltic kunye uxhulumaniso sifana imiyalezo mkhosi "North" ukususela ezinye iingalo Wehrmacht. Emva ukwakha lotshintsho lobeko baqala amadabi ikrakra. butho German kweso baqhubeka lokuhlaselwa zabo. 20,08 Lo mkhankaso baqala Tukums ivela empumalanga, nina ndiniphuthume nasentshonalanga. Ixesha elifutshane, amaJamani likwazile ukubuyisela unxibelelwano phakathi kwezahlulo "Centre" yaye "North". Nangona kunjalo, i-3 ukuhlasela Panzer Army Siauliai akuphumelelanga. Ekupheleni August, ikhefu kwenzeka kule mpi. 1st Baltic Front akugqiba inxalenye yakhe yokusebenza ekhubekisayo "Bagration".