Ingqondo lokugqibela: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Esikhulu (final) ebuchotsheni ngethuba zazivelela wabonakala kamva kunokuba namanye amasebe. ubukhulu kunye nobunzima baso kakhulu ngaphezu kwezinye izahluko. Iphepha iza thaca ifoto yakhe. Ubuchopho bomntu linxulunyaniswa wabonakala kakhulu entsonkothileyo umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni nangokwasengqondweni. Umzimba isakhiwo kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Okulandelayo, cinga isakhiwo ingqondo kunye neenjongo zayo lokugqibela.

isakhiwo

Ukubunjwa isebe ingxelo kuquka amacandelo amabini amakhulu. ikhweyitha yangaphambili eqhagamshelwe omnye komnye ngokusebenzisa I-corpus. Phakathi kwezi ziqwempu azikhuli yavavanywa: arch, ngasemva kunye ngaphambili. Ukuqwalasela isakhiwo lokuphela-ingqondo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo lweHo- kweli sebe. Bakha ventricles osecaleni: ekhohlo ne ekunene. Ngamnye kubo ibekwe ingxenye ahambelanayo. Enye iindonga ventricular kwakhiwa isahlulelo ngaphaya.

ziqwempu

Ikhweyitha ubandakanya eqweqweni phezulu. Lo maleko mba ongwevu, nto leyo ukhandwa luvo iintlobo-50. Phantsi eqweqweni amalungiselelo okuqinileyo emhlophe. It iqulathe imicu myelinated. Abaninzi kubo inxulumanisa ngumonzakalo kunye namanye amaziko ingqondo kunye namasebe. Kumbandela ezimhlophe kukho amaqela obungwevu - le ganglia Uhlobo Lokuqala. Ngu zifaka isiqu ingqondo kunye nokunyuswa thalamus. Ukuze delimit iinxalenye umaleko thalamus esiphakathi kwekhadi emhlophe into ekuthiwa capsule lwangaphakathi. Hemispheric ezahluliweyo kwenye nenye slits longitudinal. Xa kwilungu ngalinye kukho amathathu indawo - yasezantsi; osecaleni kunye medial - elintlangothi kwaye abaninzi: zexeshana, Occipital kunye ngokungqalileyo.

element ubuso isiphuku

Xa kwilungu ngalinye, le nxalenye ingqondo yahlulwe iqhezu ngu ehlola enzulu nemingxuma. Primary ubhekisela ukuyilwa isigxina umzimba. Bona eqalisiweyo osandul kwisigaba (iinyanga ezintlanu). Eyona inkulu ziquka kwiindawo zokubeka longitudinal (ziqwempu ekwabelwana) kunye ezinqamlezayo (esahlula kwiCerebellum ukusuka abane-). Secondary ingakumbi - emfundo ephakamileyo umiselwa seziqingatha ngabanye isiqabu (kokuba kubonwa kwi ifoto). Siqulunqwa Ubuchopho bomntu, hayi nje kuphela kweli thuba siswini. Hi xikombiso, le vee lesibini nelesithathu kwakheka ukuya kwiminyaka 7-8 emva kokuzalwa. Isiqabu, leyo intambo lokugqibela, indawo izakhiwo ezisisigxina kunye gyri enkulu kakhulu abantu efanayo. kwilungu ngalinye ayinabantu ziindawo ezintandathu: i ingqondo, insula, zezomzuzwana, Occipital, Parietal kunye ngokungqalileyo.

ubuso lateral

Telencephalon kule ndawo iquka rolandovu (central) emseleni. Nalo Balahlula Parietal kunye isithinzi ngokungqalileyo. Kwakhona khona phezu Sylvius (osecaleni) emseleni. Ngenxa Parietal kunye ngokungqalileyo yakhe isithinzi bahlukane temporal. Njengoko anteroinferior ummandla umda Occipital kufeza komgca wentelekelelo. Lolo hide kusukwa eliphezulu sulcus Parietal-Occipital. Umgca sibhekiswe ekupheleni esezantsi ikhweyitha. Island (insula) zogqunyiwe iinkalo zezomzuzwana, Parietal nemimandla ngokungqalileyo. Ihlala emseleni osecaleni (a ubunzulu). Okulandelayo ukuya I-corpus kwicala medial kwisabelo limbic ibekwe. It siyahlukana kwezinye iingingqi yi emseleni ibhanti.

Ubuchopho: Anatomy. lobe ngokungqalileyo

Uqulathe eyona nkalo zilandelayo:

• Prednetsentralnaya emseleni. Le gyrus Igama elifanayo ibekwe phakathi kuyo kunye lekhefu central.
• sulcus Frontal (ephezulu ngaphantsi). Esokuqala zohlulwa zayimimandla emithathu: komzila (Orbital), oonxantathu (oonxantathu) opercular (pokryshkovuyu). Phakathi vee kulala gyrus ngokungqalileyo: eliphezulu, asezantsi nalawo aphakathi ukusuka emgangathweni.
• umsele phambi oxwesileyo kunye nesebe inyuka.
• gyrus ngokungqalileyo Medial. Oku abazahlulayo ukusuka cingulate sulcus ingqondo.
• Sakhiwo cingulate.
• Le sulcus Orbital kunye ukuqgiba. Bona ibekwe ecaleni esezantsi nomhlehlo ngokungqalileyo. Xa sulcus ukuqgiba kukho izinto ezifanayo igama: i bulb, nxantathu kunye phecana.
• gyrus ngqo. Igqitha phakathi ekupheleni medial ye-ikhweyitha kunye sulcus ukuqgiba.

uphondo Icipande le ventricle osecaleni ekwafanekisa nomhlehlo ngokungqalileyo.

Tasks iindawo cortical

Ukuqwalasela lo isakhiwo ebuchotsheni yokugqibela kunye nemisebenzi yalo mzimba, kuyimfuneko ukubacacisela umsebenzi amasebe lobe ngokungqalileyo:

• Perednetsentralnaya gyrus. Apha kukho elakha cortical le analyzer iimoto, okanye iziko kinesthetic. Kule zone ongena isixa esithile Imisonto afferent ukusuka thalamus. Bathwala ulwazi proprioceptive evela amalungu kunye nezihlunu. Kule ndawo, baqale esihla esinga umnqonqo kunye buti. Zinika ithuba ukuqonda ulawulo lweentshukumo. Ukuba isiphelo-ingqondo uya yonakele kule ndawo, kuza ukushwabana icala lomzimba.
• Eyesithathu elingasemva gyrus ngokungqalileyo aphakathi. Nantsi ke embindini igrafu (unobumba) kunye nabalinganiswa associative ndawo.
• Eyesithathu asemva gyrus ngokungqalileyo asezantsi. Le ndawo ke iziko-Speech.
• I-avareji kunye wesithathu ngaphambili inxalenye avareji, engasentla asezantsi gyrus ngokungqalileyo. Kule ndawo kukho indawo akudala cortical associative. Athwala iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo izinto ezintsonkothileyo zokuziphatha. Izowuni ye ngokungqalileyo gyrus medial kwaye ipali ngokungqalileyo enxulumene nokulawulwa sites emotiogenic zibandakanyiwe ingqondo. Le ndawo kunxulumene kolawulo imvelaphi ngokwasengqondweni iimvakalelo.
• SobuKristu avareji gyrus ngokungqalileyo. Kukho endaweni ka ujikelezo odityanisiweyo yamehlo nentloko.

lobe Parietal

Siyafana kummandla phakathi ventricle osecaleni. Telencephalon kule ndawo iquka gyrus postcentral kwaye emqeleni Parietal lobule - phezulu nasezantsi. Unobangela nomhlehlo Parietal udlula precuneus. Isakhiwo ziza nezazo eka interparietal. Kule gyrus engezansi ibekwe - emboxo kunye supramarginal macetyana isabelo paracentral.

Tasks iindawo cortical kwi nomhlehlo Parietal

Ichaza ubume ebuchotsheni ngeyona umsebenzi kwesi sakhiwo kufuneka zabelwe amaziko afana:

• Kwelivi Front Uvakalelo lulonke. Eli ziko ke analyzer eluswini kunye amaxolo lungeniswe gyrus postcentral.
• Kwelivi icandelo circuit umzimba. Siyafana ngohlangothi sulcus intraparietal.
• Enxulumene kwisebe "stereognosis". Yena bubonakaliswe kernel analyzer (eluswini) ingqalelo yezinto Ngokucofa. Eli ziko ekwafanekisa le uqweqwe esisemantla uqabe isithinzi Parietal.
• isebe ezinxulumene "Prax." Eli ziko owenza umsebenzi kuhlalutywa iintshukumo yesiqhelo obunenjongo. Siyafana ukuba uthinte gyrus supramarginal.
• intetho ezokunxulumana enombala owahlukileyo imele oonobumba analyzer - embindini iimpawu. Le ndawo ekwafanekisa le gyrus emboxo le uthinte.

Ubuchopho: Anatomy. lobe okubangwa

Ngecala osecaleni kulala vee ezimbini: ezisezantsi neziphezulu. Bona, kunye gyrus kumda osecaleni. Umphezulu ezantsi nomhlehlo zexeshana umda ngokucacileyo ukuba eyahlula ngasemva, angekhoyo. Ehlabathini gyrus zeelwimi yi occipitotemporal. Ukusuka singasentla lelona kwindawo ingqondo yakho njengesiqinisekiso sulcus, kwaye osisi - Occipital zexeshana. Isabelo elivumelana uphondo esezantsi ventricle osecaleni.

Tasks iindawo cortical kwi nomhlehlo temporal

• Xa isabelo phakathi convolutions langaphezulu kwicala ayo aphezulu, siyahlukana cortical analyzer eziviwayo. Eyesithathu elingasemva gyrus iquka indawo intetho eziviwayo. Xa kukho umdlali olimeleyo kwindawo yamagama isithethi zibonwa nje ingxolo.
• Ummandla ophantsi phakathi convolutions iqulethe iziko cortical le analyzer vestibular. Ukuba kuthe kwaphulwa umsebenzi lokugqibela ingqondo, balahlekelwe ukukwazi ukugcina kwemithwalo umile, ukunciphisa uvakalelo ye-apparatus vestibular.

island

Lo myinge lunqongophele emseleni osecaleni circumferential. Yezizathu kule ndawo nokusebenza kwengqondo ziboniswa ekuhlalutyeni gustatory kunye ukushukumisa ukuqgiba. Ukongeza, kummandla ingxaki isenokuba ukuquka imbono intetho eziviwayo kunye processing ulwazi somatosensory.

share limbic

Le ndawo ibekwe phezu medial ye zifaka nedumbe lengqondo. Liquka ibhanti, parahippocampal kunye gyrus dentate, zirhuqwe. Njengenxenye imida isabelo wabathetheli sulcus le I-corpus. Yena, idle, eshenxela lekhefu le Hippocampus. Phantsi kwale groove, ke, xa kwisisu nizhnerogovoy le ventricle osecaleni yi gyrus. On top of the lekhefu kwi I-corpus kukho omnye umda. Le line - ibhanti groove - esahlula gyrus cingulate, esahlula Parietal kunye ngokungqalileyo uqabe isithinzi le ingqondo. Ne siqwenga cingulate ongena parahippocampal. Le yokugqibela iphela ngentola.

iinjongo zesebe

Parahippocampal kunye cingulate zinxulumene ngqo ingqondo. ukusebenza kwengqondo kule ndawo ezinxulumene nolawulo kweempendulo ezintsonkothileyo ngokwasengqondweni ekufundeni ngokwasemphefumlweni, esimilweni yawo kwizinto yokusingqongileyo. indawo Parahippocampal kunye umlobothi ziquka kummandla cortical le ukuqgiba kunye analyzer gustatory. Kulo mzekelo, i-Hippocampus lu dityanisiwe ukukwazi ukufunda, oko limisela ezisebenza ixesha elide kunye nenkumbulo elifutshane elide.

indawo Occipital

Ngecala osecaleni kulele eka ezinqamlezayo. Inxalenye medial ye nesinqumka apho. Emva imida calcarine yayo, naphambi - le Parietal-Occipital sulcus. Kwakhona phezu isabelo medial of gyrus zeelwimi eyabelwe. Ukusuka singasentla calcarine olungephi, nangaphantsi - sulcus akananto. lobe Occipital ekwafanekisa le ngomva uphondo ventricle osecaleni.

Amasebe ndawo Occipital

Kule zone, amaziko ekwanti ezifana:

• kwelivi Visual. Esi sigaba ibekwe kwi uthinte, nto leyo enciphisa ifolo calcarine.
• iliso ezokunxulumana. Eliziko ibekwe kwi amaphiko isabelo uthinte.

into emhlophe

It imelwe ngokohlobo imicu ezininzi. Zahlula ngokwamaqela amathathu:

• Zibalo. Olu didi imelwe iziqhuma zabo kwimicu efferent kunye afferent. Ngabo kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaziko projektha kunye Isiqu carcinomas nuclei lialio.
• Ziyangquzulana. Ezi Imicu zinika ambaxa iziza cortical ngaphakathi ikhweyitha enye. Zahlula-hlulwe elifutshane elide.
• Commissural. Ezi zinto Jikela zone cortical zifaka esahlukileyo. Iziseko Commissural zezi: I-, commissure sobuKristu kunye commissure ngomva kunye egumbini.

kuqweqwe

ingxenye enkulu yayo ibandakanya kwentliziyi. Oku "Ixolo entsha", nto leyo kakhulu filogeneticheki ukusekwa kwengqondo emva kwexesha. Kwentliziyi kungathatha malunga 95.9% bobume. Intsalela ingqondo kubonakala:

• ixolo Old - arhiokorteksa. Le ise nomhlehlo zexeshana ekuthiwa Amon uphondo, okanye Hippocampus.
• uqweqwe yaMandulo - paleocortex. Le ukubunjwa ithatha indawo kwi nomhlehlo ngokungqalileyo kufutshane ibhalbhu ukuqgiba.
• Mezokorteksa. Le ndawo encinane ezikufutshane paleocortex.

uqweqwe Old kwaye yamandulo lomqolo kubonakala kwangoko kunabanye. Ngokuseka ukuba isakhiwo lwangaphakathi abangekaphuhli kakhulu.