Ingxenye Social. Abameli kwezakhi lwentlalo

Igama elithi "maleko zentlalo" wabonakala kwinkulungwane XX. Ezi yunithi zihlangana iinkokeli abantu kunye ezithile iimpawu kunye neempawu.

iiklasi Social kunye nezigaba

Xa science, i zentlalo Ingaphandle njengesixhobo ezithile ngokwezinga - ukwahlulwa kuluntu ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Le izazinzulu ngxaki ziye bafunda ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ingxenye loluntu njengengqiqo kwavela ngenkulungwane XX. Ngaphambi koko, ezinye iiyunithi sabaphathi ukuba eqhelekileyo - of nangokodidi ekuhlaleni.

Kwinkulungwane XIX kwaba ithiyori ithandwayo iiklasi zentlalo. Le nto ke kuqala uphando uAdam Smit noDavid Ricardo - zoqobo kwezoqoqosho. theory Class kuphuhliswa kakhulu ngokupheleleyo yaye wavula sisazinzulu waseJamani uKarl Marks. Ingxenye lwentlalo Modern bamkela ezinye iimpawu yokufundisa kwakhe.

division Dichotomous emphakathini

Kwamaqela asekuhlaleni luphawulwa ukuhlelwa iimpawu eziliqela ocacisa. Le ubutyebi, igunya, imfundo, iiholide ukutyiwa. Ezi zikhombisi iimpawu wokungalingani kunye umsantsa phakathi kwamalungu ahlukeneyo oluntu.

Kukho iindlela eziliqela kwisahlulo labemi ibe zikhabane. I elula ingcamango dichotomy - i-mbini kuluntu. Ngokwalo mbono, uluntu wahlulwe kwi kwinginginya kunye nabaphetheyo. Okukodwa onjalo ingakumbi uphawu ephucuke kakhulu. Bona ethi ukungalingani kwezentlalo kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, kuluntu ezinjalo kukho ngokuphathelele le ebizwa ngokuba "ukuzinikela" - ababingeleli, iintloko okanye abadala. impucuko Modern kwiziseko zentlalo ezifana wala.

iinkokeli

Ngokutsho mihla ezithile ngokwezinga, kwezentlalo elime oluntu abe zibonisa imeko ethile, ethi ihlanganise abantu. Phakathi kwazo kukho ingqiqo unxibelelwano yaye bobakhe eluntwini. Kulo mzekelo, izikhombisi umaleko kuphela uqikelelo "ngcono - mbi" okanye "ngaphezulu - ngaphantsi".

Ngokomzekelo, xa sithetha ngayo imfundo, abantu bohlulwa esikolweni ngasekhohlo okanye eyunivesithi. unxulumano ezinjalo ungaqhubeka uthetha ingeniso okanye umsebenzi uphuhliso ngamnye. Ngamanye amazwi, Ingxenye ekuhlaleni kufuneka lwemigangatho engqongqo nkqo. Olu hlobo yephiramidi phezu kuzo "best". Ukuba, umzekelo, uthelekise iifeni ngaske kunye nabathandi iintsomi, akayi kuba nkqo, kodwa zilaliswe umahluko zabo. loo maqela ngaphakathi kwinkcazelo iyaxela loluntu aniyi kuzigqubuthela.

Ingcamango status

Iindidi iphambili kwithiyori kweeklasi zentlalo imeko. Ukuba kubaluleke ezingundoqo ezithile ngokwezinga mihla. Ingxenye zentlalo yangoku zahlukile kwiiklasi yenkulungwane XIX ngenxa yokuba lo mntu ukuze ebomini ayimiselwanga ebotshelelwe naliphi iqela. Njani Ikhangeleka ufundisa? Umzekelo, ukuba inkwenkwe wazalelwa kwintsapho elinengeniso esezantsi, kodwa wayengumfundi elungileyo kunye ngoncedo iitalente bakhe bakwazi ukufikelela ubume umsebenzi omkhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo selephumile umaleko omnye komnye.

Isimo kubonisa ukuba umntu uthetha kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile. Ukuba siyahambelana ilungu ubuchule uluntu ukuba kudliwe, ukuvelisa iimveliso. Kuba isimo, kwaye yiyo loo nto kuba umaleko kwezentlalo kubalulekile ukuba ukuhlonipha esekwe njenge eqhelekileyo yobomi.

Welfare ne Labour

Nangemiqondiso, yahlulwe ngabameli kwamaqela asekuhlaleni, zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela eziliqela. Umzekelo, ukuba edibene imeko yezoqoqosho yomntu. Eli qela libandakanya ubukho kwipropati yabucala, ubukhulu, kunye neendidi yengeniso. Ngokubanzi, le miqondiso linokuchazwa nomgangatho kakuhle-ntle eziphathekayo. Ngokwale njengenqobo yokugweba, ukuba yabelwa layers kakuhle medium amahlwempu natyebileyo. Unako bathi umzekelo kubasebenzi abakwinqanaba eliphantsi abahlawulwa eliphezulu kuhlawulwa abahlala kwiindawo zoluntu, abanini propati, njalo njalo nje. D.

Ingcamango kwiklasi lwentlalo kuchaphazela le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa division of labour. Kule zabefundisi, sithetha izakhono zoluntu kunye noqeqesho. LezeMisebenzi yahlukile ukuba isicelo ngasinye, yaye kule umahluko kuboniswa enye umaleko lwentlalo. Umzekelo, ungakhetha abasebenzi abaqeshwe kwezolimo, kushishino, icandelo inkonzo njalo njalo. D.

Power kunye nempembelelo

Akukho kangako ezibalulekileyo iinkokeli igunya. Bona kumiselwa amathuba umntu nempembelelo kwabanye. Umthombo ezi zakhono zibe wayebambe izikhundla eziphezulu okanye abanokwazi ezibalulekileyo zentlalo. Kulo zabefundisi, ungakhetha abasebenzi irenki lefayile abaphathi lweshishini kamasipala amashishini amancinane okanye, umzekelo, iinkokheli karhulumente.

Xa iimpawu iqela elahlukileyo eyabelwe iphembelela ukuthembeka nodumo. Kulo mzekelo, inendima ebalulekile uvavanyo indima kwabanye. Eli nani ayikwazi kuba njongo, ngoko kunzima kakhulu ukuba umlinganiselo kwaye zibonisa ezinye imida. Ngokutsho kulo msebenzi, uyakwazi ukuchonga iinkokheli sikweni, ezaziwayo-kakuhle amanani yenkcubeko, abameli abakhethiweyo karhulumente, njalo-njalo. N.

iimpawu zamabanga

Siye ezichazwe ngentla iimpawu ezingundoqo, njengoko apho wakha ezithile ngokwezinga mihla yoluntu. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwezi, kukho kwakhona ziimpawu eziziisekondari. They are yeyonanto, kodwa kuchaphazela indawo ngamnye kwiqela elinegunya lulonke. Oko kukuthi, naziphi amaqela asekuhlaleni zikhona ekuhlaleni ukuya ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, loo nto ayithethi ngokungqalileyo ixhomekeke kwezi mpawu. uphawu ezincedisayo yabo.

uphawu Ethnonational kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuchaphazela indawo komntu xa shiyana. Kumazwe ezahlukahlukeneyo, olu phawu akunamsebenzi. Kwangaxeshanye, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kukho kuninzi lwamazwe apho kukho mood yesizwe endala. Kuluntu ezinjalo ngoweqela Lendlela Yeqela uhlanga nabanye abantu kusenokuba yayibaluleke ekumiseleni ukuhlelwa umntu kudidi lwentlalo ethile.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinjalo - ukuba isini kunye nobudala, imikhwa zenkolo kunye nezenkcubeko umntu. ukusebenza kwabo aggregate kwi kwisangqa entlalo yomntu ngamnye kunye iimfanelo zakhe. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ngumqondiso anxulumene nendawo yokuhlala. Kule meko ubukhulu becala umbuzo umahluko omkhulu phakathi baloo dolophu balana.

Abantu yokuba kuthiwe othile ekuhlaleni

Ilungu iqela elithile eluntwini ixhomekeke kwiimpawu ezithile kunye nofakelo yabantu kwengqondo. Kolu ngcelele, izazi ziye isikhundla litheni eluntwini. Kukho abantu abangaphangeliyo ngaphandle indawo esisigxina yokuhlala, iimbacu. Kwezinye iindawo, lingakwazi zingavulwa umhlala abakuphila iimeko mbi kakhulu xa lulonke. Ezo umsantsa kwezentlalo kwenzeka kumazwe apho kukho urhulumente kukungakhathali. Ukuba abasemagunyeni akakwazi ukunika iimpawu zoluntu ezisisiseko ubomi obutofotofo, anjalo kulo abaziindlodlo ziya kuba ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha.

isimo esithile apho yaye abantu yokuziphatha komthetho. Yokuba abemi abaye enetyala ngenxa yezono zabo. Ezi zibandakanya abameli zehlabathi mthetho, abantu bavalelwe ezintolongweni kunye namanye amaziko oluleko. Abantu abazifumana kwiqela ebekiwe okanye lolwaphulo-mthetho, njengoko umthetho, abanakho ngokunokwabo zabo sikhwele esiphezulu okanye yaye akazange afune nto.