I Lorenz kwigophe kunye nendima yayo kuqoqosho

I Lorenz kwigophe le igrafu ebonisa indlela ekhoyo kushishino nokungalingani kuluntu ekwabelaneni nobutyebi.

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngasekupheleni - kwenkulungwane yama-20, ukungalingani kwengeniso iye sasingumba yophando abezoqoqosho abaninzi ephambili eNtshona Yurophu eMelika. Ingxaki engundoqo yophononongo ke ukuvavanywa ngempumelelo kunye engadlel lonikezelo ubutyebi kunye nengeniso, egqubayo kuqoqosho emarikeni. Ngowe-1905, maks Lorents, waseMelika eThintelweyo, livelise indlela yalo uvavanyo lonikezelo yengeniso, leyo yaziwa ngokuba "Lorenz igophe".

Kule grafu kule x-axis limele umyinge wabantu njengepesenti yenani lilonke, kwaye iasi eme nkqo - isabelo semali njengepesenti engenayo iyonke. Le grafu ibonisa ukuba xa uluntu kusoloko kukho ukungalingani kwengeniso. Umzekelo, i-20% yabemi kufumana% 5 kuphela yengeniso, 30% yabantu - 10% yengeniso, 50% - 25% yengeniso, njalo-njalo. I Lorenz curve ibonisa isabelo somvuzo kungayanyaniswa amaqela ahlukeneyo abantu, uMenzi ubungakanani kwingeniso onesiphumo.

Xa kunjalo, ukuba iqatshelwe kuluntu kulwabiwo efanayo yengeniso, ngoko kwigophe bekuya kuba umgca othe ngqo (bisector le engile phakathi ongu abscissa kunye axis kwemisebenzi). Lo mgca kuthiwa ukulingana epheleleyo. ukulingana Absolute kunokwenzeka kuphela theory. Le umgca ibonisa ukuba nayiphi na ipesenti ethile iintsapho zifumana ipesenti olufanelekileyo yengeniso. Oko kukuthi, ukuba-20%, 50%, 70% yabantu ziya kufumana ngokulandelelanayo-20%, 50%, 70% yengeniso epheleleyo, lo gama amanqaku ahambelanayo akhiwe kwi bisector. Kwaye kulo mzekelo, xa ingeniso yonke nge-1% yabantu, ngoko igrafu simi uza kuboniswa umgca nkqo - ukungalingani epheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, igophe Lorenz ikuvumela ukuba uthelekise ukusasazwa ingeniso phakathi kwamaqela ngeentlanga okanye yamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Ngokusekelwe kule grafu wabonisa Gini ingumlingani. Ngenxa yoko, igophe Lorenz kunye Gini ngokusondeleyo zihlobene.

I-Gini luphawu ubungakanani iqondo ukungalingani kwengeniso iinketho ezahlukeneyo. Le lomlingani waphuhliswa Korrado Dzhini, i-Italian yezoqoqosho, demographer kunye eThintelweyo.

Ingeniso ngaphantsi ababiwa, nibhalelana Gini kumanyano. Unit elihambelana eligqibeleleyo ukungalingani. Ngako oko, ukwabiwa efanayo ngakumbi, umlinganiselo iya kuba kufutshane ku nothi. Zero ingqamana ukulingana ngokupheleleyo. Inkqubo iintlawulo zokudluliselwa kwaye irhafu okuqhubekayo angasindisa kumgca ukusasazwa ukulingana epheleleyo. Njengoko amava kumazwe, kunye nexesha kulwabiwo wokungalingani yengeniso lifinyele.

Enye ngenye asetyenziswa rhoqo zokusasaza yengeniso zabemi ngumlingani decile. Ibonisa umlinganiselo phakathi ingeniso umyinge ekhulwini ezilishumi wenani labemi kakhulu kuhlawulwa kakhulu kunye nengeniso avareji ezilishumi pesenti nelungelo ubuncinane.

Kuba Russian uqoqosho yenguqu ye ekupheleni koo waphawulwa wanda ekwandiseni ukungalingani kwengeniso. Ngasekupheleni 1991, inani elikhoyo decile waba 5.4, ngowe-1995 oko waphakama ku 13.4, yaye ngo-1998 - ku-13.5. I-Gini lanyuka ukuya 0,376 ngo-1998 ukuya 0,256 ngo-1991 I-umahluko yeengeniso, ngokuqhelekileyo sikhatshwe umahluko kwimivuzo phakathi kwabasebenzi kumashishini ezithile kunye nemisebenzi. kuphakanyiswa Interprofessional kunye namacandelo lwamanqanaba ukuhlawulwa rhwebo ubonisa umsebenzi luncedo ekuhlaleni, lo benchmark zengqesho kunye noqeqesho.