Inkqubo zeNkundla. Ukuphunyezwa ngabaxhasi

Ngokwe-Art. I-CCP inkqubo yokugweba ijoliswe kwixesha elifanelekileyo kunye neengcinga kunye nokusombulula iingxabano zokukhusela iimfuno eziphikisanayo okanye ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu, imibutho, iRussia Federation kunye nabaphathi bayo, oomasipala, amagosa abandakanyekayo kubasebenzi, imibutho yoluntu kunye nolunye ulwalamano olusemthethweni. Makhe siqwalasele eli ziko ngokungakumbi.

Ukwahlula

Uluhlu lweenkqubo zomthetho luchongiwe liqela elisezantsi lamatyala. Kwiqela ngalinye, iindlela ezizimeleyo kunye nezindlela zokukhusela iimfuno kunye namalungelo kucatshangelwa. Ngokuhambelana nale nto, iinkalo ezithile zeenkqubo zichongiwe. Inkundla inokuthi:

1. Ukunyanzeliswa. Injongo yokuxazulula iingxabano phakathi kwabantu abathile kwimibandela yamalungelo kunye nemisebenzi yabo.
2. Lawulo. Yenziwe kwiimeko ezivela kwiintlalontle zoluntu.
3. Prikaznym. Inkundla enjalo ikwabizwa ngokuba yenziwe lula. Isekelwe ebubungeni obungenakuphikiswa.
4. Ezizodwa. Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo akukho mpikiswano ngamalungelo.

Izixhobo

Inkqubo yenkundla yezogwebo inempawu ezithile. Umthetho unikezela ngamanyathelo athile enkqubo. Inkqubo yezobugwebo, eqinisweni, ibonisa ukunyuswa kwimeko kumzimba ogunyazisiweyo. Kuquka isethi ethile yeesigaba sokuqwalaselwa kunye nesigqibo esilandelayo. Isigaba semveliso siyinxalenye ethile, isethi yezenzo kunye nezenzo ezijoliswe ekufezeni imisebenzi kunye nokufezekisa iinjongo zokusebenza kwenkqubo yokugweba. Isifundo esithile sithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo, amaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo, amanyathelo amaninzi ayenziwa, iifom zifakwe. Amanyathelo enkqubo yokugweba inokulandelana ngokuthe ngqo. Utshintsho kwisigaba esilandelayo luyakwenzeka kuphela emva kokugqitywa kwexesha elidlulileyo.

Amanqanaba

Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo (zemveli) ziquka:

1. Ukuqaliswa kweenkqubo zetyala.
2. Lungiselela ityala lokulinga.
3. Ukuqwalaselwa kwengxabano.
4. Imveliso yezibheno. Kuvunyelwe zizigqibo zamagumbi okuqala angenanga ukusebenza.
5. Inkqubo yeCassation. Kuqhutyelwa kwizigqibo eziye zaqala ukusebenza, ngaphandle kwezigqibo zeMikhosi.
6. IiNkqubo zoBulungisa kunye noLawulo.

Umthetho uphinde unikezele ngamanyathelo athile. Ziquka:

1. Inkqubo yolawulo. Kuqhutyelwa malunga nezigqibo ezisebenzayo.
2. Ukuphononongwa kwimeko malunga neemeko ezintsha okanye ezitsha zifumene. Uyavunyelwa ngokubhekiselele kwizigwebo ezenziwe.

Ukwamukelwa kwesicelo sokuqwalaselwa

Izinyathelo zeNkundla ziqala ngokusetyenziswa komntu onamalungelo akhe, ngokwembono yakhe, aphulwa, kumzimba ogunyazisiweyo. Isicelo sakhe senziwe ngokubhaliweyo. I-GIC isetha iimfuno ezithile zokuguqulwa. Umntu onomdla angathumela isicelo ngeposi okanye angenise eofisini ngomntu. Iigqeba zenkqubo yokugweba zinyanzelekile ukuqinisekisa ubungqina besibheno. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zalo mgaqo, kwenziwa isigqibo malunga nokuba uyamkela isicelo okanye wenqabe ukwenza njalo.

Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo

Ukuba isicelo senziwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomthetho, iqela elilandelayo lemveliso liqala. Ukulungiselela ukuqwalaselwa kwimeko kulawulwa nguCh. 14 GPC. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isisombululo esiphezulu nesisemthethweni sempikiswano. Kule nqanaba ijaji:

1. Icacisa zonke iimeko zobudlelwane bomthetho.
2. Ibonisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bafuna ukungenisa izinto ezongezelelweyo, bancedise ekufumaneni amaphepha afanelekileyo.
3. Uchaza ukubunjwa kwezifundo zenkqubo.
4. Kuthatha amanyathelo okudibanisa amaqela.

Ekupheleni kwesigaba, kwenziwa isigqibo malunga nokuqeshwa kwecala kwintetho.

Iinkqubo

Isigaba sesithathu semveliso silawulwa nguCh. 15 GPC. Iimeko zivame ukuvalelwa kwiseshoni evulekile. Icala lihlolwe ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo ezifakiwe. Ngexesha lokuvalelwa, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo bathetha, phendula imibuzo yejaji. Kwezinye iimeko, iintlanganiso zinokuhlehliswa, umntu ogunyazisiweyo unelungelo lokutyumba amanyathelo angaphezulu (umzekelo, ubuchule). Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zesigaba sesithathu, isigqibo senziwe ukunelisa (inxalenye / epheleleyo) amabango omenzi wesicelo okanye ukwenqaba ukwenjenjalo.

Isibheno

Ukwenza isigqibo malunga neemeko ezihlolwayo akubonakalisi ukupheliswa kweenkqubo. Inyaniso kukuba omnye okanye omnye inxaxheba kule nkqubo akavumelekanga nesisombululo esisamkelweyo. Umthetho kwiimeko ezinjalo uvumela isibheno kwisigqibo esithathwayo kude singenakusebenza. Isibheno, ngokuhambelana no-Art. 320 ГПК, ingahambisa:

1. Abathathi-nxaxheba kunye nabanye abantu abanomdla kwisiphumo senkqubo.
2. Umtshutshisi, ukuba uthe waqwalaselwa.
3. Abadlali abangekho ngaphandle abazange bathathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo, kodwa umba wabo wemisebenzi kunye namalungelo asisombululo ngexesha le nkqubo.

INkundla yoCwaso

Umthetho uvumela izibheno kunye nezigqibo eziye zaqala ukusebenza, ngaphandle kwezenzo zeeMpi. Kuqhutyelwa ngocalulo. Ilungelo lokubhena lilawulwa ngu:

1. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo.
2. Izifundo zenkampani yesithathu, ukuba iimfuno kunye namalungelo abo athatyathwe isigqibo.
3. Abaqeshwa bencwadi yomtshutshisi, echazwe kwi-Art. 377 GPC.

Izibheno malunga nezigqibo ziyavunyelwa zingangeenyanga ezintandathu ukususela ngomhla wokungena kwawo.

Inkqubo yolawulo

Ilawulwa nguCh. 41.1 CCP. Kwinkqubo yokuphononongwa ngongqinisiso, izigqibo kwizikhalazo ezenzileyo zihlolwe:

1. Abathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo.
2. Ezinye izifundo ezithandwayo, inkululeko kunye namalungelo athatyathwa isigwebo.

Ephakamileyo

Umthetho unikezela ithuba lokuhlaziywa kwimeko kwiimeko ezintsha okanye ezitsha zifumene. Le nkqubo isebenza kwiingxabano, isigqibo esasetyenziswayo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwesicelo kwenziwa yinkantolo enye eya kugweba. Ukuphononongwa kweziganeko ezintsha / ezitsha zifunyenwe zezibheno, i-cassation, izenzo zongamela, ezatshintshiweyo okanye ezithatyathwe ngenye indlela, zenziwa ligunya elidlulisele isigqibo esitsha okanye satshintsha isigqibo esandulelayo.

Iinkqubo zoLwaphulo-mthetho

Isakhiwo salo sihluke kakhulu kwinkqubo echazwe ngasentla. Isigaba sokuqala senkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho kubandakanya uphando lokuqala. Iquka ukujonga iingxelo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho, ukusetyenziswa kwezenzo zokusebenza-uphando, ukuqaliswa kwetyala, ukubiza abantu ukuphanda imibuzo kunye neminye imiqathango yenkqubo. Zonke zijoliswe ekumiseni iimeko zeso siganeko, ubuqu babathathi-nxaxheba, ukubandakanyeka kwabantu njengabantu abasolwayo.

Ekhethekileyo

Isetyenziswe kwiimeko ezinqunywe ngumthetho. Ngokukodwa, umyalelo okhethekileyo uyasebenza:

1. Xa usenza isigqibo malunga nemvume yomntu onetyala ngokumelene naye.
2. Ukuqwalaselwa kwimeko ngoxolo loxolo.
3. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwi-trial trial.

Iinkcukacha zeCCP

Umthetho wenkqubo unikezela ngeenombolo zeziqinisekiso kubathathi-nxaxheba kwimeko. Okokuqala, ukuzingelwa kokungabamsulwa kusekwa yimimiselo . Kuthetha ukuba akukho namnye onokuziphendulela de kube ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kulwaphulo-mthetho kubonakaliswe. I-CCP ichaza nezinye iziqinisekiso ezongezelelweyo kubathathi-nxaxheba kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa amalungelo abo. Ngoko, umzekelo, unikezelwa kwimveliso kwinkantolo yesibini kunye nesithathu (kwisibheno kunye nee-cassation orders). Amanqanaba avumele ukuhlaziywa kwezigqibo ezisebenzayo, ukuqaliswa kweenkqubo kwizinto ezintsha okanye ezifunyenweyo.

IiNkqubo zoBulungisa kunye noLawulo

Isebenza njengenqanaba lokugqibela leenkqubo ezininzi. Ukuqhutywa kwemveliso ngabaxhasi bahlala behamba neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Abemi abaninzi abaphumelele amatyala bafuna uncedo olusemthethweni olufanelekileyo ukuphumeza isigqibo. Kwisakhelo seenkqubo zokunyanzeliswa:

1. Isicelo silungiselelwe kwaye sifakwe kwi-FSSP.
2. I-IL idluliselwe kwizakhiwo ezigunyazisiweyo.
3. Izicelo zenziwe ukuthathwa kwepropati yabatyala.
4. Ukugcinwa kwemilinganiselo, ukugcinwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwemisebenzi kwenziwa.
5. Izindlela zomthetho zokuthintela ukurhoxiswa kweempahla okanye ukuziphatha kwebhanki yokukhohlisa zisetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, iakhawunti zetyala zinqabile.

Imisebenzi

Imveliso yabaxhasi baquka iinkqubo eziliqela. Okokuqala, emva kokuwamkela amaxwebhu avela kummangali womntu, umboleki unikwa umda wexesha apho angenza ngokuzithandela isigqibo. Ukuba izenzo ezifanelekileyo azithathiwe, isigaba sokunyanzeliswa kwemveliso siqala. Abasebenzi be-FSSP banelungelo lokusebenzisa iindlela ezinikezelwe ngumthetho. Ziquka:

1. Ukukhutshwa kwepropati.
2. Ukugcinwa kwengxenye yengeniso (umvuzo, ipenshini, i-scholarship kunye neminye ingeniso).
3. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ezinqunywe isigqibo somntu onetyala lokutshintshela ngokulandelayo kumbuyisi.
4. Ukunyuswa kwemali kunye nepropati efunyenwe ngabanye abantu ukusuka kumntu onyanzelekileyo.
5. Amanye amanyathelo amiselwe kumthetho kwaye anikezelwe isigqibo sokwahlulela.

Imizuzu

Kwiimeko ezininzi kukho iimeko ezikhubaza ukuphunyezwa kwesigqibo senkundla. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuvunyelwe ukuba ufake isicelo secebo lokufakelwa okanye ukuhlehliswa. Eli lungelo linokusetyenziswa ngumntu onetyala, ukuba liyakwazi ukulungelelanisa isidingo sokusetyenziswa kwalo. Ngokwenza oko, kuvunyelwe ukutshintsha indlela kunye nemigqaliselo yokuphunyezwa kwesisombululo. Le nyathelo kufuneka ikhuthazwe. Xa iinkqubo zipheliswa phambi kokuba umboleki ahlawule ngokupheleleyo iimbopheleleko zalo kumaxwebhu kwimeko, kufakwe uphawu oluhambelanayo. Izinto ziyakuthunyelwa kumgwebo okanye omnye umzi ogunyazisiweyo owamkhuphayo. Kule meko, amanyathelo athatyathwe ngaphambili aphantsi kokucinywa. Umthetho awuvumeli ukuqaliswa kokuveliswa kwangaphambili.

Iinkalo zobungqina

Xa ufaka isicelo kwinkundla, ummangalelwa kufuneka aqikelele isikhundla sakhe. Ngenxa yoko, akafunekanga kuphela ukubhekisela kwimithetho yomthetho kwidilesi yakhe, kodwa nokubonelela ubungqina bokwephula umthetho ngamalungelo kunye neemfuno zakhe. Njengesiqinisekiso, amaxwebhu ahlukeneyo angenza. Ngokomzekelo, ingaba yintrakthi yempawu zomthetho, apho iimeko ezigqityiweyo zetyala, amaphepha okulungisa, njl., Zibhaliswe. Ummangalelwa naye unelungelo lokungenisa izinto ezikhanyela ukubhaliswa kwamabango ommangali. Bobabini abathathi-nxaxheba banokufaka isicelo sokubandakanyeka kwamangqina, iingcali kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngokubhekiselele kumatyala olwaphulo-mthetho, umthwalo wobubungqina uphathelene nokutshutshiswa. Umelelwe kwintetho yomtshutshisi. Ummangalelwa naye unelungelo lokuzisa ummeli ukukhusela amalungelo akhe. Ukunyanzeliswa kwezivakalisi kukuphunyezwa kwezohlwayo ezinikezelwe kwiCandelo loPhulo-mthetho. Zingaba zihlawulwe, zibanjwe, ziphoqelelwe, zilungiswe okanye ziphoqelelwe, ziboshwe. Ukongezelela, umyalelo unika ithuba lokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela zokunyanzelisa. Umzekelo, kunokubeka umntu kwiziko lempilo ukuze unyango lweengxaki zengqondo, ukuthunyelwa kwiziko lemfundo ekhethekileyo. Oku kulandelayo kubhekisela kubaphulaphuli abaselula.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yezobugwebo, ekubeni yindlela echanekileyo yomthetho yokukhusela imicimbi yoluntu, inkululeko kunye namalungelo, zenziwa ngocwangco oluchanekileyo. Amalungiselelo enkcazo yeenkqubo zilawula ngokucacileyo zonke izenzo zamagosa ukuze kuphephe ukugqithisa igunya labo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqokelela ubungqina kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela ngeendlela ezisemthethweni. Xa kwenzeka ukuphulwa kwemimiselo yemigangatho, izinto ezifunyenweyo, nokuba zibonisa ngqo ityala lomntu, aziyi kwamkelwa yinkundla.