Zingaphi iipesenti zamanzi emhlabeni? I-hydrosphere yomhlaba kunye nezinye izinto

Amanzi adlala indima ekhethekileyo ekugcineni umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwanoma yimuphi umzimba. Le nkunkuma inokumelwa kwiindawo ezintathu eziqinileyo: eziqinile, ezimanzi kunye negalelo. Kodwa kungumbane oyingqongileyo yangaphakathi yomzimba kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yokuba Nantsi yonke into eyenziwa yi-biochemical is ayenzeka, kwaye kukho kuyo zonke izakhiwo zeseli zikhoyo.

Zingaphi ipesenti amanzi emhlabathini?

Ngokomlinganiselo othile, malunga nama-71% omhlaba wonke womhlaba amanzi. Imelelwe ngamanxweme, imilambo, ulwandle, amachibi, iindwendwe, i-icebergs. Ngokwahlukileyo, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba athatyathwa , kunye nombini womoya womoya.

Konke oku, kuphela ama-3% ngamanzi amnandi. Uninzi lwalo lulunxweme lwe-icebergs, kunye nemilambo namachibi kumazwekazi. Ngoko ke mangaphi amaphesenti wamanzi eMhlabeni akwizilwandle nolwandle? Ezi zibuko ziindawo zokuqokelela i-saline H2O, eyi-97% yemali epheleleyo.

Ukuba ngaba kwenzeka ukuqokelela onke amanzi asemhlabeni, ekuhlaleni olunye, ulwandle luya kuba ne-volume ye-1.400 yezigidi km ³ , kwaye i-fresh iya kubutha kwi-drop of 10 million km ³ . Njengoko ubona, amanzi amancinci angaphantsi kwama-140 kuMhlaba kunotyuwa.

Zingaphi ipesenti zamanzi asemhlabeni emhlabeni?

Phantse i-3% yoluhlu lwamanzi alungileyo. Uninzi lwazo lugxilwe kwi-icebergs, kwiqhwa eliphezulu kunye namanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye kuphela inani elincinci liwela emifuleni nasemachibi eepontinenti.

Enyanisweni, amanzi amanzi ahlulwe afikeleleke kwaye afikeleleki. Iqela lokuqala liqukethe imilambo, amanxweme kunye namachibi, kwaye iquka namanzi omhlaba womhlaba kunye nombindi womoya. Yonke le ndoda iqeqeshiwe ukuyisebenzisa kwiinjongo zayo.

Zingaphi iipesenti zamanzi amanzi eMhlabeni azinakwenzeka? Okokuqala, ezi ziindawo ezinkulu zokugcina iimpahla ezinjenge-icebergs kunye nesigcina sekhephu. Benza ininzi yamanzi amatsha. Kwakhona, amanzi aphantsi okukhupha umhlaba ayingxenye ebalulekileyo yeH2O entsha. Akukho mntu okanye omnye umthombo abantu abangazange bafunde ukuwusebenzisa, kodwa oku kunenzuzo enkulu, kuba Umntu akanakukwazi ukulahla ngokufanelekileyo i-resource ebiza njengamanzi.

Umjikelo wamanzi kwindalo

Ukuhamba kwamanzi kudlala indima enkulu kwizinto eziphilayo, ngenxa yokuba Amanzi yi-solvent. Oku kwenza kube yinkalo yangaphakathi yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo.

Amanzi agxininise kuphela emzimbeni womntu nezinye izidalwa, kodwa nakwiindawo zokuhlambela zamanzi: ulwandle, ulwandle, imilambo, amachibi, amanxweme. Umjikelo wamanzi uqala ngokukhawuleza njengemvula okanye iqhwa. Emva koko amanzi aqokelela, aze aphumele ngaphantsi kwefuthe lokusingqongileyo. Oku kubonakala ngokucacileyo kwixesha lesomiso nobushushu. Ukusasazwa kwamanzi e-atmosphem kunquma ukuba buninzi bamanzi emhlabathini bugxininiswe kwisimo esiqinileyo, esilaphayo kunye nesombane.

Umjikelezo unobunzulu obuninzi bendalo, kuba umbane ujikeleza emoyeni, i-hydrosphere kunye nomhlaba, kwaye ngoko ke ukuzihlambulula. Kwimibutho yamanzi, apho inqanaba lokungcola liphezulu ngokwaneleyo, le nqubo idlala indima enkulu ekusekeleni umsebenzi wokuphila, izinto eziphilayo zendalo, nangona kunjalo, ukubuyiselwa kwento yangaphambili "ukucoceka" kuthatha ixesha elide.

Imvelaphi yamanzi

Isikhwama malunga nendlela amanzi okuqala abonakala ngayo asinakuhlulwa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, iingcamango ezininzi ziye zavela kwenzululwazi yoluntu eyenza ukuveliswa kwamanzi.

Enye into enjalo ibhekisela kwixesha apho uMhlaba wawusesebuncinaneni. Inxulumene nokuwa kweemeteorites "ezimanzi," ezinokuthi zizise amanzi. Iqokelele kwiibilini zeMhlaba, ezenza ikhegi eliphambili le-hydrated. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu azikwazi ukuphendula umbuzo, zingaphi iipesenti zamanzi eMhlabeni zigcinwe ngexesha elide.

Enye ingcamango isekelwe kwimvelaphi yomhlaba. Injongo ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwesi sizathu kwakufumanisa ingxube enkulu ye-hydrogen ye-deuterium elwandle nakuma-olwandle. Ubume bemichiza ye deuterium yinto enokuba yenziwe kuphela kuMhlaba ngokunyusa i-atomic mass. Ngoko ke, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba i-liquid yasungulwa kuMhlaba kwaye ayikho imvelaphi ye-cosmic. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi abaxhasa le ngcamango abakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba amanzi amaninzi eMhlabeni aneminyaka engama-4.4 yezigidigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo.