Intlaka kunye imiqolo Ukurhweba Upper eMoscow: inkcazelo, imbali kunye ukwakheka

Intlaka, ibekwe entliziyweni Moscow, de-1953 wayesaziwa ngokuba imiqolo Upper Trading. isakhiwo sayo - into ebaluleke kakhulu lesikhumbuzo yokuyilwa ezibalulekileyo federal. Gum - enye yeevenkile zesebe inkulu eYurophu. Igubungela indawo enkulu - ikota eyinkunzi. Olungaphambili ephambili zihoyi i-Red Square.

Ukwakhiwa intlaka mihla libhekisela 1890-93 biennium. AN Orange nguye umakhi ongengowale ndalo, ne VG Shukhov - engineer yakhe.

Njani Upper Trading Imiqolo Moscow

Unyaka yendalo ukufumanisa namhlanje kungenzeka neze. Ngokutsho amaxwebhu anxulumene ngenkulungwane ye-17, abengaphesheya Olubomvu Square Iiveranda zokuthenga yaba liziko urhwebo lweewholesale neevenkile kwikomkhulu. Kule minyaka phakathi Ilinka kunye Nikolskaya waba elide kwisakhiwo esinemigangatho emibini, eyaziwa ngokuba imiqolo Upper Trading. Malunga naye zophondo lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin kunye Pozharsky. Ngaphaya kwesakhiwo kukho ezininzi izitulo ezincinane ngamaplanga, adla kutshiswa ngexesha umlilo eMoscow. Ingakumbi idangatye kwenyuka kaninzi ebusika. sizathu zazo eziphambili yaba ukusetyenziswa zabameli izitovu zokwexeshana ukufudumeza eNgqeleni. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba xa kukho umlilo kakhulu owenzeka ngo 1812, kwikota kunye ezivenkileni thile wasinda.

Isakhiwo entsha

Isakhiwo emitsha imiqolo Moscow Upper Trading zakhiwa ngo-1815. O. Beauvais waba umakhi yakhe. Building emva kwesakhiwo zahlulo ezahlukeneyo, endingowakhe nabanini babucala. Xa ilixesha lokuba kukuhlenga, kwaye kwacaca ukuba afumane imvume kuyo bonke abanini akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yokunqongophala yesondlo isakhiwo isimo esihle kangangokuba kanye umfazi ulinganisa ilokhwe evenkileni, umlenze wakhe, wawa phantsi, bethunana ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukudalwa-stock ngokudibeneyo inkampani

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, xa ilizwe zafumana ukwanda ezoshishino noqoqosho enamandla, Moscow iRhuluneli-Jikelele wagqiba ekubeni achithe isakhiwo endala nokwakha entsha. Noko ke, kwakhona abanini bungayelelani isindululo kuba iphula amalungelo abo impahla. Ukongeza, ukuba umrhwebi omncinci, nkqu zemali ubuso mfutshane kakhulu elula. Abanikazi besi sakhiwo bagqiba ukwenza umsebenzi okhethekileyo otyunjwe iimeko akwamkelekanga kwabasemagunyeni umzi. I Moscow Duma ayikwazanga akavumelani phezu kwabo, ngoko ke ityala yalibaziseka. Ngenkxaso Moscow Governor-Jikelele 1880, abanini sakhiwo kufuneka udale inkampani joint-stock, ebizwa "imiqolo Upper Trading".

E Moscow, iminyaka emithandathu emva koko, ngo-1886, oko kwasekwa ikomiti ukuba kumiselwe ummiselo eyenzelwe ukulawula inkqubo ngokutsha kwesakhiwo endala. Lo mlawuli ngokobuqu yamkele mnqophiso, ngoko waqalisa inkqubo kumalungelo indawo emhlabeni. isivumelwano ekwakukudala lilindelwe yayifunyenwe ngo-Agasti 1888. -Ezimbini kwezintathu abanini beza Society, yaye emva koko wanyulwa ebhodini. I-capital share yaba 9.408.400 engange. Kwizabelo ixabiso eliphambili leyo engange-100, zakhutshelwa isixa esipheleleyo.

Project A. Pomerantseva

November 15, 1888 Ukukhatywa kwebhola kukhuphiswano lukazwelonke. Kulo lonke ilizwe lafumana yoyilo ukuba kwakhiwe elitsha imiqolo Upper Trading. Iivenkile ubudala baqhutyelwa ukuba kudilizwe le mini. Xa zizonke,-23 iiprojekthi zanikezelwa kwikomiti, umsebenzi A. Pomerantseva zibonwa engcono. Hambisa le layini lokwakha kunye neemfuno eziphambili khuphiswano. Ukusebenza kunye nengqiqo zidibene iprojekthi igqityiwe imiqolo Pomerantseva Upper Ukurhweba in eMoscow. Iplani isimbo yokuqhubeka ukufaneleka kwabo. Masakhane embhoxo kwesakhiwo endala.

Indlela yokuyilwa inokuchazwa njenge pseudo. Imiqolo Trading Upper Moscow, ngokutsho AA Pomerantseva, kuquka izakhiwo ezimbini. Okwangoku, omnye wabo eyaziwa ngokuba gum, ngoxa abanye zakhiwa ezintlwini zangaphambili Ukuncoma. It, kakhulu, iye yasinda kuzo namhlanje. Masakhane ubungakanani mncane ngaphezu intshungama. Ivela phandle ekupheleni esitratweni. Ilinka. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ukuchonga itshungama kunye imiqolo Upper Trading hayi kulungile.

Ukwakhiwa kwisakhiwo esitsha nokuvula yayo

Lo msitho ezisemthethweni ngokubekwa thotho omtsha top lwenzeka ngoMeyi 1890 yaye wawuzinyaswe ngabantu ebalulekileyo - abameli kurhulumente kunye nolawulo lwesixeko eso. Isakhiwo lwagqitywa ngo 1893. Ngoku I-Upper Trading imiqolo Moscow imbaxa elikhulu eliquka izakhiwo ezimbini esitratweni shopping komhlaba, apho izixhobo zokufudumeza izityalo namandla.

Umhla kuvulwe kudederhu lweevenkile - ngoDisemba 2, 1893 Ngesi sihlandlo, abahlali besixeko becula ngomthandazo, uze emva koko Sergei Alexandrovich, umthetheli omkhulu, kunye nomfazi wakhe Elizabeth watyelela ukwakhiwa ngokobuqu. Imiqolo Trading Upper eMoscow sele kuba nje into yorhwebo. Phantsi kophahla kwiglasi isakhiwo iwela lonke iintsapho ukonwabela omnye izakhiwo ezininzi ezintle ocacileyo eMoscow. Amafoto apha ngasentla, sisebenza 1893.

Imiqolo ezintsha Trading Upper

Asanda bafumanise imiqolo Trading Upper (isakhiwo gum) ezi-esinemigangatho emithathu eyenziwa iindinyana 3 longitudinal. iindinyana zidlulela - steel truss enhle kunye imitha-16 zokupaka ngelothe. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo kukho amagumbi ezintathu.

Njengoko ngaphambili, indawo soshishino yahlulwa phakathi abanini. Noko ke, ngoku kwaba zokuzilungisa, hayi ivenkile. Akhiwe kwiindawo ezintsha intengiso yolwakhiwo kwingxowa ezininzi mveliso odumileyo. Ngoko ayimangalisi, kuba iindleko zibiza kakhulu ngokuqesha iye kwisakhiwo tofotofo Upper Trading Imiqolo eMoscow. ezakhiwe kwatsala ingqalelo, kwaye ingaphakathi waba ephakame. Emihle agqitywa, elibomvu nezipili, landlelwe nempahla eqaqambileyo, kuyamangalisa. Ezingama-322 sebe kwi imigangatho-3. Bathenge naluphi na uhlobo lokutya okanye iimveliso mveliso. Amagumbi kumzi okufuphi bekujongiwe urhwebo lehoseyile.

Kwesi sicatshulwa, ukwenzela ukuba zikwazi ukutsala ngakumbi abathengi nabathengisi baqalisa ukunikela ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, kwi imiqolo Trading Upper wabonakala isebe le-International Moscow Bank. Kwakhona oko yaqala ukusebenza oomasifundisane izacholo kunye ngentlabo, iinwele, iposi,-ofisi wamazinyo yakhe. Ukuvulwa yokutyela kwenzeka ngo-1895

ezintsha ezibaluleke

Ngemihla yakudala ezivenkileni ezincinane umthengisi kumthengi ibhengeze indleko kwimveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso iphezulu kakhulu, ngoko abathengi nithengisa ukuba phantsi. Ngoku, okokuqala saqalisa ukusebenzisa uluhlu ixabiso, kangangokuba abantu baphulukana zokuzonwabisa yemveli. Okunye okunika umdla kukuba ukuba Upper imiqolo Ukurhweba eMoscow (lokwakha - Pomeranian) - store isebe, owayebonakele kuqala kwi Russian encwadini izikhalazo kunye neengcebiso. Okokugqibela, kulo mkhuba, uqalisa ukusebenzisa imigaqo ngokwendlela apho umthengi isoloko ilungile. Imiqolo Upper Trading wavula ngubo, waqalisa ukusebenza ireferensi. Saqala ukuba aququzelele iikonsathi imiboniso, ngeengokuhlwa zomculo.

Imiqolo Trading Upper emva October Revolution

Emva koko kwenzeka kwi revolution 1917, ezivenkileni, ibekwe kwisakhiwo elalisandul uhulumeni. Yavala uze uphinde-kuvulwa kwi sigqibo V. I. Lenina. Noko ke, urhwebo kwi sicatshulwa emva kokuba kukarhululumente iye wayesele aluphele. Wayeka ngokupheleleyo emva 1918 Ukwakhiwa Upper Trading imiqolo Moscow (gum) ngoku waqalisa ukusetyenziswa yi-arhente ezahlukeneyo. Le zokuzilungisa kanye ngephambili bezisa iidesika, kunye namagosa wazalisa igumbi. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Upper Trading imiqolo eMoscow yaba kwindawo entle engonwabanga. Okokuqala, oko icinyiwe ke ubushushu; kwandule ke isikhululo samandla afumaneka phaya kumgangatho ongaphantsi lakhukuliswa ngamanzi, nto leyo isakhiwo umbane elahlekileyo.

Ngexesha nep

Ngowe-1920 amashishini ngurhulumente, waqalisa ukungenisa self-mali. Ukususela ngelo xesha, abavelisi onokuyilahla ngayo inxalenye yazo iimveliso zabo. baziwa Le minyaka kwimbali nexesha-nkqubo Economic Entsha (nep). A lot of iinkampani ziye zisafana. Imiqolo Trading Upper ukwabelana kule ngxaki. Esi sakhiwo State ISebe Store (- Gum kuba mfutshane) ise-1921. Noko ke, ngoxa sicatshulwa kwakungasekho ndawo enkulu, njani ukwazi ngayo ngaphambili. Kwaye wathengisa ngayo Gum ikakhulu zokubhala.

ISebe Isitolo 1930 and 1940

Kufuneka ke ukuba imiqolo Upper Trading njengoko ivenkile zange ihlale ixesha elide. Sele ku 1930. indawo iphinde baqalisa ukuba uvumelane phantsi ofisi kwakunye kwi kwishishini, kuquka namajelo eendaba wokushicilela waba Sovnarkom, apho wayesebenza kude 1995 Ngokungqinelana ne-General Plan of Moscow Uhlenga, esamkelwa ngowe-1935, i-Red Square bekufanele ukwandisa. Ukulungiselela le njongo kufuneka ukuba ukuthwala gum. Noko ke, ayizange ndaqonda le projekthi. Gum emi kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Ivela apha Yu. B. Levitan 9 Meyi 1945 baseRashiya wanika iindaba ezilungileyo uzinikele waseJamani.

Ngowe-1947, kwi sakhiwo olandelayo isondela songo. On Red Square ngexesha sagqiba ukwakha kubekho nentsika yelitye enikezelwe uloyiso kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Intlaka, njengoko wenza lwabasunguli eli shishini, ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa kwakhona gxa ngengozi onwabe. On Red Square lesikhumbuzo kwaye akabonakalanga.

Le ukuvuselela gum

Ngowe-1953, i-ukuvuselela seentsini. Yayilixesha of nobudlelwane Khrushchev kaThixo. Loko kwagqitywa ukukhulula gum evela kumaziko inxaxheba kuyo. Kuvuselelwa sakhiwo. izixhobo Trade, oomatshini, izinto zokwakha lwathunyelwa ukusuka kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo USSR. Inxalenye kwiivenkile wavula kwanangaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ugqityiwe.

Savuka ivenkile gum yaba likhulu USSR. A lot of impahla zanikelwa zophando lwakhe. Ivenkile iye emgceni ufolo enkulu. Iipatroli zamapolisa elawulwa isihlwele. Zizonke kumasebe 11 isebe apho ukuba athengise impahla esele zenziwe, umqhaphu, impahla ezinithiweyo, nelinen, izihlangu, ifanitshala kunye iikhaphethi, iimpahla zendlu, izinto zokudlala kunye zokubhala, iminqwazi noboya, impahla zolonwabo. Ivenkile kukonke uluhlu lwezinto ezinkulu kwama-30 amawaka.

enye kuvuselelwa

Gum ngeminyaka yee-1960, phantse kwakhona sadilizwa, Noko ke, isakhiwo kwakhona lucky. Isebe nje ziyekwe; kodwa waba ngomnye nje enkulu ehlabathini emva wokujoyina iivenkile zilandelayo: "Belgrade", "loLutsha", "ePrague", "Simferopol", "crystal" yaye "Leipzig". Enye ukuvuselelwa ivenkile isebe Gum sagqitywa ngowe-1985 Ngowe-1987 yaba yinxalenye evenkileni Eliseev.

Kubhiyozela ukusekwa inkampani

Ngo-1993 siye uphawu lwekhulu leminyaka emva ukuyilwa inkampani joint-stock "imiqolo Trading Upper". yonke le veki waqhubeka lokubhiyozela sihlandlo. Izazinzulu ezininzi nabasebenzi yenkcubeko, ngokunjalo nabantu zoshishino wathabatha inxaxheba kuyo. Xa kwentsini yokungena eziphambili (ukusuka Red Square) sivulwe kule mihla.

isebe namhlanje

Namhlanje ivenkile isebe evenkileni kunye nokuzonwabisa iziko ezinkulu, ozifezekisayo iimfuno zale mihla. Indawo yoBuyiselo-Showroom yaqhutywa kutshanje. Night ukhanyiso ahombise olungaphambili iphambili ivenkile yesebe gum. Ukususela ngo-2006, phambi venkile iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula salo ebusika. Phantse wonke babatyeleli bafika e Moscow, uzimisele ukutyelela imiqolo Upper Trading (gum). Isimbo kwesakhiwo ibonisa umoya Russian, yaye ngaphakathi uyakwazi ukufumana izinto ezininzi ezinomdla.