Isaac yaseBhabheli: biography kunye nemisebenzi

YiBhabheli Isaak Emmanuilovich, ogama engobomi linikwa kwi nqaku - umbhali, umguquleli, umbhali, umbhali. Igama lakhe real - Bobel, njengoko esaziwa phantsi awethu ka Bab-el kunye K. Lyutov. Le ndoda wadutyulwa kwiBolsheviks ngo-1940. Ngowe-1954 waba kokufa kwimeko yesiqhelo uIsake eBhabheli.

ngobomi bakhe iqala Juni 30 (Julayi 12) ngo-1894. Kungelo xesha awathi uIsake Emmanuilovich wazalelwa Odessa. Uyise Emmanuel Isaakovich Bobel.

Ebuntwaneni, ngethuba lokufunda

Ngexesha ebuntwaneni, umbhali elizayo wayehlala e Odessa, kufuphi Odessa. Xa kweminyaka eli-9 ubudala, wangena College Commercial yasekuhlaleni. Bala Witte. Emva konyaka, yena kudluliselwa Odessa Commercial School ogama Nicholas I. yiBhabheli isidanga ngo-1911. Ngeli xesha izifundo ivayolin lakhe. YaseBhabheli wanika izifundo PS Stolarski, imvumi edumileyo. Kwakhona, umbhali elizayo awayezithanda imisebenzi ababhali baseFransi. Xa ngokuthi kayise zonqulo ngoxa yiBhabheli i kakhulu inxaxheba ekufundeni ulwimi isiHebhere. Wayefunda kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere. Isaac Emmanuilovich wafumana itayitile ummi yekhethelo emva kokugqitywa ngempumelelo kuqeqesho e Odessa Commercial School. Kwangaxeshanye, wafaka isicelo sokwamkelwa kwisebe kwezoqoqosho Kiev Commercial Institute. BaseBhabheli usiwe nguMbutho, yaye kangangeminyaka eliqela wahlala eyayiseKiev. Education, waphumelela honors ngo-1916, ukufumana isihloko zomviwa.

Umsebenzi wokuqala eshicilelweyo, ubomi Saratov

E Kiev magazini "Izibane" yapapashwa umsebenzi wokuqala yaseBhabheli - ibali "Endala Shloyme". Emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe Russian-German, uIsake Emmanuilovich waye wabhalisa wamajoni, kodwa akazange abe nanxaxheba kwemfazwe.

Ngowe-1915, yiBhabheli waye wabhalisa kunyaka wesine kwi Petrograd ngokwasengqondweni-luvo Institute (Faculty of Law). Noko ke, akazange kuziphumelela kweli ziko. Ngowe-1915, yiBhabheli yaba lixesha e Saratov. Apha wadala ibali osihloko sithi "lwabaNtwana. UMakhulu", emva koko wabuyela Petrograd.

Intlanganiso yokuqala Gorky

Ukudibana ne Mxim Gorky kwenzeka ekwindla ka-1916 kweli phephancwadi "Chronicle". "Mama, Rimma kunye Alla" yaye "Elia Isaakovich noMargarita Prokofyevna" - NgoNovemba 1916, ababini ibali yaseBhabheli zapapashwa kweli phephancwadi. Kulo nyaka kwi "Journal of the iimagazini 'uhlelo Petrograd wabonakala uthotho zezincoko, simanyene phantsi kwegama" sheets lam. "

Njengoko yasekwa ngo-1928 "Autobiography" uIsake Emmanuilovich, ukuthetha ngalo intlanganiso yokuqala kunye Gorky waphawula ukuba besekho kuye kwaye uthetha negama lombhali kunye umbulelo nothando.

Ubomi yaseBhabheli "abantu"

IE YaseBhabheli, ogama engobomi uphawulwe yi ngumhlobo Gorky, wabhala ukuba wamfundisa izinto ezibalulekileyo kakhulu, yaye emva koko, xa kwathi eziliqela amava bubutsha yaba luck enyulu ukuba abhale kakubi, Mxim Gorky wamthuma 'ebantwini. " YaseBhabheli abakhankanywe "Autobiography", ukuba "waya ebantwini 'iminyaka 7 (1917-24 gg.). Ngeli xesha ke waba lijoni, waba phezu phambi isiRomania. YiBhabheli uye wasebenza kwisebe bezinye iintlanga ngumguquleli KGB. Ngowe-1918, izicatshulwa bakhe zapapashwa kwiphephandaba "New Life". Kulo nyaka, ehlotyeni kaIsake yiBhabheli wathabatha inxaxheba zobuntlola ukutya, oququzelelwe Abantu Commissariat.

Phakathi kowe-1919 ukuya ekuqaleni 1920, wayehlala Odessa Isaac eBhabheli. biography olufutshane umbhali iziganeko ezintsha ebalulekileyo. Umbhali wakhonza kwi State Publishing House of Ukraine, apho wabubhekisa isebe nokupapasha. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1920 phantsi kwegama Lyutova KIRILL Vasilyevich Yugrosta ngezemvelo, uIsake Emmanuilovich waya Yokuqala-Calvary Army. Apha wahlala iinyanga eziliqela. Umbhali ugcinwe idayari, waza wapapasha izincoko bakhe kunye namanqaku kwiphephandaba "Red mahashe." Emva yokuhlaselwa nangecesina, ekupheleni kuka-1920, Emmanuilovich uIsake wabuyela Odessa.

Content entsha, ubomi eMoscow

Ngowe-1922-1923 gg. BaseBhabheli waqala ukuzivakalisa ngomdla amabali abo amaphepha Odessa ( "umatiloshe", "Iindaba" yaye "Silhouettes"), kwakunye enkarhini lowu "Lava". Phakathi kwezi mveliso kufuneka kuqatshelwe amabali alandelayo "Nkosi", mazifakwe kwi-kumjikelo "amabali Odessa" yaye "Grishuk" (Cycle "Red-Calvary"). Phantse yonke 1922 wahlala Batumi eBhabheli. Ibali lobomi bakhe iphawulwe uvakashele nezinye izixeko Georgian.

Ngowe-1923, umbhali iye yaseka uthungelwano kunye ababhali eMoscow. Waqalisa ukuba lupapashwe "Red Virgin lomhlaba," kwi "yikhohlo", kwi "spotlight", kwakunye kwi "PRAVDA" ( "Amabali Odessa" kunye neenoveli ukusuka 'Red-Calvary "). Ngoxa e Odessa, uIsake Emmanuilovich wadibana Vladimir Mayakovsky. Ngoko, emva kokuba ekugqibeleni baseBhabheli wafudukela eMoscow, wenza abahlobo kunye ababhali abaninzi apha - kunye Voronsky A., S. Yesenin, D. Furmanov. Qaphela ukuba babephila ixesha lokuqala uIsake Emmanuilovich e Sergiev Posad (kufutshane eMoscow).

Ethandwa, ubuchule, kwisiqingatha sesibini 1920

Ngeminyaka yee-1920, waba ngomnye wababhali ethandwa eSoviet Union. Kuphela ngo-1925 inkupho eyahlukileyo yapapashwa iingqokelela ezintathu amabali yakhe emfutshane. Onesethi yokuqala yamaxwebhu yiBhabheli wadala kumabali "Red-Calvary" kwakhululwa kunyaka olandelayo. Kamva ke othe amandla. Isaac baseBhabheli izicwangciso ukubhala iinoveli-50, kodwa yapapashwa 37, abokugqibela babo ubizwa ngokuba "Argamak".

Ngowe-1925, uIsake Emmanuilovich waqalisa umsebenzi ekudalweni isikripthi, "Benya Krik", iziqu umdlalo "I Sunset". Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1920, uIsake yiBhabheli wabhala (ubuncinane ishicilelwe) phantse yonke imisebenzi yakhe emihle. A eminye iminyaka eli-15 yobomi eBhabheli wongeza nje kancinci kakhulu zecebo yelifa lakhe. Ngowe-1932-33 uIsake Emmanuilovich babesebenza play "Mariya." Wadala inani "konarmeyskih" iinoveli ezintsha kunye namabali amafutshane, ubukhulu becala ngokuphila ( "Gi De Mopassan", "Kar", njalo njalo). Ngeli xesha, umbhali lwagqitywa yifilimu "eNodi Stars" kwi iprozi Sholom Aleichem.

"Red-Calvary"

Ngeminyaka yee-1920, livela kwi zincwadi block. Ngu yaseBhabheli ibali elifutshane "Red-Calvary" neplanethi nokuba elo xesha ngqo kunye ndikho eqingqiweyo zenkohlakalo kunye neziganeko egazi kweMfazwe Civil. Ngelo xesha imisebenzi yakhe luphawulwa a ubunono engaqhelekanga yokuthetha, isimbo ecokisiweyo. YaseBhabheli, ogama engobomi kubonisa ukuba wayeqhelene leMfazwe Civil ngokwawo, kunye ndikho ethile udlulisela iziganeko yegazi layo. Kwezi ngeengcamba ezintathu yenkcubeko ziye inxaxheba, oku akulindelekanga ukuba phambana kwimbali lizwe. Sithetha ngayo ngamaYuda, nezazi Russian kunye nabantu. Isiphumo sale yokungqubana kudala kwihlabathi yokuziphatha bezobugcisa iprozi yaseBhabheli, ezele ithemba nokubandezeleka, nokuqonda kunye iimpazamo ezibuhlungu. "Red-Calvary" nangoko yabangela mpikiswano elibukhali kakhulu apho amanqaku ezahlukeneyo babesilwa. Ngokukodwa, umphathi First Horse SM Budyonny wathabatha lo msebenzi isithunzi le Reds. Kodwa Voronsky A. and M. Gorky wayekholelwa ukuba ubunzulu umfanekiso kwiindawo oluntu kwiimpixano War Civil, Noko ke, hayi ubuxoki - ukuba umsebenzi ophambili zombhali.

"Amabali Odessa"

YaseBhabheli "Odessa Amabali 'yakhe kuboniswe uzibaxa Odessa Moldavanka. Intliziyo yakhe yaqala Benya Krik, nesabasilaleleyo 'nengqondo ". Le ncwadi inemibala kakhulu, lyrically kwaye pathetically zimelwe ironist-ubomi ngabarhwebi Odessa kunye sabaphangi, iimboni kunye zo. Uchazwa ukuba elithile idlula. "Odessa Amabali" (ukudlala "Sunset" yaba kwizifundo ukhetho le ncwadi yesibini) yenye iziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwiincwadi Russian yee imi- 20-kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Baba nempembelelo enkulu kumsebenzi ngababhali eziliqela, phakathi kwabo - I. Ilf kunye Petrov.

Ukuhamba phezu USSR neehambo amazwe

Ngowe-1925, uIsake Emmanuilovich weni amaninzi ehlabathini USSR (ekumazantsi eRashiya, kwiPhondo Voronezh, Kiev, iLeningrad). Oku uqokelela izinto malunga iziganeko zakutshanje kweMfazwe Civil, unobhala webhunga kwilali ezilalini Molodenovo ibekwe kwi River eMoscow. Ngehlobo lowe-1927 okokuqala baye phesheya eBhabheli. ngobomi bakhe kumakishwa kuqala uhambo eParis, uze - eBerlin. Engasebenzi phesheya ukususela ngelo xesha babe phantse qho ngonyaka de 1936. Ngowe-1935, uIsake Emmanuilovich kungeniswa ingxelo ekhusela inkcubeko eParis Congress of Writers.

Ukudibana ne Gorky

Kumaxesha amaninzi, yiBhabheli wadibana Mxim Gorky, lowo uyilandele ngokusondeleyo umsebenzi wakhe kwaye baxhaswe kuyo. Emva kokufa unyana ka Gorky, Mxim Peshkov, Aleksey Maksimovich wamema uIsake Emmanuilovich kwizilayidi bakhe. Apha wayehlala ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni 1934. Kulo nyaka mnye, e-Agasti, yiBhabheli wanikela intetho ngexesha I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers.

YaseBhabheli: biography kunye nomsebenzi Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1930.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini 1930 umsebenzi Isaaka Emmanuilovicha enxulumene kakhulu unyango ubuchule zoncwadi zabanye ababhali. Ngokukodwa, yiBhabheli wayesenza umsebenzi phezu inethuba yi kulandelayo: ngokutsho imveliso "Indlela Steel yaphazamiseka" Ostrovsky, ngokusekelwe mbongo "Duma pro Opanas" Sun Bagritsky, kwakunye yifilimu ka Mxim Gorky. Kwakhona wadala imisebenzi Turgenev lithathelwe ye cinema. Sithetha malunga script movie ebizwa ngokuba "Bezhin Meadow 'ukuba SM Eisenstein. Le filimu, kufuneka kuthi, umlomo, batshatyalaliswa njenge "ideologically zisetyenziswe tenxileyo ngokugqithisileyo". Noko ke, oku akuzange uqhawule umbhali uIsake eBhabheli. Biography kanye nomsebenzi ubungqina bakhe ukuba wayengenzi wabasukela udumo.

Ngowe-1937, uIsake Emmanuilovich ingxelo koonondaba malunga ekupheleni umdlalo ka G. Kotovsky, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva - on the script for "Endala Square". Xa ubomi zombhali, Noko ke, ingxaki alipapashwanga, akukho nanye yezi zenzo. Xa ekwindla ka-1936 kwafika ingqokelela yokugqibela amabali akhe. ukusebenza Last yaseBhabheli yoshicilelo - ukuba iminqweno koNyaka Omtsha, apapashwa ngoDisemba 31, 1938 kwi "kwiphephandaba yoncwadi".

Khomiwile, nokubulawa novuselelo

Biography yiBhabheli nemihla kuyaqhubeka ukuba May 15, 1939 Moscow uIsake Emmanuilovich indlu yaye dacha yakhe ise Peredelkino (apho ke ngelo xesha), kukhangelwa. Ngexesha ukufuna babamba 24 eneenkcukacha-ngqangi yakhe. Emva koko, ke Akufumanekanga na indawo yolondolozo FGC. Juni 29-30, emva uthotho ngemibuzo ngokuqhubekayo, eBhabheli wanikela ubungqina. Kamva, xa iingxelo eziliqela wala kubo. Xa intetho enikwe kwi kwetyala, uIsake Emmanuilovich wacela ithuba ukugqiba umsebenzi wabo yakutshanje. Noko ke, ukuba wenze oko. Isaac Emmanuilovich isigwebo sokufa. January 27, 1940 wabulawa eBhabheli. biography olufutshane eziphelweni zaso ukuze umzimba zombhali ngemini enye iye sitshisiwe kwi Donskoy Monastery.

kwiminyaka eli-14 kamva, ngowe-1954, uIsake Emmanuilovich waye kwisimo ngokupheleleyo, kuba izenzo zakhe bengafumani corpus delicti. Emva koko, kiswano evelayo ikamva lakhe kunye nomsebenzi kuqaliswe. Abazi kuse kule mini. IBhabheli, biography kunye nobuchule apho siye saxubusha - umbhali, kunye imisebenzi, Kakade ke, ukuze simazi.