Isakhiwo yanamhlanje kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye neempawu zayo main

Ukuze uqonde ngokuchanileyo kakuhle koqoqosho lwehlabathi, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ukuba yintoni na isakhiwo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Iluphawu ngesixhobo entsonkothileyo oguquguqukayo eyenziwa kwezinye izinto macro.

Ubume yoqoqosho lwehlabathi ibandakanya amacandelo nangokudibana kwamacandelo amacandelo, imibutho, amashishini, iingingqi kunye neenkqubo. Zakha enkulu kwinxalenye yale kweemveliso nasekusetyenzisweni GDP. Ukususela ubudlelwane phakathi kwala macandelo kwaye ke isakhiwo kwezoqoqosho kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Uphuhliso oluzinzileyo uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunokwenzeka ngaphandle yophuhliso lobume uqoqosho.

Isakhiwo sonke zehlabathi kuqoqosho, kwakunye yayo kazwelonke ezizindidi ngeendidi - into yokuba enkulu kunye ezahlukahlukeneyo. Oku kuquka namaCandelo eMetropolitan zilandelayo: yamacandelo, zendawo, nezenzala, esebenza kunye nezentlalo noqoqosho.

isakhiwo Territorial ubonisa ukwahlulahlula njani umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho kumazwe kunye imimandla.

isakhiwo Ukuzala ubunjwe iindawo ezifana nokwanda, ngesifo sephepha, amazwe. Oku kubonisa imeko zesizwe noqoqosho, njengoko ukuhoywa kakhulu ngakwicala njengenye yeekhomponenti lubonisa elichanekileyo bumilo yezinto kuqoqosho. Umzekelo, ukuba 100% zemveliso ye-GDP kuphela ukutyiwa, libonisa imeko yezoqoqosho ezingazinzanga kweli lizwe. Umlinganiselo ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa / ukugcinwa / kumazwe yi-70% / 25% / 5%. Ezi olinganise negalelo ekuphuhlisweni kobudlelwane kumazwe-yokungenisa nokunciphisa ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo.

isakhiwo esebenzayo ibonisa intsalela yemveliso emkhosini zokunxiba, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ukuba imeko yentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Ngokusekelwe kumava ngamazwe, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba xa ephezulu inani yemveliso wamajoni, ukuba mandundu imeko yezoqoqosho kweli lizwe. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iindleko zemveliso zomkhosi bacinezele uphuhliso kumazwe amaninzi. Inani eliphezulu senkcitho wokhuselo yi-12% ye-GDP. Bonke ngasentla-6%, ekhokelela ukuthotywa zemveliso elinoxolo yokudodobala kwezoqoqosho.

isakhiwo Socio-economic ubonakalise ubudlelwane phakathi kweendidi lwesakhiwo yezentlalo noqoqosho. uhlobo lwiimi ixhomekeka kuhlobo kwepropati, abangama abambalwa bodwa; inzala kunye nabahlali (ngaphandle ipropati yabucala), feudalism (ubunini feudal apho), yorhwebo abasakhasayo (amashishini amancinane) kunye nkulu (leyo sizalwa kwishishini elikhulu-isikali, ikomkhulu zabucala bodwa).

World Isakhiwo Uqoqosho isebe sakhiwa nobuninzi leeyunithi zolawulo, leyo imiswe phakathi lahlule yabasebenzi kunye nemveliso iimeko ziyahluka. Uhlalutyo kuqoqosho ugxininisa kumaqela iphambili ilandelayo: mveliso, agro-mveliso (okanye ezolimo), ulwakhiwo, uveliso kunye non-labenzi botywala (iinkonzo). Kwelinye icala, ezi mveliso lungohlulwa lube iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela. Umzekelo, ishishini yahlulahlulwe imigodi nelezemveliso.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nesakhiwo sayo iphawulwa ubukho kwisabelo kweenkonzo. Kwi-US kunye UK, iye yafika-80% e-Japan kunye Canada - 70%, eJamani, Italy kunye France - malunga ne-60%. Kwangaxeshanye, kunciphise isabelo lezolimo kunye namashishini ayikho ngaphezu kwe-25-30% ye-GDP. Ezi ntsingiselo zicacisiwe luphuhliso olukhawulezayo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, nto leyo eye kwavula ukuyilwa amatsha amashishini kunye necandelo lwenkonzo.

amazwe eSoviet zisendaweni malunga kwinqanaba elifanayo zophuhliso. Uqoqosho lwamazwe ezinjalo lubonakala ngokuba isabelo eliphezulu kwezolimo kunye namashishini kunye, ngenxa yoko, iinkonzo kwinqanaba elisezantsi.

Xa Kumazwe asakhasayo, isabelo ezolimo esegqitha isabelo shishino. ratio sabo malunga 20-35% kunye 10-25% ngokulandelelana.