Isicwangciso isakhiwo: Iimfuno, iisimboli, uyilo

Ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezininzi zokwakha, kunye nokuphunyezwa kobudlelwane bezomthetho kwintsimi yokuthengiswa kwezindlu zangaphandle kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamaphepha akhethekileyo - izicwangciso zezakhiwo nezakhiwo. Le mithombo ingaba zombini igosa (kwaye ihlanganiswe ngokuhambelana nemithetho yomthetho), kwaye ayifanelekanga kumthetho, kodwa nangona kunjalo. Phakathi kwezinto eziqhelekileyo eziye zenzelwe ukuqwalasela imimiselo yemimiselo yolawulo zakha izicwangciso ezibonisa ulwazi olubhaliswe kwi-cadastre karhulumente. Ziziphi iinkcukacha zabo? Ziziphi iinkcukacha ezi zikhoyo?

Ukuqulunqa izicwangciso zokwakha: umgaqo-siseko

Indlela yokucwangcisa isicwangciso sokwakha, ukuba isigaba somthetho siqondwa, silawulwa nguMyalelo weSebe loPhuhliso loQoqosho lweRussia Federation No. 403, ekhutshwe ngo-01.09.2010. Ichaza indlela yoxwebhu olufanelekileyo, kunye neemfuno zokuhlanganiswa kwayo. Ukongezelela, isenzo esibaluleke kakhulu kwisigqibo sokuphuhlisa isicwangciso soMthetho we-Federal No. 221-FZ, owamkelwa ngoJulayi 24, 2007. Kuyo, ngokukodwa, ichongiwe yintoni isicwangciso sakhiwo, yintoni ulwazi oluqulethwe kuyo. Cinga ngeemimiselo, kunye nezo zongezelela kwi-Order No. 403, ngokubanzi.

Yiyiphi intsingiselo yesicwangciso sakhiwo?

Ngoko, isicwangciso sakhiwo, ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yoMthetho we-Federal Law No. 221, ngumqulu obonisa ulwazi oluyisiseko olukhoyo kwi-cadastre karhulumente, kwakunye nolwazi olusisiseko sokwenza ukubhalisa. Isicwangciso sinokuphinda sichaze ulwazi malunga neendawo ezithile kunye nezinye eziyimfuneko ekufakeni izifaki malunga nesakhiwo sokwakha kwi-cadastre.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kukho amaxwebhu ambalwa afana nawo, njengokwakha isakhiwo sokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqeshwa kwabo kungahluka ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, icebo loyilo lingahle libe nolwalamano oluchanekileyo kwiirekhodi ze-cadastral, mazibekwe kwinqanaba leprojekthi, kwaye igqitywe.

Ngaloo ndlela, isicwangciso, ukulungiswa kolawulo olulawulwa yiNombolo engu-403, lubonisa ukubonakaliswa kolwazi malunga nezinto ezigqityiweyo, kufaka iirekhodi ze-cadastral. Ngokuqhelekileyo, phantsi kwesicwangciso sakhiwo, ukuba ulandela imithetho esemthethweni yomthetho, isicwangciso sobugcisa esicacisiwe . Nangona, ngokuqinisekileyo, uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwamaphepha lungabhalelana ngokungafanelekanga kwibinzana ekuthethwa ngalo.

Umthombo kumbuzo "isicwangciso" sesakhiwo, sinokuqulunqwa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto. Kungaba zombini izakhiwo ezihlukeneyo, kwaye, ngokukodwa, izakhiwo zeofisi, izakhiwo zezindlu. Kungaba zombini izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo, kunye nezo zakhiwe kwisakhelo seeprojekthi zokwakha ezizodwa.

Ulwakhiwo lwesicwangciso sokwakha

Uxwebhu olukulo mbuzo luqulethe iibhloko ezimbini eziphambili:

• Umbhalo;
• Imifanekiso.

Ngamnye wabo umelwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, uluhlu lwazo oluchazwa njengoluhlu olumiselweyo, kwaye luyakhelwe, ngokusekelwe kuloluhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi we-cadastral.

Injongo yebhloko yombhalo kukubonakalisa ulwazi olunzulu malunga nento. Iyakwazi ukulungisa iindibano ezahlukahlukeneyo ezenza ngcono ukunikezelwa kolunye ulwazi okanye olunye ulwazi kulo mbhalo. Kwi-block text text of the plan there are a section where:

• Ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi we-cadastral owenziwa;
• Idatha yokuqala, ulwazi malunga nemilinganiselo eyenziwe, izibalo;
• Ulwazi malunga nendawo yesakhiwo kwisakhiwo selizwe;
• Iimpawu eziphambili zezinto;
• Ulwazi malunga nalawo okanye ezinye izakhiwo zesakhiwo;
• Impawu eziphambili zendawo-ukuba ngaba, umzekelo, isakhiwo sezindlu ezininzi;
• Iinjongo zeinjineli kwi-cadastre.

Okubalulekayo ibhloko ebonakalayo. Into ephambili kukubonakalisa ngokucacileyo kuwo iimpawu zakhiwo zokwakha, ukubonisa izakhiwo ezixhasayo kunye neemeko zesakhiwo esizizalisekisileyo. Kwinqanaba legrafti yesicwangciso kukho uluhlu oluthile lwamacandelo. Phakathi kwazo:

• Umzobo obonisa indlela yokwakha i-geodetic;
• I-Scheme yokubeka into ngaphakathi kwinqanaba lomhlaba;
• Ukudweba komgca wezinto;
• Isicwangciso somgangatho wento okanye isakhiwo ngokubanzi, kubonisa ukuba, xa kuyimfuneko, amagumbi athile.

Uxwebhu olubhekiselwe kumbuzo kufuneka lubandakanye amacandelo:

• Ukubonakalisa ulwazi olubanzi malunga nomsebenzi oqhubekayo kwi-cadastre;
• Iqukethe idatha yokuqala;
• Kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nemilinganiselo eyenziwe, izibalo;
• Kubandakanya umzobo wesakhiwo.

Amanye amacandelo afakwe kulo xwebhu, ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha ezithile zeprojekthi yokwakha ethile, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi we-cadastral.

Uyilo lwesicwangciso sokwakha

Makhe siqwalasele ngokucacileyo ukuba lo mbhalo ungaboniswa njani. Izidingo zokulungiselela isicwangciso sobugcisa besakhiwo, njengoko senziwe ngumthetho, sichaza ukuba uxwebhu olufanelekileyo luza kuboniswa kwisakhiwo ngasinye. Kwimeko apho into eyenziwa yintlahlela ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwakhona kwamanani amaninzi, isicwangciso senziwe kwikhophi enye. Kodwa ngelo xesha, umqulu kufuneka, ngendlela echanekileyo, ibonakalise ulwazi kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngaphakathi kwiprojekthi.

Ukulungiselela isicwangciso: iimfuneko jikelele

Makhe siqwalasele ngokukhawuleza iimfuno zokulungiselela isicwangciso sobugcisa besakhiwo kwimiqathango yazo jikelele. Uxwebhu olubhekiselwe kumbuzo lwenziwa ngesiseko seenkcukacha ze-cadastral malunga nesakhiwo, kunye nomhlaba apho ukhona khona. Ngenxa yoko, imithombo elandelayo isetyenziswa:

• Umtshini;
• Ipaspoti yeCastastral.

Ukuba isakhiwo siphezu kwiindawo eziliqela, ke izitatimenti nganye zazo ziyasetyenziswa. Ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo (kungabandakanywa ulwazi malunga nendawo yaso kwisiqendu somhlaba) lubonakaliswa kwisicwangciso sobugcisa, esekelwe kumxholo womsebenzi ohanjiswe ngumthengi kumaphepha e-cadastre, imvume yemeko yokungena okanye isitifiketi sobugcisa besakhiwo. Iikopi zamaphepha afanelekileyo zingafakwa kwisihlomelo kwisicwangciso sokwakha. Kwezinye iimeko ezibonelelwa ngumthetho, ukuveliswa kwezi mithombo akudingeki. Ukuba kunjalo, ulwazi malunga nento lufakwe kwisicwangciso sakhiwo sokwakha esekelwe kwisibhengezo, esilungiselelwe ngokuhambelana nemimiselo ethile ebekwe kumthetho. Uxwebhu oluhambelanayo kufuneka libe yinxalenye yesihlomelo kwisicwangciso.

Kwimeko apho ukulungiswa koxwebhu olubhekiselele kulo lubandakanya ezinye iimithombo, ukusetyenziswa okunikezelwa ngumthetho wenkxaso, kufuneka iikopi zayo zifakwe kwisakhiwo sesicelo.

Ifomathi yesicwangciso sokwakha

Uxwebhu olukulo mbuzo luya kuqulunqwa ngekhompyutheni kwifomethi ye-XML. Ngethuba elifanayo, kufuneka liqinisekiswe ngumbonakaliso wekhompyutheni yedijithali wenjini ye-cadastre. Le fayili kufuneka ihambelane neemfuno ezimiselweyo kwifomathi efanelekileyo ukuze ulwazi oluboniswe kuyo lukwazi ukufunda nokuhlolisiswa.

Isicwangciso sedijithali sakhiwo kufuneka sakhiwe ngesiseko se-XML-templates, ezivunyiweyo yi-Federal Cadastre Service kwaye zilayishwe yinkampani kwiziko. Ukuba umthetho olawula ukusetyenziswa kweefayili ezichaphazelekayo utshintshiwe, iNkonzo ye-Federal Cadastral iya kuhlaziya iifomati ze-XML.

Isayineli yekhompyutheni yinjineli kufuneka ibe nesitifiketi kwaye ihlangabezane nemigqaliselo esekelwe kumthetho weRussian Federation kunye nokulawula ukuphathwa koxwebhu lwekhompyutha.

Ngaloo ndlela, izicelo ezongezelela isicwangciso sakhiwo zingaprintwa kwiphepha. Ukuze uwancedise kunye nomqulu ochaphazelekayo, kufuneka bachithwe kwifomathi yePS kwaye basayinwe ngoncedo lwe-EPC ye-engineer cadastre. Isicwangciso somgangatho wesakhiwo okanye nayiphi na inxalenye yaso kufuneka sifakwe kwifomathi yeJPEG.

Isakhiwo sesicelo sinokubandakanya namanye amaxwebhu e-elektroniki, ukuba iboniswe ngumthetho weRussian Federation. Kwezinye iimeko (umzekelo, ngenxa yokufumaneka kweemeko ezifanelekileyo kwisivumelwano somsebenzi), izicwangciso zokwakha zilungiselelwe kwifomu lephepha. Ezi mithombo ziqinisekisiwe ngophawu kunye nesitampu se-cadastre njineli. Kodwa ngelo xesha, isicwangciso sedijithali sakhiwo kufuneka senziwe kwakhona - kule ngxaki incediswa kunye nephepha elilodwa.

Ukuyila ibhloko yesicatshulwa sakhiwo

Masifunde ngoku, yintoni na umthetho weRussia Federation kukho iimfuno zokwakhiwa kwebhloko yombhalo okhutshwe ngawo.

Kwingxenye yesicwangciso sakhiwo esikulo mbuzo, okokuqala, iintlobo zomsebenzi ezenziwa kwi cadastre zibhalwa. Kule nto, itekisi ehambelanayo isetyenzisiweyo, apho ulwazi olunjenge:

• Idilesi yesakhiwo, iinxalenye zayo;
• Indlela yokubunjwa kwezinto;
• Iimpawu zesakhiwo;
• Inombolo yeCadastral yezinto;
• Inani leendawo zokuhlala, kunye nezakhiwo ezingahlali ndawo kwisakhiwo sakhiwo.

Uhlobo olulandelayo lweedatha olubhalwe kwisicatshulwa solu cwangciso lwazi malunga nomthengi womsebenzi owenziwe kwi-cadastre. Apha ungacacisa:

• Igama, idatha yepaspoti, idilesi yomthengi - ukuba ungumntu wendalo;
• Igama, i-OGRN, i-TIN, idilesi-ukuba iqabane linalo lombutho wezomthetho.

Kwibhloko yesicwangciso sakhiwo, oku kulandelayo kufuneka kubonakaliswe:

• Umhla wokulungiswa kwenguqu yokugqibela yolu xwebhu ngu-injini;
• Ulwazi malunga nomntu owenza uxwebhu, ebonisa igama lakhe, inombolo yesatifikethi eqinisekisa isiqinisekiso, umnxeba, idilesi okanye iinqununu zomqeshi wakhe, ukuba unjineli wenza imisebenzi yakhe yomsebenzi kwindawo yomqeshwa.

Uhlobo olulandelayo lwedatha luboniswe kwisibhengezo sobume besicwangciso sokwakha ziyimfuneko zamaphepha asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisela umthombo okhoyo kumbuzo. Umzekelo, njengamaxwebhu eeprojekthi, amaxwebhu alayisenisi , ipasipoti yezobuchwepheshe, ulwazi oluvela kwi-cadastre. Kwimeko apho izinto eziphathekayo zibandakanyeka, iirekhodi zebhloko zetekisi:

• Igama lekhadi;
• Isilinganiselo sezicwangciso zezakhiwo eziboniswe kumsebenzi we-cartographic;
• Umhla umaphu wadalwa waza wahlaziywa.

Olunye iqela elibalulekileyo lenkcazelo kwi-text text block yile ncwadana yilezo ezibonisa iimpawu zeenethiwekhi ze-geodetic okanye zokuhlola ezabandakanyeka kumsebenzi kwi-cadastre. Kule meko, kufuneka ulungise:

• Ulungelelaniso lwenkqubo;
• Igama lomcimbi, kunye nokuhlelwa komqondiso obonakalisa inethiwekhi ye-geodetic;
• Iklasi ibonakalisa intanethi ehambelanayo;
• Ulungelelaniswe ngamaphupha;
• Idata ebonisa isimo sesibonakaliso sento, isikhungo sayo, kunye nomqondiso.

Kwi-block text of the document, kubalulekile ukurekhoda ulwazi malunga nezixhobo zokulinganisa ezisetyenziswe ngexesha lomsebenzi. Ngokukodwa, kunoku:

• Igama lesitya okanye isixhobo;
• Inombolo kaRhulumente yesixhobo sokulinganisa;
• Ulwazi malunga nokuqinisekiswa kwesixhobo okanye isixhobo.

Kuya kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela inani leempawu ezithile ezibonisa ibhloko yombhalo wolu xwebhu njengesikimu sokwakha. Ngoko, kukufanelekile ukubeka ingqwalasela kwimimiselo yokubonakalisa kuyo ulwazi malunga nomgca wezinto. Yiyiphi inkcazo yale nkqubo?

Inkcazo yesakhiwo ngokwemiqathango: imiba

Umda we sakhiwo ngumgca ovalwe, owenziwe ngenxa yomdwebo wangaphandle kwemida, umlo wezakhiwo kwinqwelo elungileyo. Umtya uhambelana nomgca ovalwe osebenza kwizinga apho isakhiwo sihlangene nomhlaba. Oku akufanele kufakwe:

• Iinqanawa okanye iifetrares;
• Izixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinobungakanani obungaphezulu kwe-0.5 m kunye nobubanzi obungaphezulu kwe-1 m.

Ukuba isakhiwo siphezu kweengcingo, i-contour yayo yenziwa ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwemida yangaphandle. Indlela eyalela ngayo le nkonzo okanye ifakela inkxaso kwifom ye-qubu, kule meko ayinandaba.

Uxwebhu kufuneka lubonise indlela apho izilungelelaniso zesakhiwo okanye isahlulo sazo zichongiwe. Kungaba:

• Geodesic;
• Ngokusekelwe kumlinganiselo we-satellite;
• Photogrammetric;
• I-Cartometric;
• Uhlalutyo.

Iimpawu ezithile zibonakaliswe ngokucwangciswa kwesicwangciso sokwakha, esiqaliswe ngenguqu kwi-cadastre yesayithi esakhiwayo.

Ukulungiselela isicwangciso seenguqu kwi-inventory

Kwimeko apho uxwebhu olubhekiselweyo luyalelwe ngenxa yokulungiswa kolwazi oluboniswe kwiirejistra zokubhalisa, ixabiso elitsha kwiimpawu zento efakwe kwi-cadastre kufuneka zichaneke kwi-block block yayo.

Kule meko, umqulu ucacisa ulwazi malunga nenombolo ye-cadastral yento. Iinkqubo ezicetywayo zingaphinda ziphunyezwe ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungisa impazamo efunyenweyo kwingxelo ye-cadastral. Kwezinye iimeko, inani elibelwe into kwiirejistara zombuso libuye lucwangciswe.

Iinkcukacha zesakhiwo kwisicwangciso sokwakha

Ibhloko lokubhaliweyo loxwebhu olubhekiselele kulo libandakanya iimpawu zendawo ekhoyo kwisakhiwo sakhiwo - umzekelo, ukuba isakhiwo sezindlu. Apha kubonakaliswa:

• Inombolo yeCadastral yezinto;
• Inani leepansi apho indawo ikhona khona;
• Idilesi zezinto;
• Ukutyunjwa kwegumbi elithile, ukubonakala kwalo;
• Ummandla wento.

Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuchaza kuphela inombolo ye - cadastral yesakhiwo-ngokukodwa, ukuba ukungena ngokuchanekileyo kolwazi malunga nefesti kwiirejistara zombuso zenziwe.

I-cadastre yinjineli ngokwemigaqo yesakhiwo

Icandelo elibalulekileyo lebhokisi yesicatshulwa somqulu esicatshulwayo sisiphelo sesinjini esenza umsebenzi we-cadastral. Apha, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi zingabonakaliswa. Ngokomzekelo, abo babonakalisa iimpazamo ezenziwe xa befaka ukungena malunga nesakhiwo kwi-cadastre, izibalo ezingalunganga zendawo yendawo, indawo yalo (ukuba isicwangciso sophuhliso asihloliswanga kakuhle ngcaphephe ezifanelekileyo). Kule meko, isiphelo sesinjini singabonisa isidingo somsebenzi owongezelelweyo ojoliswe ekupheliseni iimpazamo ezichongiweyo.

Ibhloko lezobugcisa zesicwangciso sokwakha

Ibhloko elandelayo ebalulekileyo eyenza isakhiwo sesicwangciso esicatshulwayo sisicatshulwa. Kuyafuneka ukuze kubonakale izinto eziphambili zakhiwo eziphathekayo zokwakha, iziza, izinto ezikufutshane nokwakhiwa.

Inxalenye ecacileyo yesicwangciso isetyenziswe kwisiseko sedata equkethwe kwisitatimende se- cadastral malunga nesalathisi somhlaba esakhiwa kuso isakhiwo. Ukongezelela, xa idibeneyo, izinto ezahlukeneyo zeempawu zemibala zingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga indawo yendawo. Ibhloko ebonakalayo yesicwangciso esicatshulwayo singabandakanya iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo, uluhlu lwazo oluchazwe ngokuhambelana ne-Annexes kwi-Order No. 403.

Kuya kuba luncedo ukuqwalasela indlela ezinye iinxalenye ezibalulekileyo zifakwe kwisicwangciso sento, oko kukuthi iskimu sokwakha i-geodetic kunye nomzobo.

Isakhiwo sezakhiwo ze-geodesic

Le nxalenye yesicwangciso sakhiwo isetyenziswe kwisiseko sezinto zokulinganisa, ezibonisa ulwazi oluhambelana nokulungiswa kwe-geodetic yomsebenzi oqhubekayo kwi-cadastre.

Iskim kulo mbuzo, kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukubonisa indawo wesakhiwo ngokunxulumene:

• isabelo apho into ahambelanayo, kunye nezinye izakhiwo;
• kwikota cadastral.

Le sihlanganisa isabelo kumda okanye inxalenye yayo, lo wesekethe into apho umsebenzi inventri, kwakunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo. Ukongezelela, oko kuquka ezinye iikhonto yezindlu, leyo akhiwe kule ndawo, apho eyakhiwe isakhiwo engundoqo, ukubonakalisa iinkcukacha indawo kwezitalato, iindlela kunye nezinye izinto, nto leyo eyenza ingqondo ukukufaka amaxwebhu afanelekileyo.

Plans ukwakha

Izicwangciso njengenxalenye xwebhu kufuneka ibekwe isikali evumela ngokwenene cinga isicwangciso kunye imilinganiselo yesakhiwo, oko kwanele ukuqinisekisa ukuba usebenzo lokufundekayo iindawo iingongoma eziphambili aya le into. Akukho lula ukulungisa indawo izinto ezahlukeneyo izakhiwo zeesekethe ngokusebenzisa callouts ezahlukeneyo okanye izakhelo ezithi zibhalwe kwi amaphepha ngamnye zifakiwe kwi isakhiwo mfanekiso.

Kwiimeko ebekwe ngumthetho uxwebhu ekuthethwa zingahlonyelelwa eminye imithombo. Umzekelo, kusenokuba izicwangciso kumgangatho - wonke okanye nayiphi na inxalenye yayo. Kulo mzekelo, imithombo efanelekileyo kunokuqulunqwa kuqala, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimfuno ingqalelo sithi - abo ezivunywe yi-Order # 403, kwaye eyesibini - ngokusekelwe imimiselo eyamkelwa njengabanegunya nokulawulwa lonxibelelwano kule ndawo yonxulumano cadastral.