Usuku loSikhumbuzo lwabaMkhosi bamazwe ngamazwe (Februwari 15) eRashiya

Ngomhla wokukhunjulwa kweMfazwe yamazwe ngamazwe, ngoFebruwari 15, amadoda eepaki kunye nezikwere kulo lonke ilizwe abuthana malunga neminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala, ngamanye amaxesha adala. Ngamanye amaxesha amabhinqa ajoyina nabo, ubudala obufanayo. Baya kwisikhumbuzo. Ezi, nakuba zithobekile, phantse kuwo wonke umzi, nokuba ncinane. Kwiidolophana, le mijelo ithunyelwa kwiibelisks ngokuhlonipha amaqhawe eMpini yePatriotic. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi kwi-esifubeni banamabhaso, iindondo, iindondo. Aba bantu bembethe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha emkhosini wokutshiswa, amaSoviet ahlala phantsi kwelanga langaphandle. Umxhelo uhlelekile, abathathi-nxaxheba baziphatha ngokuthobeka, bathetha ngokuthula. Ngoko gubha iSuku lweSikhumbuzo samajoni-amazwe ngamazwe ngoFebruwari 15. Isimo sezenzo ezongezelelweyo asikho ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa kwiminyaka yamuva imilutha-i-Afghans ihlonishwa ngesidima.

Malunga nendlela le holide evuke ngayo, malunga nembali yayo iya kuhamba ibali. Iimeko, njengoko umbongi wabhala, ngeentsuku ezenzekayo ...

Ngubani okhumbulayo

Phantse bonke abemi bethu bazana bayazi ukuba ngoFebruwari 15 nguSuku lweMemori yeMfazwe yamazwe ngamazwe. Iholide, kodwa buhlungu gqitha. Kuphawulwa ngabathathi-nxaxheba beemfazwe ezingama-10 ezingekho phantsi kwemibutho, amajoni, oomkhosi, amajoni, imiqondiso, iifestile kunye nabo bangenxibe i-epaulettes, kodwa babengozini ngenxa yobomi, oogqirha, ootitshala beeyunivesithi kunye nezinye iingcali zomntu zesini. Khumbula ngalo mhla kunye nabantu abaye balahlekelwa abo bathandekayo abaye bazalisekisa umsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe. Laba ngabantwana abangazange balinde ooyise, abazali, abazalwana kunye noodade, abamkele "imithwalo yempahla engu-200" elalibuhlungu, ekhutshwe yi "Black Tulip". Ungalokothi ukhohlwe iinyanga zase-Afghan kunye neminyaka yabo bakhunjulwa ngamagqabi kunye nezihlalo zabakhubazekile. Kwaye ngaphandle kwamanxeba emzimba, kukho amanxeba angokomoya. Imfazwe yaqhubeka ngaphandle komgca ocacileyo, yangena kwimiphefumlo leyo, ingashiyi nto ibonakala kuyo.

Ngeengcali zeSizwe

Isikhumbuzo sokurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yaseSoviet yinto eyaziwayo, yembali kunye nengxelo. Usuku lokukhunjulwa kwamajoni-ngamazwe ngamazwe ngoFebruwari 15 wanyulwa iholide ngokuchanekileyo kwesi sizathu. Ngokuphathelele ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, umbuzo unzima kakhulu. Izazi-mlando azikavunyelwanga ngembono ongavunyelwanga malunga nento echaphazelekayo njengento yokubhekisela kuyo. Ukuhlaselwa kweNdlunkulu yeTaj-bek? Isigqibo sePolitiki? Ukufakelwa komgca omkhulu? Zonke ezi zikhethi zinokuthi zithathwe njengezizathu ezifanelekileyo, kodwa abantu baseSoviet, kuquka neengcali zempi, baseAfghanistan ngaphambili. Kwaye uncedo lwababonelela lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Isimo sengqondo sabemi basekuhlaleni abasebenzi, oogqirha, ootitshala, ootitshala, oonjiniyela, abakhi kunye nabanye abameli abaninzi abantu abasebenzayo belizwe lamazwe ngamazwe babenomdla kakhulu. Ezinye zeemfuno zeenkokeli zamaSilamsi zaphulwa ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa oku kwaqondwa kunokuba kubonakaliswe ubuthathaka, obufanelwe uvelwano. Le meko yancipha kakhulu emva kokungeniswa kwemikhosi. Abasebenzi abanokuthula baba ngaphandle, baqala ukuzingela. Ngoko ke, kungekhona nje impi, kodwa nabantu abahlali banelungelo elifanelekileyo lokubhiyozela uSuku lweSikhumbuzo samajoni-amazwe.

Kwenzeka njani konke

Uninzi lwabantu baseSoviet baqaphela ukuqala kwemfazwe emva kweeholide zonyaka ka-1980. Ngokomnxeba wolwazi olusasazwa kumabonwakude, oonomathotho kwaye luprintwe kumaphephandaba, kwacaca ukuba iinxalenye zemikhosi yaseSoviet zazingeniswa kwilizwe eliselunxwemeni ukuze zinike uncedo, kwaye abaninzi banquma ukuba bekuza kuthatha ixesha elide. Uncedo uze ubuye. Esinye isitishi esasasazwa kwiNyunyana, esabizwa ngokuthi "ngamazwi otshaba," kubika omnye, kodwa abemi base-USSR baqhelekile, bebaphulaphule, baninzi banokuthembela kwimithombo esemthethweni. Isimo sengqondo esiphezulu ekuthunyelweni kwemikhosi e-Afghanistan nakwamanye amazwe asekuhlaleni, ekuthiwa igama elihlekisa "ukungenelela." Kungakhathaliseki ukuba kwakunjani, kodwa kwimpumelelo yomkhosi wokusebenza kwinqanaba lokuqala laliqaqambile. Ubukhokheli obunqununu nguNdunankulu uHafizullah Amin bebanjwe, batshatyalaliswa, abahlobo abajongene nabo baqeshwe kufuphi noMoscow. Ilahleko ziqikelelwe njengezona ziphantsi. Akukho mntu wecinga ukuba konke oku kuya kutsala malunga neminyaka elishumi, kwaye kuya kuphela ngo-1989, ngoFebruwari 15. Inkumbulo yemihla yamazwe ngamazwe aseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe ase-USSR yangaphambili ibhiyozelwa ekuhambeni kwindoda yokugqibela yaseSoviet ngokusebenzisa ibhuloho yaseTermmez. Okanye, kwakuqhelekileyo. Ngoko baqinisekisa abeendaba.

Yintoni eyenzeka ngoFebruwari 15

Imemori yemihla yamajoni-ngamazwe ngamazwe ibhiyozelwa ngomkhosi wokugqitywa kwemigca yembali yamanqaku amaninzi enyakatho ye-Amu Darya edolophini lomda weTermez. Iinqwelo zokulwa ezihlotshiswe ngeifologi zaseSoviet, iintyatyambo, ukudibana kunye, ubuninzi beenkcukacha, kubandakanywa nabangaphandle, konke oku kubonwa ngabemi behlabathi lonke kwiimboniselo zethelevishini. Mhlawumbi, yilapho kwakuye kwavela imbono yokuba kuqalwe leli holide, usuku lokukhunjulwa kwamaSolisa-ngamazwe ngamazwe. Isithunzi somlawuli wokugqibela, u-B. Gromov, udliwano-ndlebe naye, ubungqina obungabonakaliyo bentetho kunye nolwazi oluyimfihlakalo, olwakhulunywa ngaye kwaye lungaziwa mntu - konke oku kudala umdlalo ovulekileyo kunye nolumngcipheko we-Gorbachev yeqela elisezantsi. Ukusebenza "iMantshi" yayiphumelele nje ngokungena kwemikhosi, phambi kweGromov ngaphandle kwelizwe elithandekayo lafika abantu abayi-115 abantu, kwaye phantse ngaphandle kokulahleka. Kuphela, njengoko kwavela kamva, akubona bonke abantu babuyela ezweni labo.

Mayelana nabathunjiweyo nabasweleko

Kukho olunye uluhlu lwabalwayo, okumele lukhunjulwe ngoMhla wokukhunjulwa kwamaSolisa-ngamazwe ngamazwe. NgoFebruwari 15 kwiikholam, behlangene ngokuthe tye kwiTimmez, kwakungekho namasoldati athunjiweyo kunye namagosa. 130 kubo kamva bakhululwa baza babuyela kwilizwe labo. Ewonke, ama-417 amasosha aseSoviet awatyelela abadushmans ekuthunjweni. Ixesha elide lazo ezininzi aziwa namhlanje. Abantu abangama-287 abazange babuyele ekhaya, namhlanje banqatshelwe ukuba bafile.

Amatyala okudluliselwa kwicala leentshaba ngexesha lemfazwe yase-Afghanistan yayingabalulekanga kakhulu.

Ukuhlangulwa kwamabanjwa kwaye kwahlanganiswa nemibutho yoluntu yangaphandle , kubandakanywa nabathunywa. Ngo-1992, icala laseMerika lazisa abalawuli baseRashiya malunga nexesha eli-163 le-servicemen elilahlekileyo. Abanye babo banikezelwa ubukhohlakele baze bahlala e-US kwaye, mhlawumbi, bakhumbule uSuku lweSikhumbuzo samazwe ngamazwe. Kwimeko amaninzi, amasosha aseSoviet kunye namagosa enza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye akazange afake izivumelwano kunye notshaba.

Omnye umzekelo: ngowe-1985 inkampu yasePakistan i-Badaber yayinokuthi ifakwe kumajoni aseMzantsi Afrika apho. Ngelishwa, inzame yokukhulula yahluleka, abavukeli babulawa.

Ngubani owakhonza khona?

Ngomhla kaFebruwari 15 Usuku lweSikhumbuzo samajoni-amazwe ngamazwe agubha yonke into ephathelele imfazwe yase-Afghan. Akuyi kuba yinto engabonakaliyo ukubuza indlela abaphelile ngayo "kwi-limited quing". Kufuneka kuqatshelwa ngokukodwa ukuba imfazwe kwiminyaka engama-80 yathunyelwa kuphela ngokuzithandela. Enye into kukuba umoya jikelele kwilizwe laseSoviet nakwiimpi ezixhobileyo kwakunjalo ukuba umqhubi akwazi ukungafuni. Ngokumalunga namagosa, inani leengxelo lidlulile iimfuno ze-40 Army. Kwaye kwakungekho ukuba intlawulo yomsebenzi wabo wempi yayinkulu kunabo bakhonza kwintsimi ye-USSR. Ukuhlola i-Vneshtorg ayikwazanga ukubuyisela ingozi kunye nezimo ezinzima ezinxulumene nemisebenzi yomkhosi kwintlango-entlango. Ngokulula, abaninzi abantu babeqinisekile ukuba bayayifuna, babekholelwa ngokunyanisekileyo ukuba bavikela iminqweno yelizwe labo kunye nentshukumo yomsebenzi wehlabathi. Yingakho imini yokukhumbula imikhosi yamazwe ngamazwe aseRashiya nakwamanye amazwe aseSoviet akhankanywe ngabangaphandle kwilizwe.

Ukulahleka

Njalo kwi-DRA, bekukho malunga neenkulungwane ze-servicemen ze-SA. Ukuqwalasela ukujikeleza kwimfazwe, abantu abayi-620 bahlala inxaxheba. Abo bahlala bephila bagubha uSuku lweSikhumbuzo samajoni-ngamazwe ngamazwe ngoFebruwari 15 kunye nokukhunjulwa kwabafileyo. Kwaye kukho ezininzi ezinjalo. Inani elisemthethweni lahleko liphakathi kwabantu abayi-14.5waka. Ukongezelela, malunga namawaka angama-50 abalimele. Ukufelwa kwezibhedlele kunye kunye neminyaka elandelayo kungenakulinganiswa kule nkalo.

Imfazwe yase-Afghan yayingabonakali ngokukhetha kwabaxhoba. Phakathi kwawa a bahlanu abaphathi. Abalawuli bamanqanaba onke bazama ukunciphisa ilahleko zabasebenzi, kwiimeko ezininzi bazithatha uxanduva lwabo kwaye abazisoli ngokwabo. Isikhumbuzo samasosha-amazwe ngamazwe aseRashiya sigubha ngabasebenzi beeqela-ukusuka kwi-rank-and-file kwi-marshal.

Ilahleko zabantu base-Afghan ziqikelelwa malunga. Ziphezulu kakhulu, zifikelela kwizigidi ezizigidi. Isizathu salokhu kukwahlukana kwintlalo yoluntu. Imfazwe ayizange iqhutywe ngenjongo yokunqoba okanye i-Afghanistan. Injongo yayilungileyo: ukuzisa ixabiso lezenzo zentlalo endaweni ye-order order. Ngelishwa, izapolitiko zizama ukulungisa iimpazamo zamadoda empi. Akukho mntu omnye.

Indlela yokukhumbula iSuku lokuSikhumbuzo samazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe ngamazwe

Loo suku ube ngumhla kwilizwe lonke, kungekhona nje kuphela kumaqhawe ase-Afghan. ERashiya, wamkela igama elisemthethweni loSuku lokukhunjulwa kwamaRashiya enza imisebenzi yaso esemthethweni ngaphandle kwe-Fatherland. Xa imfazwe yayiqhubeka, akukho mntu wabelana nomfikazi kumaRiphabliki, kwenziwa emva koko, emva kokuwa kwe-USSR. Ngaloo ndlela, e-Ukraine kuye kwaqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabangamashumi amabini nesigxina abemi base-Ukrainian SSR abazange babuyele ekhaya ngexesha loncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe. IRashiya yahlawula ixabiso elikhulu kulo mbutho wezopolitiko phakathi kweeRiphabhliki zaseSoviet. Namhlanje, amabhunga karhulumente kunye nabasemagunyeni bendawo bahlawula ngokuqwalasela ngendlela yokukhumbula imikhosi yamajoni yamazwe ngamazwe ngoFebruwari 15. Isiganeko somcimbi siquka iintlanganiso ezininzi, iikonkethi kunye nemiboniso ebonakalayo. Kukho amajoni okumele akhumbule.

Ekupheleni kwesahlulo esinqumlekileyo, abadala beenyawo bahlala phantsi etafileni.

Kwaye ngosuku olulandelayo babuyela ebomini bemihla ngemihla, ngoko akufani noko bafumana kwii-80.