Isifundo yokufunda Biology Jikelele isethi iinkqubo ezisisiseko lo mkhuba yobomi

Natural nje kuphela olona phando yokuqala yabantu kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo kwinzululwazi, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso impucuko yethu. Isifundo yokufunda Biology Jikelele isethi iinkqubo ezisisiseko isenzeko yobomi. OyiNtloko phakathi kwabo: kwenziwe kwaye ontogenesis, ufuzo kunye ukwahluka, uphuhliso yembali ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zivunywa. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Indima lwezifundo nembali yemvelo ekuphuhliseni uluntu

Applied Sciences zebhayoloji benza isifundo okubonakalayo kweli nesenzeko ngentla endalo, usebenzisa iziphumo kuphuhliso lwamashishini mihla eziphilayo jikelele - iseli nobunjineli yemfuza, ibiotechnology, kunye nemfuza kwabantu. Uphuhliso okukhawulezileyo kobugcisa kwezoshishino kunye neenkqubo ehlabathi kwezoqoqosho ehlabathini zinyanzela izazinzulu ukuba besenza uphando nzulu ngemiba yokhuseleko lwendalo mxokelelwano wendalo.

Njengoko nenzululwazi yendalo, izifundo biology jikelele isakhiwo olunzima kakhulu lombutho wobomi: labemi-iintlobo, kwakunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo iinkqubo zendalo kunye biosphere.

Imbali kuphuhliso lolwazi eziphilayo

Isayensi esifunda lwendalo ukwahluka yayo yonke, wazalwa ezinzulwini ulwazi lwabantu kunye ngoncedo zobulumko Greece yamandulo neRoma, kodwa waziwa ngokuba biology kuphela kwinkulungwane XIX, ngenxa imisebenzi J. Lamarck kunye G. Treviranus. Enye yezona zindala lwamacandelo zayo ingqalelo KABLOOM esekelwe C. Linnaeus, kunye morphology, ziphuma azibhala ka noHippocrates, Galen kunye zikaAesculapius.

Injongo yokufunda eziphilayo jikelele kukuseka umanyano eziphilayo ekuqaleni eziphilayo, uze emva koko - kwinqanaba zeselula. Ukuvela kwingcamango yenzululwazi, ephuhliswe Russian kwindaleko PF Goryaninovym kunye izazinzulu German M. Schleiden kunye T. Schwann wabonisa ukuba uhlobo esisiseko yobomi on Earth - seli. R. Virchow ecetywayo umgaqo "abaphilayo - singaphili 'kuphelisa iingxoxo malunga namathuba kwisizukulwana yezizwe oososayensi eziphilayo ezivela engaphili.

Cytology ngeendlela ezifana centrifugation, electron microscopy, indlela tracer, lifunda ubume prokaryotes kunye neeseli nucleated kwaye isiseko kuphuhliso kwizihloko ezithile lenzululwazi zendalo: histology, imfuza, zizalele nakuzo.

imigaqo pathways kwiinkqubo eziphilayo

izifundo biology Jikelele kuphela ubume iikhemikhali kunye nolwakhiwo eziphilayo, kodwa iinkqubo ezisisiseko ukutya kwabo. Eziphilayo ukuseka regularities yokusabela steroid, ezifana photosynthesis yezityalo. Ixilonga kananjalo biosynthesis protein (umbhalo kunye neenkqubo translation), simisela iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze reactions dissimilation ngokubonelela iiseli eziyimfuneko amandla reserve njengoko molecule NADPH kunye ATP.

Ekubeni into yokufunda eziphilayo jikelele kwinqanaba ngemolekyula lobomi, wacingisisa ukusabela catabolism. Phantsi kweemeko aerobic, iseli isilwanyana synthesizes 36 abamenzelayo of ATP ukusuka molecule ngalinye glucose kwi ngayo kumjikelo Krebs.

Izityalo kunye fungi e abasabela ngayo ukutya amandla kwiimeko anaerobic kwanjalo anamathele C ₃ H ₄ O ₃ ukuya ethyl utywala, yaye bavunyelwe - ukuya lactic acid. triphosphate adenosine - kodwa zonke iimeko, ezo molekyuli zamandla umcimbi kuhlelwe.

Njengoko ubona, isihloko zokufunda Biology Jikelele yindlela emzimbeni. Abameli zasendle uyaqhubeka kunye nxaxheba enqanda of iindlela ezifanayo nemvelo. Oku kubonisa ubunye imvelaphi yobomi evela iifom eqhelekileyo iseli izinyanya. Ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo lo mba igutyungelwe kweli candelo isayensi yendalo njengoko imfundiso yokuba izinto zazivelela.

Imithetho eziphilayo jikelele

Eli gama uye kwabafundi isikolo yendalo kuqaliswa kwikharityhulam, ukuqala kwiBakala 9. Ngenxa siseko phambili yenzululwazi kunye yayisetyenziselwa, abafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo bafunde yasendle, ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lika-Botany, ngezilwanyana, ukwakheka komzimba. Ukwenza umfanekiso opheleleyo yohlobo kwabantwana - umsebenzi omkhulu wokufundisa.

Izisekelo cytology, ontogeny, iiphatheni yelifa - oko ukufunda ibhayoloji jikelele. Imixholo naye wanikezela kuphuhliso yembali yehlabathi eziphilayo kunye neziseko eziphilayo, kukhokelela ekubeni idabi esinzulu ezingqondweni zabafundi kunye nokwenza igalelo kuphuhliso ngokupheleleyo ubuntu babo.