Igqala le kaArchimedes kunye ngobomi emfutshane sisazinzulu

Greece akulambathi kuthathwa nelaye lasisiseko inkcubeko Western, kuba phezu kweli lizwe basikelelwe, akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi efudumeleyo kuLwandle lweMeditera, waphila ndadala oosonzululwazi nobuhlakani. Uluhlu lwamagama abantu wazibeka iziseko bezenzululwazi, kungathatha iphepha ngaphezu kwesinye. Siya kugxininisa omnye wabo - zemathematika, inzululwazi, kunye zobunjineli. Ulwazi malunga engqondweni yakhe enkulu ngokwenene baninzi, yaye kwebali kaArchimedes yaziwa kuyo yonke schoolchild. Siza kukuxelela endiyityala uhlobo lomntu nokuba yintoni na zonke izizukulwana zabantu.

A isuntswana yingqondi

Igqala le noArchimedes, Kakade ke, umdla. Kodwa kuqala sifuna ukuxelela kancinci malunga sisazinzulu. Biography of the Greek odumileyo beza kuthi ntetho ababhali bamandulo ezifana Tit Livy, Vitruvius, uCicero, Polybius, Plutarch. Ngamnye kubo baphila kamva kwe noArchimedes, ngoko awunaku kwazi bathi ukuba iziganeko ezichazwe ngabo buyinyaniso.

genius Future wazalwa yaseSyracuse, esasiseSisili. Mhlawumbi Archimedes wayesisalamane irhuluneli yesixeko Hiero II. Inkanuko kweyobunzululwazi yena wabethelela ukuba uyise wakhe, Phidias, le ngeenkwenkwezi odumileyo wezibalo. Waza wafunda e Alexandria, iziko inkulu yenkcubeko zenzululwazi ixesha.

Elide phambi kokuba kwebali noArchimedes, buchopho wadibana nabantu ezibalaseleyo, Conon kunye Eratosthenes, ngoko yayilingana ubomi. Ahlale iiyure kwithala leencwadi odumileyo ngayo lwaqokelelwa ngqangi ngaphezulu kwe asixhenxe anamanci amawaka. Kulapha kaArchimedes waba ithuba uqhelane kunye kwimibhalo Democritus kunye Eudoxus, apho wayedla wagqithiselwa kwiincwadi zakhe.

Biographers bathi, emva kokugqiba uqeqesho, Archimedes wabuyela kwelakowabo, apho ulonwabele imbeko kwaye andiyifuni imali.

Scientist nomqhele

Akukho kwebali noArchimedes, oluninzi kubo, ngenxa yokuba sisazinzulu ngoku uze into kwemoto, uphando, wasebenza. Eyona uthandwayo kubo eziqhelekileyo kuthi evela esikolweni. Oku kwebali kaArchimedes malunga isithsaba. Ngokufutshane chaza umongo walo.

Xa ukumkani okhohlakeleyo Hiero wayefuna ukubona ukuba umnyibilikisi wakhe kukuqhathwa ngokwenza isithsaba segolide kuye. Wayalela ukuba izazinzulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngenene yomhombiso ezenziwe ngentsimbi ecocekileyo elixabisekileyo. Le ubunzima ekumiseleni imihlaba Crown, njengoko waba imilo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka. Ecinga lo msebenzi, Archimedes wafumana indlela ukujongana nayo; ukutshonisa imveliso emanzini kwaye ukulinganisa umthamo ulwelo abalahlekelwa nto. Ngelo xesha elinye kwebali noArchimedes, leyo wathi "Eureka!", Bona bubonakala "Ayifumaneki". Nesayensi kwafunyanwa hydrostatic wangena njengoko umgaqo Archimedes '.

Indlela ukuvula Umhlaba?

Kodwa thina siyazi, yaye omnye kwebali kaArchimedes (ifoto ngezantsi). Biographers bathi ngumlawuli laseSirakuse wayalela ukwakha inqanawe enzima mnogopalubny, lowo besilungiselelwe njengesipho nguPtolemy, ukumkani waseYiputa. Kodwa emva kokuba akakwazanga ukufumana phezu kwamanzi, yaye kuza kubanceda kaArchimedes. Wakha yonke inkqubo ngeebhloko nokusebenzisa amandla wokukhuthaza emhlabeni inqanawa ukumelana lula umsebenzi. Loko Umsunguli wazalwa aphorism: "Ndinike indawo fulcrum kwaye ndiza kuhamba ihlabathi."

usindiswe eSirakusa

izinto ezimangalisayo ISAZINZULU wamhlangula kwidolophu yakowabo ekutshatyalalisweni. Le yenye kwebali kaArchimedes (physics, ngokuqinisekileyo wafunda oko). Ngoko ke, ngokutsho buchopho biographers zobunjineli, ngo-212 BC. e. amabutho amaRoma wawungqinga ISirakuse. Ngexesha yesibini imfazwe Punic, iqhawe yethu wayemalunga 75 ubudala. Kodwa ingqondo yakhe nangoku ngokukhawuleza yaye ba- nxanelwe ulwazi.

Ngoko ke, Archimedes iphuhlise imizobo catapults ezinamandla, leyo waziphosa umkhosi alimwi amatye Marcellus. Ukubaleka kulo mlilo, umkhosi wamaRoma wabalekiselwa iindonga zaseSirakuse. Kodwa baye eyayibulindile esinye isimanga elibi - catapults ukukhanya. Ukongeza, abemi (mhlawumbi ngoncedo zezenzululwazi) wakha milenge, leyo hlasi iinqanawa, wawavelisela phezulu, waza ke waphoswa phantsi, warhaxwa. Abahlaseli lweMedia.

Enye inguqulelo yeBhayibhile ithi ukuba izithuthi City obunguNaphakade ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni ukuba atshiswe ngomlilo, nesuka kwisicelo yezibuko okanye sigade. Noko ke, ukuba ntsomi odlulileyo sele avavanyiwe kwaye kwaqinisekiswa zizazinzulu mihla, umlilo laseSirakuse kuseyinto nentsomi ezintle.

End of yokuphila

Ngenxa ukungcatshwa laseSirakuse kodwa babekade bengamabanjwa ngamaRoma ngonyaka. Archimedes, asindiswe wawubulala idolophu ngaphambili. Kukho iinguqulelo ezine ukufa ISAZINZULU, kodwa bonke ubilisa phantsi ukuba le ndoda endala bebulewe ngamajoni. Warlord Marcellus wamfuthela kunene ukufunda ngokufa ngumntu odumileyo, wamwisela ukungcwatywa ngesidima. Babulali babulawa. Namhlanje yaseSyracuse, uyakwazi ukubona ingcwaba ilitye noArchimedes, wakha kwiinkulungwane ezimbini emva kokufa kwakhe. Kodwa izazinzulu kuqhubeka bephila iintliziyo zabantu njengoko uninzi Umsunguli odumileyo mandulo, njengoko njengomsindisi omzi zakowabo, nomkhonzi onyanisekileyo yezenzululwazi.